Biology:Schaereria serenior
| Schaereria serenior | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Schaereriales |
| Family: | Schaereriaceae |
| Genus: | Schaereria |
| Species: | S. serenior
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| Binomial name | |
| Schaereria serenior (Vain.) Vitik. (2004)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Schaereria serenior is a little-known species of saxicolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Schaereriaceae.[2] It is found in Finland. It has been listed as data deficient in the Finnish Regional Red List since 2000.[3] It also occurs in Lycksele, Sweden.[4]
Taxonomy
The lichen was first formally described as a new species by the Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio, who classified it as a variety of the species Lecidea tenebrosa. In his original description published in 1883, Vainio named it Lecidea tenebrosa var. serenior and noted its distinctive features, including a thallus that turns slightly violet with iodine, initially innate apothecia (fruiting bodies) that become elevated, brownish-black colouration, and a "beautifully" blue-violet [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. He documented its habitat on granitic rock in Lake Inari in the pine forest region of Lapland. Vainio also provided several measurements to document microscopic characteristics of the lichen.[5]
Auguste-Marie Hue promoted the taxon to distinct species status in 1913 as Lecidea serenior.[6] Alexander Zahlbruckner proposed to transfer it to the genus Caloplaca in 1931.[7] Most recently, Orvo Vitikainen transferred it to Schaereria in 2004,[8] a few years after that genus had been resurrected from a long period of disuse.[9] It is one of two species of Schaereria found in Finland; the other is S. parasemella.[10]
Description
Schaereria serenior is a crustose lichen with several typical physical characteristics. The thallus (the main body of the lichen) is moderately thick to relatively thick, with a warty or warty-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] surface texture. These warts are typically 0.4–0.5 mm wide (though they can range from 0.2–0.7 mm), and appear either well-defined or somewhat flattened and convex. The warts have a smooth surface, appearing ash-colored, and are scattered over a black [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (the underlying layer). These warts tend to be either dispersed or somewhat contiguous, and notably lack soredia (powdery reproductive structures).[11]
The apothecia (reproductive structures) are initially embedded within the thallus warts for some time, eventually emerging with [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] characteristics. They measure 0.5–1 mm in width, with a flat, black, naked, opaque [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. The apothecia have a permanent, black, naked, thin margin that often protrudes slightly and remains intact.[11]
Internally, the lichen has a colourless to pale [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (the tissue beneath the spore-producing layer) with erect hyphae. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (the upper layer of the spore-producing structure) is violet-brown to sooty coloured. The paraphyses (sterile filaments between spore-producing cells) are loosely connected. The asci (spore-producing cells) are cylindrical to cylindrical-club shaped. Each ascus produces eight [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] arranged in two rows. The spores are ellipsoid to somewhat spherical, measuring 7–12 μm in length and 5–8 μm in thickness.[11]
References
- ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Schaereria serenior (Vain.) Vitik., in Santesson, Moberg, Nordin, Tønsberg & Vitikainen, Lichen-Forming and Lichenicolous Fungi of Fennoscandia: 304 (2004)". Species Fungorum. https://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=365904.
- ↑ "Schaereria serenior (Vain.) Vitik.". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4V63G.
- ↑ "Schaereria serenior" (in fi). Finnish Biodiversity Info Facility. 1980-01-01. https://laji.fi/en/taxon/MX.66501?showTree=true.
- ↑ Westberg, Martin; Moberg, R.; Myrdal, M.; Nordin, A.; Ekman, S. (2021). Santesson's Checklist of Fennoscandian Lichen-Forming and Lichenicolous Fungi. Uppsala: Evolutionsmuseet. p. 523. ISBN 978-91-519-9881-7.
- ↑ Vainio, E.A. (1883). "Adjumenta ad lichenographiam Lapponiae Fennicae atque Fenniae borealis. II" (in la). Meddelanden af Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 10: 89–88. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10209761.
- ↑ Hue, A. (1913). "Lichenes morphologice et anatomice disposuit" (in fr). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle 3: 133–198.
- ↑ Zahlbruckner, A. (1931) (in la). Catalogus Lichenum Universalis. 7. Leipzig: Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger. p. 182. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/40369/0182.htm.
- ↑ Santesson, R.; Moberg, R.; Nordin, A.; Tønsberg, T.; Vitikainen, O. (2004). Lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Fennoscandia. Svenska Botaniska Föreningen. Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University. p. 304. ISBN 91-972863-6-2.
- ↑ Poelt, Josef; Vězda, Antonín (1977) (in de). Bestimmungsschlüssel europäischer Flechten. Ergänzungsheft 1.. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 9. J. Cramer. pp. 1–258. ISBN 978-3-7682-1162-8.
- ↑ Pykälä, Juha; Lommi, Sampsa (2021). "Lichen flora of Finland – short history of Finnish lichenology and updated species statistics". Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 97: 73–88. https://journal.fi/msff/article/view/112261.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Vainio, Edvard August (1934). "Lichenographia Fennica IV. Lecideales 2" (in la). Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 57 (2): 249–250. https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/15819/1934ActasocFFF572.pdf?sequence=1.
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