Biology:Ramonia

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Ramonia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Gyalectaceae.[1] Species form thin crusts on bark or rock and partner with the green alga Trentepohlia as their photosynthetic partner. They are recognized by their distinctive urn-shaped apothecia (fruiting bodies), whose inrolled rims nearly close over the spore-producing surface, leaving only a small central pore. About 22 species are accepted, found mainly in tropical and temperate regions.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Ernst Stizenberger in 1862, with Ramonia valenzueliana as the type species. In the protologue, Stizenberger distinguished Ramonia from the preceding genus Urceolaria chiefly by its polysporous asci and its [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] spores (with spores divided by multiple septa into a row of cells).[2]

Modern molecular phylogenetics work has suggested that the traditional circumscription of Ramonia is closely tied to that of Thelopsis. In a three-locus phylogenetic study using nrLSU, mtSSU, and RPB2 sequences, Damien Ertz and coauthors found that Thelopsis was polyphyletic, and that R. valenzueliana was recovered as the sister species of T. melathelia. On that basis, they transferred the latter species to Ramonia as Ramonia melathelia. The authors also argued that Ramonia, as then understood, appears morphologically heterogeneous. They suggested that [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] such as a wrinkled ascomatal surface, a darker [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], and ascospores with a thick gelatinous sheath may help indicate closer relationships within the group, but concluded that broader sampling is still needed to clarify the limits of Ramonia and its relationship to Thelopsis.[3]

The genus name Ramonia honours Ramón Dionisio José de la Sagra (1798–1871), who was a Spanish anarchist, politician, writer, and botanist who founded the world's first anarchist journal, El Porvenir (Spanish for "The Future").[4]

Description

Ramonia species form a thin, crust-like thallus (vegetative body) that spreads indefinitely over the surface, sometimes sinking into the substrate so that little is visible externally. No distinct border zone ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) develops at the edge of the thallus. The photosynthetic partner ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) is from the green algal genus Trentepohlia, whose cells are roughly spherical, 6–10 μm wide, and packed closely together or arranged in short chains.[5]

The fruiting bodies are apothecia (open, disc-bearing structures) that begin partly embedded in the thallus and later push through the surface to sit directly on it. They are urn-shaped ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), with a strongly inrolled rim ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) that curves over the spore-producing surface and nearly closes it, leaving only a small central pore. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] beneath is concave and pale pink to pale grey. The exciple eventually splits along radial lines. In cross-section it is cup-shaped, hyaline to brown, and built from diamond-shaped or nearly spherical, tissue-like ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) cells 3–7 μm wide, with short inward-pointing hairs ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) lining its inner edge.[5]

The spore-bearing layer (hymenium) is colourless and stains blue with iodine (KI+ blue). The paraphyses (sterile filaments between the asci) are unbranched, sometimes with swollen tips. The asci (spore-producing cells) are narrowly cylindrical to club-shaped and contain (2–)8 to many spores; they are of the Gyalecta-type, with a thin, iodine-positive wall and a poorly developed, non-amyloid plug ([[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]). The ascospores range from [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (undivided) to transversely septate or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (divided by both cross-walls and longitudinal walls into a brick-like pattern), and are oblong to spindle-shaped or ellipsoidal, colourless, thin-walled, and surrounded by a gelatinous outer layer (perispore). No asexual fruiting structures (conidiomata) are known. No secondary metabolites have been detected.[5]

Species

  • Ramonia absconsa (Tuck.) Vězda (1966)[6]
  • Ramonia athallina Sherwood (1977)[7]
  • Ramonia calcicola Canals & Gómez-Bolea (1992)[8]
  • Ramonia cupellina Vězda (1966)[6]
  • Ramonia elixii Kalb (2001)[9] – Tanzania
  • Ramonia elongata Gagarina (2015)
  • Ramonia eungellae Kalb (2001)[9]
  • Ramonia extensa Lendemer, K.Knudsen & Coppins (2009)[10]
  • Ramonia himelbrantii Gagarina (2013)[11] – Russia
  • Ramonia leptospora (Müll.Arg.) Vězda (1973)[12]
  • Ramonia longispora Aptroot & Schumm (2023)
  • Ramonia melathelia (Nyl.) Ertz (2021)[3]
  • Ramonia micrococca Vězda (1973)[12]
  • Ramonia microspora Vězda (1966)[6]
  • Ramonia minima J.Kalb & Kalb (2017)[13]
  • Ramonia nepalensis G.Thor & Vězda (1984)[14]
  • Ramonia rappii Vězda (1966)[6]
  • Ramonia subantarctica Øvstedal (2001)[15]
  • Ramonia subsphaeroides (Tav.) Vězda (1966)[6]
  • Ramonia valenzueliana (Mont.) Stizenb. (1862)
  • Ramonia variespora Sobreira, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2015)[16]
  • Ramonia vermispora Lendemer & K.Knudsen (2008)[17]
  • Ramonia xylophila Aptroot (2020)

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. 
  2. ↑ Stizenberger, E. (1862). "Beitrag zur Flechtensystematik" (in de). Bericht über die Thätigkeit der St. Gallischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft 3: 124–182 [168]. https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=sgn-002%3A1861%3A3%3A%3A173. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ertz, Damien; Sanderson, Neil; Lebouvier, Marc (2021). "Thelopsis challenges the generic circumscription in the Gyalectaceae and brings new insights to the taxonomy of Ramonia". The Lichenologist 53 (1): 45–61. doi:10.1017/S002428292000050X. 
  4. ↑ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022) (in de) (pdf). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen. Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN 978-3-946292-41-8. https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2022. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kantvilas, G. (2023). "Ramonia, version 2023:1". Flora of Tasmania Online. Hobart: Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/lichen-genera/ramonia/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Vězda, A. (1966). "Flechtensytematische Studien III. Die Gattungen Ramonia Stiz. und Gloeolecta Lett.". Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 1 (2): 154–175. doi:10.1007/BF02852443. 
  7. ↑ Sherwood, M.A. (1977). "A non-lichenized species of Ramonia". Mycotaxon 6 (1): 186–188. 
  8. ↑ Canals, Antonio; Gómez-Bolea, Antonio (1992). "Ramonia calcicola, a new lichen species from Catalonia, Spain". The Lichenologist 24 (3): 308–311. doi:10.1017/S0024282992000410. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kalb, K. (2001). "New or otherwise interesting lichens. I". Lichenological Contributions in Honour of Jack Elix. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 78. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer. pp. 141–167. ISBN 978-3-443-58057-5. 
  10. ↑ Lendemer, J.C.; Knudsen, K.; Coppins, B.J. (2009). "Further notes on the genus Ramonia in California: Ramonia extensa sp. nov. and the first modern record of R. ablephora". Opuscula Philolichenum 7: 191-194. doi:10.5962/p.391379. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237368791. 
  11. ↑ Gagarina, L.V.; Stepanchikova, I.S. (2013). "Ramonia himelbrantii, a new corticolous lichen species from Russia". Graphis scripta 25 (1): 12–15. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Vezda, A. (1973). "Flechtensystematische Studien IX. Die Gattung Ramonia Stiz." (in de). Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 8 (4): 417–424. 
  13. ↑ Kalb, J.; Kalb, K. (2017). "New lichen species from Thailand, new combinations and new additions to the Thai lichen biota". Phytotaxa 332 (2): 141–156. 
  14. ↑ Thor, G.; Vězda, A. (1984). "Einige neue oder bemerkenswerte Flechten mit gyalectoiden Apothecien von Nord-Indien und Nepal" (in de). Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 19 (1): 71–82. 
  15. ↑ Øvstedal, D.O.; Gremmen, N.J.M. (2001). "The lichens of Marion and Prince Edward Islands". South African Journal of Botany 67: 552–572. 
  16. ↑ Aptroot, André; Sobreira, Priscylla Nayara Bezerra; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2015). "A remarkable new Ramonia (Gyalectaceae) from Brazil, with a key to the species". The Lichenologist 47 (1): 21–29. doi:10.1017/S0024282914000516. 
  17. ↑ Lendemer, J.C.; Harris, R.C. (2008). "Ramonia vermispora, a new species from the Sonoran Desert Region of Southwestern North America". Opuscula Philolichenum 5: 83–88. 

Wikidata ☰ Q7289958 entry



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