Biology:Stenaelurillus brandbergensis
| Stenaelurillus brandbergensis | |
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| The related Stenaelurillus termitophagus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | Stenaelurillus |
| Species: | S. brandbergensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Stenaelurillus brandbergensis (Wesołowska, 2006)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Stenaelurillus brandbergensis, synonym Mashonarus brandbergensis, is a species of jumping spider in the genus Stenaelurillus that lives in Namibia. It was first described in 2006 by Wanda Wesołowska and placed in the genus Mashonarus but was moved to its current genus in 2018. The spider is medium-sized and black, with a cephalothorax between 1.7 and 2.0 mm (0.067 and 0.079 in) in length and an abdomen between 1.6 and 2.9 mm (0.063 and 0.114 in) long. It is distinguished from other members of the genus by having two broad white stripes that mark both the abdomen and carapace. The epigyne in the female also has shorter insemination ducts than the otherwise similar, though larger, Stenaelurillus guttatus.
Taxonomy
Mashonarus brandbergensis is a species of jumping spider that was first described by Wanda Wesołowska in 2006.[1] It is one of over 500 species identified by the Polish arachnologist.[2] It was initially placed in the genus Mashonarus, which had been created by Wesołowska and Meg S. Cumming in 2002.[3] The genus name was derived from Mashonaland, the area where it was first found.[4] The spiders in the genus were medium-sized, between 4.2 and 7.0 mm (0.17 and 0.28 in) in length, and were differentiated by their sexual organs. At the time, the species was seen as very similar to Stenaelurillus, particularly in the structure of the epigyne and the shield-like shape of and patterns on the abdomen.[5]
The species was moved to Stenaelurillus by Dmitri Logunov and Galina N. Azarkina in 2018.[6] Stenaelurillus had been first raised by Eugène Simon in 1885.[3] The genus name relates to the genus name Aelurillus, which itself derives from the Greek word for cat, with the addition of a Greek stem meaning narrow.[7] In 2017, it was grouped with nine other genera of jumping spiders under the name Aelurillines.[8] It has been placed in the subtribe Aelurillina in the tribe Aelurillini in the clade Saltafresia.[9] The species name is derived from the place where it was first found, the Brandberg Mountain.[10]
Description
The spider is medium-sized and generally similar to Stenaelurillus guttatus although smaller. The male has a cephalothorax that measures between 1.7 and 1.9 mm (0.067 and 0.075 in) in length and between 1.2 and 1.3 mm (0.047 and 0.051 in) in width. The pear-shaped carapace is black with white edges. The abdomen is oval, black and hairy, between 1.6 and 2.1 mm (0.063 and 0.083 in) long and 1.2 and 1.4 mm (0.047 and 0.055 in) wide. Both the abdomen and carapace have two wide stripes that go from front to back made of white hairs. Sometimes these are broken into three bands. This most distinguishes the species from Stenaelurillus guttatus and other members of the genus in Africa.[10] Only Stenaelurillus marusiki, found in Iran, has a similar design.[11] The eye field is black and is surrounded by long bristles. The spinnerets are long and yellow, and the legs are light brown. The pedipalps are small, dark brown or black with some small white hairs. The palpal bulb is elongated and the embolus is thin and hidden with only the tip visible.[10]
The female is similar to the male in shape but slightly larger. It has an cephalothorax 1.9 to 2.0 mm (0.075 to 0.079 in) long and 1.4 to 2.1 mm (0.055 to 0.083 in) wide and an abdomen that is between 1.8 and 2.9 in (46 and 74 mm) long and 1.4 to 2.2 mm (0.055 to 0.087 in) wide. The colouring is similar. The epigyne is small with lateral copulatory openings and very short insemination ducts.[10] Apart from the striped pattern, it is the very short insemination ducts that most distinguish the species from Stenaelurillus guttatus.[11]
Distribution
The species was first identified in the area around the Brandberg Mountain in Namibia.[12] It is endemic to the country.[13]
References
Citations
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 World Spider Catalog (2017). "Stenaelurillus brandbergensis (Wesolowska, 2006)". Natural History Museum. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/species/30668.
- ↑ Wiśniewski 2020, p. 6.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Logunov 2020, p. 202.
- ↑ Wesołowska & Cumming 2002, p. 165.
- ↑ Wesołowska & Cumming 2002, pp. 166–167.
- ↑ Logunov & Azarkina 2018, p. 46.
- ↑ Fernández-Rubio 2013, p. 125.
- ↑ Prószyński 2017, p. 95.
- ↑ Maddison 2015, p. 279.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Wesołowska 2006, p. 243.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Logunov & Azarkina 2018, p. 28.
- ↑ Logunov & Azarkina 2018, p. 31.
- ↑ Logunov & Azarkina 2018, p. 14.
Bibliography
- Fernández-Rubio, Fidel (2013). "La etimología de los nombres de las arañas (Araneae)" (in ES). Revista ibérica de Aracnología (22): 125–130. ISSN 1576-9518.
- Logunov, Dmitri V. (2020). "Further notes on the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885 from India (Araneae: Salticidae)". Zootaxa 4899 (1): 201–214. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.11. PMID 33756833.
- Logunov, Dmitri V.; Azarkina, Galina N. (2018). "Redefinition and partial revision of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae)". European Journal of Taxonomy (430): 1–126. doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.430.
- Maddison, Wayne P. (2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". The Journal of Arachnology 43 (3): 231–292. doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292.
- Prószyński, Jerzy (2017). "Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae)". Ecologica Montenegrina 12: 1–133. doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1.
- Wesołowska, Wanda (2006). "Jumping spiders from the Brandberg massif in Namibia (Araneae: Salticidae)". African Entomology 14: 225–256. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC32698.
- Wesołowska, Wanda (2014). "Further notes on the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Salticidae) in Africa with descriptions of eight new species". Zoosystema 36 (3): 595–622. doi:10.5252/z2014n3a3. http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.5252/z2014n3a3. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
- Wesołowska, Wanda; Cumming, Meg S. (2002). "Mashonarus guttatus, gen. and sp. n., the second termitivorous jumping spider from Africa (Araneae: Salticidae)". Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 165–170. https://www.britishspiders.org.uk/system/files/library/120403.pdf.
- Wiśniewski, Konrad (2020). "Over 40 years with jumping spiders: on the 70th birthday of Wanda Wesołowska". Zootaxa 4899 (1): 5–14. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.3. PMID 33756825.
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