Biology:RAF kinase

From HandWiki
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] RAF-1 is between RAS and MEK just above the centre of the diagram.

RAF kinases are a family of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that are related to retroviral oncogenes.[11] The mouse sarcoma virus 3611 contains a RAF kinase-related oncogene that enhances fibrosarcoma induction. RAF is an acronym for Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma.[12]

RAF kinases participate in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade, also referred to as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade.[11] Activation of RAF kinases requires interaction with RAS-GTPases.

The three RAF kinase family members are:

References

  1. ↑ "Evidence that pp42, a major tyrosine kinase target protein, is a mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 (18): 6940–6943. September 1989. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.6940. PMID 2550926. 
  2. ↑ "Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms". Science 286 (5443): 1358–1362. November 1999. doi:10.1126/science.286.5443.1358. PMID 10558990. 
  3. ↑ "Direct activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase MEKK1 by the Ste20p homologue GCK and the adapter protein TRAF2". Molecular and Cellular Biology 22 (3): 737–749. February 2002. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.3.737-749.2002. PMID 11784851. 
  4. ↑ "Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades". Nature 410 (6824): 37–40. March 2001. doi:10.1038/35065000. PMID 11242034. 
  5. ↑ "The c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and apoptotic signaling (review)". International Journal of Oncology 16 (4): 651–662. April 2000. doi:10.3892/ijo.16.4.651. PMID 10717232. 
  6. ↑ "MAPK-regulated transcription: a continuously variable gene switch?". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 3 (1): 30–40. January 2002. doi:10.1038/nrm715. PMID 11823796. 
  7. ↑ "BMK1/ERK5 regulates serum-induced early gene expression through transcription factor MEF2C". The EMBO Journal 16 (23): 7054–7066. December 1997. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.23.7054. PMID 9384584. 
  8. ↑ "HPK1, a hematopoietic protein kinase activating the SAPK/JNK pathway". The EMBO Journal 15 (24): 7013–7025. December 1996. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01093.x. PMID 9003777. 
  9. ↑ "ERK5 and ERK2 cooperate to regulate NF-kappaB and cell transformation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (11): 7927–7931. March 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009764200. PMID 11118448. 
  10. ↑ "Signal transduction. MAP kinase signaling specificity". Science 296 (5577): 2345–2347. June 2002. doi:10.1126/science.1073344. PMID 12089430. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "RAF protein-serine/threonine kinases: structure and regulation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 399 (3): 313–317. August 2010. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.092. PMID 20674547. 
  12. ↑ "Back to the roots: the remarkable RAF oncogene story". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 63 (11): 1314–1330. June 2006. doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6005-y. PMID 16649144. 



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