Biology:Psoroglaena

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Psoroglaena is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Verrucariaceae.[1] The genus was circumscribed by Johann Müller Argoviensis in 1891, with Psoroglaena cubensis assigned as the type species.[2]

Description

Psoroglaena is characterised by its crustose (crust-like) or minutely filamentous thallus (the main body of the lichen). The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] cells (outer protective layer) often feature small [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (tiny nipple-like projections). The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (the photosynthetic partner in the lichen symbiosis) is Auxenochlorella, a green alga belonging to the class Trebouxiophyceae.[3]

The reproductive structures in this genus are perithecia (flask-shaped fruiting bodies with an opening at the top), which are typically pale brown, though rarely dark brown. The surface of these perithecia is generally smooth, but occasionally may display projecting hyphae (fungal filaments) or a distinctive ring-shaped collar. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (a protective covering over the perithecium) is absent in this genus.[3]

The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (the outer wall of the fruiting body) is usually pale, though it may rarely contain some brown pigmentation. When viewed in cross-section, the cells of the exciple are periclinally elongate (stretched parallel to the surface), sometimes with a surface layer of isodiametric (equal in all dimensions) cells. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (the sterile tissue within the fruiting body) consists of [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (short filaments lining the ostiole or opening), while interascal filaments are absent. The gel within this tissue turns red when treated with iodine (I+ red).[3]

The asci (spore-producing cells) contain between one and eight spores, are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-cylindrical (club-shaped to cylindrical) in form, and show thickening at the apex when young. They do not react with iodine (I-) or potassium iodide (K/I-). The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (spores produced in asci) are transversely septate (divided by cross-walls) to [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (divided by both longitudinal and transverse walls), ellipsoidal in shape, smooth, lack a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (outer spore coating), and are colourless. Conidiomata (asexual reproductive structures) have not been observed in this genus. Chemical analysis reveals no detectable lichen substances.[3]

Species

  • Psoroglaena abscondita (Coppins & Vězda) Hafellner & Türk (2001)
  • Psoroglaena arachnoidea Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2004)[4] – Mexico
  • Psoroglaena biatorella (Arnold) Lücking & Sérus. (2008)
  • Psoroglaena chirisanensis Lőkös, S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2016)[5] – South Korea
  • Psoroglaena coreana S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)[6] – South Korea
  • Psoroglaena cubensis Müll.Arg. (1891)[2]
  • Psoroglaena dictyospora (Orange) H.Harada (2003)
  • Psoroglaena epiphylla Lücking (2008)[7] – Costa Rica
  • Psoroglaena gangwondoensis S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös, J.-J.Woo & Hur (2018)
  • Psoroglaena halmaturina P.M.McCarthy & Kantvilas (2013)[8] – Australia
  • Psoroglaena hepaticicola (Döbbeler & Vězda) H.Harada (2003)
  • Psoroglaena humidosilvae B.G.Lee (2022)[9] – South Korea
  • Psoroglaena japonica H.Harada (2003)[10] – Japan
  • Psoroglaena laevigata Lücking (2008)[7] – Costa Rica
  • Psoroglaena ornata Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2004)[4] – Mexico
  • Psoroglaena perminuta (Vězda) H.Harada (2003)
  • Psoroglaena sorediata Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2004)[4] – Mexico
  • Psoroglaena spinosa Weerakoon & Aptroot (2016)[11] – Sri Lanka
  • Psoroglaena stigonemoides (Orange) Henssen (1995)
  • Psoroglaena sunchonensis S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2017)[12] – South Korea

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453 [139]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Müller, J. Argoviensis (1891). "Lichenologische Beiträge. XXXV" (in la). Flora 74: 371–382. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58054895. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Orange, A.; Cannon, P.; Prieto, M.; Coppins, B.; Sanderson, N.; Simkin, J. (2023). Verrucariales: Verrucariaceae, including the genera Agonimia, Atla, Bagliettoa, Catapyrenium, Dermatocarpon, Endocarpon, Henrica, Heteroplacidium, Hydropunctaria, Involucropyrenium, Merismatium, Nesothele, Normandina, Parabagliettoa, Placidopsis, Placidium, Placopyrenium, Polyblastia, Psoroglaena, Sporodictyon, Staurothele, Thelidium, Trimmatothele, Verrucaria, Verrucula, Verruculopsis and Wahlenbergiella. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 31. British Lichen Society. p. 57. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Verrucariaceae_1.pdf. open access
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Herrera-Campos, M.A.; Colín, P.M.; Peña, A.B.; Lücking, R. (2004). "The foliicolous lichen flora of Mexico. III. New species from Volcán San Martín Tuxtla (Sierra de Los Tuxtlas), Veracruz, with notes on Fellhanera santessonii". Phyton 44 (2): 167–184. 
  5. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J.P.; Haji Moniri, M.; Farkas, E.; Park, J. S.; Lee, B.G.; Oh, S.-O. et al. (2016). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 4". Acta Botanica Hungarica 58 (1–2): 75–136. doi:10.1556/034.58.2016.1-2.4. http://real.mtak.hu/35666/1/034.58.2016.1-2.4.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J.P.; Upreti, D.K.; Mishra, G. K.; Haji Moniri, M. et al. (2016). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 5". Acta Botanica Hungarica 58 (3–4): 319–396. doi:10.1556/ABot.58.2016.3-4.7. http://real.mtak.hu/40025/1/abot.58.2016.3-4.7.pdf. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lücking, R. (2008). Foliicolous lichenized fungi.. Flora Neotropica. 103. pp. 195, 197. 
  8. ↑ McCarthy, P.M.; Kantvilas, G. (2013). "Psoroglaena halmaturina sp. nov. (lichenized Ascomycota, Verrucariaceae) from Kangaroo Island, South Australia". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 26: 1–4. 
  9. ↑ Lee, Beeyoung Gun; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2022). "A new lichenized fungus, Psoroglaena humidosilvae, from a forested wetland of Korea, with a taxonomic key to the species of Psoroglaena". Journal of Fungi 8 (4): e392. doi:10.3390/jof8040392. PMID 35448623. 
  10. ↑ Harada, H. (2003). "Psoroglaena japonica (lichenized Ascomycota, Verrucariaceae), a new species from Chiba-ken, central Japan, with notes on Psoroglaena". Lichenology 2 (1): 5–10. 
  11. ↑ Weerakoon, G.; Aptroot, A. (2016). "Nine new lichen species and 64 new records from Sri Lanka". Phytotaxa 280 (2): 152–162. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.280.2.5. 
  12. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J.P.; Roux, C.; Upreti, D.K.; Schumm, F.; Mishra, G.K.; Nayaka, S. et al. (2017). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 6". Acta Botanica Hungarica 59 (1–2): 137–260. doi:10.1556/034.59.2017.1-2.7. http://real.mtak.hu/50371/1/034.59.2017.1-2.7.pdf. 
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