Biology:Stropharia rugosoannulata
| Stropharia rugosoannulata | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Strophariaceae |
| Genus: | Stropharia |
| Species: | S. rugosoannulata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Stropharia rugosoannulata Farlow ex Murrill (1922)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Geophila rugosoannulata (Farl. ex Murrill) Kühner & Romagn. (1953) | |
| Stropharia rugosoannulata | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | gills on hymenium |
 | cap is convex or flat |
 | hymenium is adnate |
 | stipe has a ring |
 | spore print is purple-brown |
 | ecology is saprotrophic |
 | edibility: choice |
Stropharia rugosoannulata, commonly known as the wine cap,[2] wine-red stropharia,[3] wine cap stropharia, garden giant, burgundy mushroom, or king stropharia, is a species of agaric mushroom in the family Strophariaceae native to Europe and North America. It is regarded as a choice edible.
Etymology
The specific epithet, which means "wrinkled-ringed", is a reference to the wrinkled annulus of the fruiting body.[4]
Description
The mushroom can grow to 20 centimetres (8 inches) high with a reddish-brown convex to flattening cap up to 30 cm (12 in) across,[5] the size leading to another colloquial name godzilla mushroom.[6] The gills are typically adnate, initially pale, then grey and finally dark purple-brown in colour. The spore print is dark purple-brown to black.[3]
The firm flesh is white, as is the tall stem, which bears a wrinkled ring.[4]
Similar species
It can resemble some members of its genus, such as S. hornemannii, as well as Agaricus (the gills of which are usually more pink).[7][3]
Distribution and habitat
The species is found on wood chips across North America in summer and autumn.[7] It is also found in Europe, and has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand.
Ecology
A 2006 study, published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, found the species to have the ability to attack the nematode Panagrellus redivivus; the fungus produces unique spiny cells called acanthocytes, which are able to immobilise and digest the nematodes.[8]
Uses
Described as a very tasty edible mushroom by some authors,[3][9] it is easily cultivated on a medium similar to that on which it grows naturally. Antonio Carluccio recommends sautéeing them in butter or grilling them.[6]
References
- ↑ "Stropharia rugosoannulata Farl. ex Murrill 1922". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. https://www.mycobank.org/page/Name%20details%20page/26574.
- ↑ Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (September 1, 2024). Mushrooms of Cascadia: A Comprehensive Guide to Fungi of the Pacific Northwest. Humboldt County, CA: Backcountry Press. pp. 117. ISBN 9781941624197.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. pp. 378-79. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1. https://archive.org/details/arora-david-mushrooms-demystified-a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-fleshy-fungi-ten-speed-press-1986/page/378/mode/2up.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pacioni G (1981). Simon & Schusters Guide to Mushrooms. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-42849-7.
- ↑ Sisson, Liv; Vigus, Paula (2023). Fungi of Aotearoa: a curious forager's field guide. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books. pp. 138. ISBN 978-1-76104-787-9. OCLC on1372569849. https://www.worldcat.org/title/on1372569849.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Carluccio A (2003). The Complete Mushroom Book. Quadrille. ISBN 1-84400-040-0.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. pp. 688-689. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
- ↑ Hong Luo; Xuan Li; Guohong Li; Yanbo Pan; Keqin Zhang (2006). "Acanthocytes of Stropharia rugosoannulata Function as a Nematode-Attacking Device". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 (4): 2982–7. doi:10.1128/AEM.72.4.2982-2987.2006. PMID 16598005. Bibcode: 2006ApEnM..72.2982L.
- ↑ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
Further reading
- Zadrazil, Frantisek and Joachim Schliemann: "Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie und Anbautechnik von Stropharia rugosoannulata (Farlow ex Murr.)" in: Der Champignon Nr.163, March 1975
Wikidata ☰ Q1236980 entry
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