Biology:Siphula

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Siphula is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Icmadophilaceae. The widespread genus was circumscribed by the Swedish mycologist Elias Fries in 1831.[1]

Description

The genus Siphula includes lichens with a shrubby, upright thallus (the lichen body) that is sparsely branched and has a whitish appearance. The outer surface, or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], is [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], meaning it consists of densely packed cells resembling plant parenchyma (common plant tissue). Siphula species partner with [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] algae, a type of green algae that supplies the lichen with energy through photosynthesis.[2]

Inside the thallus, the medulla (inner tissue layer) is compact and has fungal filaments (hyphae) that are generally aligned in a longitudinal direction. No reproductive structures, such as apothecia (spore-producing bodies) or conidiomata (asexual spore-producing bodies), have been observed to occur in this genus.[2]

Chemically, Siphula lichens contain various compounds including p- and m-depsides, dibenzofurans, and chromones, such as the compound siphulin.[2]

Habitat and distribution

Siphula species are found growing on peaty soils and on acid-leached bark in temperate rainforests as well as in wet alpine environments. This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring across various regions worldwide.[2]

Species

As of October 2024, Species Fungorum accepts 22 species of Siphula:[3]

Siphula coriacea
  • Siphula australiensis Kantvilas (2004)[4]
  • Siphula capensis Kantvilas (2023)[5]
  • Siphula ceratites (Wahlenb.) Fr. (1831)[1]
  • Siphula chimantensis V.Marcano (2021)[6]
  • Siphula coriacea Taylor ex Nyl. (1860)[7]
  • Siphula crittendenii Kantvilas (2023)[5]
  • Siphula decumbens Nyl. (1888)[8]
  • Siphula dissoluta Nyl. (1888)[8]
  • Siphula fastigiata (Nyl.) Nyl. (1863)[9]
  • Siphula flavovirens Kantvilas, Zedda & Elix (2003)[10]
  • Siphula gracilis Kantvilas (1998)[11]
  • Siphula paramensis V.Marcano & L. Castillo (2021)[12]
  • Siphula parhamii Kantvilas (2004)[4]
  • Siphula pteruloides Nyl. (1859)[13]
  • Siphula subpteruloides V.Marcano (2021)[6]
  • Siphula subsimplex V.Marcano (2021)[6]
  • Siphula verrucigera (J.F.Gmel.) R.Sant. (1966)[14]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fries, E.M. (1831) (in Latin). Lichenographia Europaea Reformata. pp. 7, 406. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lambley, P.; Purvis, O.W. (2009). "Siphula Fr. (1831)". The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. London: British Lichen Society. p. 841. 
  3. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kantvilas, G. (2004). "New Australian species in the lichen genus Siphula Fr.". Austrobaileya 6 (4): 949–955. doi:10.5962/p.299704. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kantvilas, G. (2023). "Three new species of siphuloid lichens, with a first key to the genus Parasiphula". The Lichenologist 55 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1017/S0024282922000421. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Marcano, V. (2021). "The genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela". Phytotaxa 489 (1): 10–26. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.489.1.2. 
  7. ↑ Nylander, W. (1860) (in la). Synopsis Methodica Lichenum Omnium hucusque Cognitorum, Praemissa Introductione Lingua Gallica. 1. pp. 141–430. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Nylander, W. (1888) (in la). Lichenes Novae Zelandiae. Paris: Paul Schmidt. pp. 1–156. 
  9. ↑ Nylander, William (1863). "Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis ou enumeration des plantes de la Nouvelle-Grenade. Lichenes" (in la). Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique. 4 19: 286–382. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41640182. 
  10. ↑ Kantvilas, G.; Zedda, L.; Elix, J.A. (2003). "A remarkable new species of Siphula (lichenized fungi) from South Africa". Herzogia 16: 21–25. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215871449. 
  11. ↑ Kantvilas, G. (1998). "Studies on the lichen genus Siphula in Tasmania II. The S. decumbens group". Herzogia 13: 119–138. doi:10.1127/herzogia/13/1998/119. 
  12. ↑ Marcano, V.; Castillo, L. (2021). "Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, lichenized fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela". Phytotaxa 512 (3): 169–178. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.512.3.4. 
  13. ↑ Nylander, W.illiam (1859). "Lichenes in regionibus exoticis quibusdam vigentes exponit synopticis enumerationibus" (in la). Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique. 4 11: 205–264. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41585882. 
  14. ↑ Santesson, R. (1966). "On the typification of some lichen names published by Gmelin". Botaniska Notiser: 84. 

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Wikidata ☰ Q4351819 entry



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