Biology:Salmoniformes

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Salmoniformes (/sælˈmɒnɪfɔːrmiːz/, lit. "salmon-shaped") is an order of ray-finned fishes native to the temperate and subarctic Northern Hemisphere.[1] It contains two suborders: Salmonoidei (containing only the Salmonidae) and Esocoidei (containing pikes and mudminnows).[1] In addition, potential fossil members of the group, dating back to the Late Cretaceous, are also known from Europe and Africa.[2] Both large-sized members of this order (Salmonidae and Esocidae) are important food and sport fish of the Northern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

The relationship between salmons, pikes, and mudminnows has long been well-attested based on phylogenetic and morphological studies, and all three groups were long placed in the Salmoniformes.[3] In the early 21st century, pikes and mudminnows were split from the Salmoniformes and placed into their own order, Esociformes.[4] However, as recent studies have reaffirmed their close relationship, more recent taxonomic authorities again place the Esociformes as a group within the Salmoniformes (Esocoidei).[1][2]

The following classification is based on Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes:[1]

The following fossil taxa are also considered much more basal members of this order:[2]

  • †Barcarenichthys Gayet, 1989 (Cenomanian of Portugal)
  • †Kermichthys Taverne, 1992 (Cenomanian of Morocco)[5]
  • †Pyrenichthys Gayet & Lepicard, 1985 (Maastrichtian of France)[6]
  • ?†Stompooria Anderson, 1998 (potentially a galaxiiform)[7] (Maastrichtian of South Africa)

Indeterminate potential salmoniform remains are known from Santonian-aged freshwater deposits of Hungary.[8]

In the past, other euteleost fish such as the smelts or tubeshoulders were also placed within this order,[9][10] but such a placement is now known to be inaccurate.[1] Phylogenetic studies generally recover either the Argentiniformes or the Galaxiiformes as the closest relatives of the Salmoniformes.[1][2][4]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION" (in en). https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Near, Thomas J.; Thacker, Christine E. (2024-04-18). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 65 (1): 101. doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. ISSN 0079-032X. Bibcode: 2024BPMNH..65..101N. https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-65/issue-1/014.065.0101/Phylogenetic-Classification-of-Living-and-Fossil-Ray-Finned-Fishes-Actinopterygii/10.3374/014.065.0101.full. 
  3. ↑ Wilson, Mark V. H.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Neuman, Andrew G. (1992). "Cretaceous Esocoidei (Teleostei): early radiation of the pikes in North American fresh waters" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 66 (5): 839–846. doi:10.1017/S0022336000020849. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 1992JPal...66..839W. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/cretaceous-esocoidei-teleostei-early-radiation-of-the-pikes-in-north-american-fresh-waters/1886085B088AD3F7381EF8047E0A3835. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; Ortí, Guillermo (2017-07-06). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes" (in en). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 28683774. Bibcode: 2017BMCEE..17..162B. 
  5. ↑ Fielitz, Christopher (2002). "A new Late Cretaceous (Turonian) basal euteleostean fish from Lac des Bois of the Northwest Territories of Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39 (11): 1579–1590. doi:10.1139/e02-061. ISSN 0008-4077. Bibcode: 2002CaJES..39.1579F. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/e02-061. 
  6. ↑ GAYET, M; LEPICARD, B. (1985). "Salmoniforme nouveau du Maastrichtien supérieur des Petites Pyrénées (Haute-Garonne, France): Pyrenichthys jauzaci nov. gen. nov. sp". Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Section C, Sciences de la terre, paléontologie, géologie, minéralogie 7 (2): 131–141. ISSN 0181-0642. https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=8417686. 
  7. ↑ Anderson, M. Eric. "A late Cretaceous (Maasteichtian) Galaxiid fish from South Africa" (in English). Special Publication (60): 1–8. ISSN 0075-2088. http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?fs98001. 
  8. ↑ Szabó, Márton; Ősi, Attila (2017-09-01). "The continental fish fauna of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Iharkút locality (Bakony Mountains, Hungary)" (in en-US). Central European Geology 60 (2): 230–287. doi:10.1556/24.60.2017.009. ISSN 1789-3348. Bibcode: 2017CEJGl..60..230S. https://akjournals.com/view/journals/24/60/2/article-p230.xml. 
  9. ↑ McDowall, R. M. (1976). "Fishes of the family Prototroctidae (Salmoniformes)" (in en). Marine and Freshwater Research 27 (4): 641–659. doi:10.1071/mf9760641. ISSN 1448-6059. Bibcode: 1976MFRes..27..641M. https://www.publish.csiro.au/mf/mf9760641. 
  10. ↑ Matsui, Tetsuo; Rosenblatt, Richard H. (1987). "Review of the Deep-Sea Fish Family Platytroctidae (Pisces: Salmoniformes)" (in en). Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (26). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/35v4k0ks. 

Wikidata ☰ Q9394365 entry



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