Biology:Pteroma pendula

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Short description: Species of moth

Pteroma pendula
Scientific classification edit
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Psychidae
Genus: Pteroma
Species:
P. pendula
Binomial name
Pteroma pendula
(de Joannis, 1929)

Pteroma pendula, the oil palm bagworm or simply bagworm, is a species of bagworm moth found in East and Southeast Asia that infests oil palm plantations.[1][2][3]

Pteroma pendula is among most economically damaging pest of oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia, along with Metisa plana.[4][5][6] The caterpillars also feed on other trees and shrubs, including Acacia mangium, Delonix regia, Cassia fistula, and Callerya atropurpurea.[2][7] 31 different species have been identified as host plants for P. pendula.[8] Insecticides are the favoured method of controlling the moth in most commercial plantations.[8] Natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and fungi kill up to 4.85% of the population.[4][6][5]

Life cycle

Survival rate of P. pendula eggs differs based on chosen host plant.[9] The species has six larval instars.[1][6] Pupae are typically found in middle and lower fronds, while caterpillars go higher in search fresh ones.[8] Dimorphism has been reported in the pupal and imago stages.[1][6] Males generally live longer than females.[9]

Damage symptoms

P. pendula infestations can be detected by a number of symptoms. Holes in leaves and sometimes defoliation are some signs, and discolouration may also result.[1][7]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Mani, M. (2022-09-16) (in en). Trends in Horticultural Entomology. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-19-0343-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=t6iJEAAAQBAJ&dq=Pteroma+pendula&pg=PA1464. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Pteroma pendula Joannis 1929 - Encyclopedia of Life". https://eol.org/pages/959299. 
  3. "Pteroma pendula (de Joannis, 1929)" (in en). https://www.gbif.org/species/5122463. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 "INTERACTIONS OF THE BAGWORM, Pteroma pendula (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE), AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES IN AN OIL PALM PLANTATION IN PERAK – Journal of Oil Palm Research" (in en-US). http://jopr.mpob.gov.my/interactions-of-the-bagworm-pteroma-pendula-lepidoptera-psychidae-and-its-natural-enemies-in-an-oil-palm-plantation-in-perak/. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 Ramlah, Siti & Ali, Dr Siti Ramlah & Kamarudin, Noorhazwani & Razak, Mohd & Yusof, Mohd. Termizi & Ahmad, Mohd Najib & Mazmira, Mohd & Mohd Masri, Mohamed Mazmira & Azura, Syarifah & Ibrahim, Syed & Kamarudin, Norman. (2010). I PM Systems for controlling bagworm, Pteroma pendula (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) outbreak in oil palm plantations at Teluk Intan.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Cheong, Yew Loong (2009). Bagworm (Pteroma Pendula Joannis) and Its Control by Entomopathogenic Fungi, (Metarhizium Anisopliae Metchnikoff and Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus Wize) (masters thesis). Universiti Putra Malaysia.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Maruthaveeran, Sreetheran; Chen, Wendy Y.; Morgenroth, Justin (2022-11-29) (in en). Urban Forestry and Arboriculture in Malaysia: An Interdisciplinary Research Perspective. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-19-5418-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=taueEAAAQBAJ&dq=Pteroma+pendula&pg=PA161. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Ahya Mahadi, Nor; Muhamad, Rita; Azura Adam, Nur (2012-11-10). "Relationship between Bagworm Pteroma Pendula Joannis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) Populations, Parasitoids, and Weather Parameters in Oil Palm Plantation". Journal of Agricultural Science 4 (12): 13–17. doi:10.5539/jas.v4n12p13. ISSN 1916-9760. http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8d00/19e558599f78cc8d5bce866b1a9801c02cd0.pdf. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 Lee, Seng Hua; Lum, Wei Chen; Sajap, Ahmad Said; Tan, Li Peng; Ashaari, Zaidon (2015). "Development of Pteroma pendula Joannis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) feeding on selected landscape trees in Peninsular Malaysia" (in en). The Malaysian Forester 78 (1 & 2): 87–96. ISSN 0302-2935. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/56211/. 

Wikidata ☰ Q13482177 entry