Biology:Salinibacter ruber
| Salinibacter ruber | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | Rhodothermia
|
| Order: | Rhodothermales
|
| Family: | Salinibacteraceae
|
| Genus: | Salinibacter
|
| Species: | S. ruber
|
| Binomial name | |
| Salinibacter ruber Antón et al., 2002
| |
Salinibacter ruber is an extremely halophilic red bacterium, first found in Spain in 2002.
Habitat
Salinibacter ruber was found in saltern crystallizer ponds in Alicante and Mallorca, Spain in 2002 by Antón et al. This environment has very high salt concentrations, and Salinibacter ruber itself cannot grow at below 15% salt concentration, with an ideal concentration between 20 and 30%.[1] It has also been found in pink lakes in Australia.[2][3]
This bacterium is notable for its halophilic lifestyle, a trait exhibited primarily by members of Archaea. In general, bacteria do not play a large role in microbial communities of hypersaline brines at or approaching NaCl saturation. However, with the discovery of S. ruber, this belief was challenged. It was found that S. ruber made up from 5% to 25% of the total prokaryotic community of the Spanish saltern ponds.[1]
Taxonomy
Salinibacter ruber is most closely related to the genus Rhodothermus which is a thermophilic, slightly halophilic bacterium. Though genetically it is considered to be closest to the Rhodothermus genus, it is most comparable to the family Halobacteriaceae, because of similarity in protein structure.[1] It is red-pigmented, motile, rod-shaped, and extremely halophilic. The type strain is strain M31T(= DSM 13855T = CECT 5946T).
Characteristics
In a 2015 study conducted by researchers led by molecular biologist Ken McGrath at Lake Hillier, Western Australia, showed that, while the algae Dunaliella salina, formerly thought to create the color in this pink lake, was present in only tiny quantities (0.1% of DNA sampled), while S. ruber formed 20[2] to 33%[4][5][3][lower-alpha 1] of the DNA recovered from the lake.[2]
Salinibacter ruber produces a pigment called bacterioruberin, which helps it to trap and use light for energy in the photosynthesis process. While the pigments in algae are contained within the chloroplasts, bacterioruberin is spread across the whole cell of the bacterium. This makes it more likely that the colour of the lake is that of S. ruber.[3]
Footnotes
- ↑ Conflicting reports of percentage.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Antón J; Oren A; Benlloch S; Rodríguez-Valera F; Amann R; Rosselló-Mora R (March 2002). "Salinibacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel, extremely halophilic member of the Bacteria from saltern crystallizer ponds". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52 (Pt 2): 485–91. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-2-485. PMID 11931160. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11931160. Retrieved 2013-07-24.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Salleh, Anna (4 January 2022). "Why Australia has so many pink lakes and why some of them are losing their colour". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-01-05/pink-lakes-why-does-australia-have-so-many/100664354.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cassella, Carly (13 December 2016). "How an Australian lake turned bubble-gum pink". https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/science-environment/2016/12/australias-pink-lakes/.
- ↑ "Here's the Real Reason Why Australia Has Bubblegum Pink Lakes". 24 December 2019. https://www.discovery.com/science/Australia-Bubblegum-Pink-Lakes.
- ↑ "Why is Pink Lake on Middle Island, off the coast of Esperance, pink?". 18 January 2021. https://www.australiasgoldenoutback.com/whyispinklakehillierpink.
Further reading
- Mongodin, E. F. (2005). "The genome of Salinibacter ruber: Convergence and gene exchange among hyperhalophilic bacteria and archaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (50): 18147–18152. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509073102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 16330755. Bibcode: 2005PNAS..10218147M.
- Brochier-Armanet, Celine; Antón, Josefa; Lucio, Marianna; Peña, Arantxa; Cifuentes, Ana; Brito-Echeverría, Jocelyn; Moritz, Franco; Tziotis, Dimitrios et al. (2013). "High Metabolomic Microdiversity within Co-Occurring Isolates of the Extremely Halophilic Bacterium Salinibacter ruber". PLOS ONE 8 (5): e64701. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064701. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 23741374. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...864701A.
- Oren, Aharon; Mana, Lili (2003). "Sugar metabolism in the extremely halophilic bacterium Salinibacter ruber". FEMS Microbiology Letters 223 (1): 83–87. doi:10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00345-8. ISSN 0378-1097. PMID 12799004.
- Sher, Jonathan; Elevi, Rahel; Mana, Lily; Oren, Aharon (2004). "Glycerol metabolism in the extremely halophilic bacterium Salinibacter ruber". FEMS Microbiology Letters 232 (2): 211–215. doi:10.1016/S0378-1097(04)00077-1. ISSN 0378-1097. PMID 15033241.
- Pašić, Lejla; Rodriguez-Mueller, Beltran; Martin-Cuadrado, Ana-Belen; Mira, Alex; Rohwer, Forest; Rodriguez-Valera, Francisco (2009). "Metagenomic islands of hyperhalophiles: the case of Salinibacter ruber". BMC Genomics 10 (1): 570. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-570. ISSN 1471-2164. PMID 19951421.
External links
- "Salinibacter ruber at Microbe Wiki". https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Salinibacter_ruber.
- Type strain of Salinibacter ruber at BacDive – the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Wikidata ☰ Q12859591 entry
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