Biology:Ribes triste

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Short description: Berry and plant

Ribes triste
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Grossulariaceae
Genus: Ribes
Species:
R. triste
Binomial name
Ribes triste
Pall. 1797 not Turcz. 1837
Synonyms[1]
  • Coreosma tristis (Pall.) Lunell
  • Ribes albinervium Michx.
  • Ribes ciliosum Howell
  • Ribes melancholicum Siev. ex Pall.
  • Ribes propinquum Turcz.
  • Ribes rubrum var. propinquum Trautv. & C.A. Mey.
  • Ribes repens A.I. Baranov

Ribes triste, known as the northern redcurrant,[2] swamp redcurrant, or wild redcurrant,[3] is an Asian and North American shrub in the gooseberry family.

Description

It grows to 50 centimetres (20 in) tall, with a lax, often creeping branches. The leaves are alternate, 6–10 cm (2 1⁄4–4 in) across, hairy below, and palmate with 3–5 lobes.[4]

From June to July, 6–13 small, purplish flowers are displayed in pendulous racemes, 4–7 cm (1 1⁄2–2 3⁄4 in) long. The axis of the raceme is glandular. The fruit is a bright red berry, without the hairs that some currants have; it is rather sour.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Ribes triste is widespread across Canada and the northern United States, as well as in eastern Asia (Russia, China, Korea, Japan).[6][7] It grows in wet rocky woods, swamps, and cliffs.[4]

As a weed

Ribes is listed a plant pest in Michigan and the planting of it in certain parts of the state is prohibited.[8]

Conservation

It is listed as endangered in Connecticut[9] and Ohio, and as threatened in Pennsylvania.[8]

Uses

Culinary

The berries are edible.[4] Alaska Natives eat them raw and make them into jam and jellies.[10] Eskimos eat the berries[11] and the Inupiat eat them raw or cooked, mix them with other berries which are used to make a traditional dessert. They also mix the berries with rosehips and highbush cranberries and boil them into a syrup.[12] The Iroquois mash the fruit, make them into small cakes, and store them for future use. They later soak the fruit cakes in warm water and cooked them a sauce or mixed them with corn bread. They also sun dry or fire dry the raw or cooked fruit for future use and take the dried fruit with them as a hunting food.[13] The Ojibwe eat the berries raw, and also preserve them by cooking them, spreading them on birch bark into little cakes, which are dried and stored for winter use.[14] In the winter, they often eat the berries with cooked sweet corn. They also use the berries to make jams and preserves.[15] The Upper Tanana eat the berries as food.[16]

Medicinal

The Ojibwe take a decoction of the root and stalk for kidney stones ('gravel')[17] and a compound decoction of the stalk to curtail menstruation;[18] the leaves are used as a 'female remedy'.[19] The Upper Tanana use a decoction of the stems without the bark as a wash for sore eyes.[16]

References

  1. ↑ "Ribes triste". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-29100053. 
  2. ↑ Ulev, Elena D. (2006), Ribes triste, US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/ribtri/all.html 
  3. ↑ "Ribes triste Pall., swamp red currant, wild red currant". Natural Resources Canada. http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/ph_spp_intro.pl?speciesid=1004269%20planthardiness.gc.ca. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Turner, Mark; Kuhlmann, Ellen (2014). Trees & Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest (1st ed.). Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 211. ISBN 978-1-60469-263-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=VLbAAwAAQBAJ. 
  5. ↑ Morin, Nancy R. (2009), "Ribes triste", in Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), 8, New York and Oxford, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200010196 
  6. ↑ "Ribes triste", State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) (Biota of North America Program (BONAP)), 2014, http://bonap.net/MapGallery/State/Ribes%20triste.png 
  7. ↑ Lu, Lingdi; Alexander, Crinan, "Ribes triste", Flora of China, 8, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010196 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Ribes triste". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RITR. 
  9. ↑ "Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Plants". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Endangered-Species/Endangered-Species-Listings/Endangered-Threatened--Special-Concern-Plants.  (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  10. ↑ Heller, Christine A. (1953). Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska. University of Alaska. p. 87. 
  11. ↑ Anderson, J. P. (1939). "Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska". American Journal of Botany 26 (9): 715. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1939.tb09343.x. 
  12. ↑ Jones, Anore (1983). Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat. Kotzebue, Alaska: Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program. p. 105. 
  13. ↑ Waugh, F. W. (1916). Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation. Ottawa: Canada Department of Mines. p. 128. 
  14. ↑ Densmore 1928, p. 321.
  15. ↑ Smith 1932, p. 410.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Kari 1985, p. 11.
  17. ↑ Densmore 1928, p. 348.
  18. ↑ Densmore 1928, p. 358.
  19. ↑ Smith 1932, p. 389.

Bibliography

  • Densmore, Frances (1928). "Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians". SI-BAE Annual Report 44. 
  • Smith, Huron H. (1932). "Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians". Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4. 
  • Kari, Priscilla Russe (1985). Upper Tanana Ethnobotany. Anchorage: Alaska Historical Commission. 

Wikidata ☰ Q2078310 entry



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