Biology:Synalissina

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Synalissina is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) cyanolichens (lichens with cyanobacteria as the photosynthetic partner) placed in the family Lichinellaceae. These tiny lichens form blackish, variable growths, ranging from small leaf-like patches to dwarf cushions, on calcareous and mineral-rich rocks in exposed to partially shaded locations. The genus was originally described by William Nylander in 1886 but fell into disuse until it was resurrected in 2024 following DNA studies that reorganised cyanolichen classification. It comprises nine species distributed across boreal to warm-temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

Synalissina was originally erected by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1886. Nylander placed the genus under his tribe "Collemei" and explained the name as referring to the "hormogonia-bearing gonidia" (i.e. the cyanobacterial photobiont); he included Synalissina intricata, transferring Arnold's Omphalaria intricata (which he had earlier treated under Synalissa), and cited records from Tyrol and Scotland.[1]

The name Synalissina was resurrected by María Prieto, Mats Wedin and Matthias Schultz in their 2024 study to accommodate a clade within the family Lichinellaceae that had previously been included in Lempholemma (the "Lempholemma botryosum group"). In their formal [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] they characterise Synalissina as a genus of Lichinellaceae with a Nostoc cyanobiont, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] apothecia ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] with a thick [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) that originate from [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] arising in a spheroid tangle of generative hyphae (i.e. thallus-internal initiation), and Peccania-type asci. They verified multiple new combinations in the genus and note the exclusive occurrence on rock.[2]

Description

Thalli of Synalissina are blackish (sometimes with a greyish "frosted" bloom, i.e. [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), very small and variable in form: from small foliose through small [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] to dwarf-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] cushions. They are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (lacking an outer [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) and [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (with [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] cells distributed throughout the thallus), with hyphae forming a loose network around chains of Nostoc; the thallus swells markedly when wet and attaches by [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] or a small [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. Some species develop terminal [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]; isidiose or phyllidiose outgrowths are rare. Fruiting bodies (apothecia) are small, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] or short-stalked at branch tips, zeorine (thick thalline margin with a thin [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]); the hymenium is iodine-positive (KOH/Lugol+ blue). Asci are Peccania-type and eight-spored; ascospores are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (non-septate). Pycnidia are immersed in the thallus to slightly elevated and produce small, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] to ellipsoid conidia. No secondary metabolites were detected by thin-layer chromatography.[2]

Habitat and distribution

Species of Synalissina are early colonisers of calcareous or mineral-rich rocks, on exposed through steep and somewhat shaded faces, including temporarily moist situations. The genus is reported as widely distributed across boreal to warm-temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [2]

Species

  • Synalissina botryosa (A.Massal.)[3] M.Schultz & M.Prieto (2024)
  • Synalissina cladodes (Tuck.)[4] M.Schultz & M.Prieto (2024)
  • Synalissina condensata (Arnold)[5] M.Schultz & M.Prieto (2024)
  • Synalissina degeliana (P.M.Jørg.)[6] M.Schultz & M.Prieto (2024)
  • Synalissina dispansa (H.Magn.)[7] M.Schultz & M.Prieto (2024)
  • Synalissina intricata (Arnold)[8] Nyl. (1886)
  • Synalissina intricatissima (J.Steiner) M.Schultz & M.Prieto (2024)
  • Synalissina isidiodes (Nyl. ex Arnold) M.Schultz & M.Prieto (2024)
  • Synalissina vesiculifera (Henssen)[9] M.Schultz & M.Prieto (2024)

References

  1. ↑ Nylander, W. (1885). "Addenda nova ad lichenographiam Europaean" (in la). Revue de botanique; bulletin mensuel de la Société Française de Botanique: 349. https://books.google.com/books?id=FjVMAAAAYAAJ&q=Synalissina&pg=PA349. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Prieto, M.; Wedin, M.; Schultz, M. (2024). "Phylogeny, evolution and a re-classification of the Lichinomycetes". Studies in Mycology 109: 595–655. doi:10.3114/sim.2024.109.09. PMID 39717657. 
  3. ↑ Massalongo, A. (1856). Miscellanea lichenologica. Verona–Milano: Giuseppe Civelli. p. 20. https://books.google.com/books?id=u8tAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA20. 
  4. ↑ Tuckerman, E. (1872). Genera Lichenum: An arrangement of the North America lichens. p. 89. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37918889. 
  5. ↑ Arnold, F. (1869). "Lichenologische Ausflüge in Tirol. IV. Der Schlern" (in de). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 19: 605–656 [655]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42911913. 
  6. ↑ Jørgensen, P.M. (1998). "A new species in the lichen genus Lempholemma from the Baltic islands". Graphis Scripta 9 (1): 5–6. https://nhm2.uio.no/botanisk/lav/Graphis/GS_9-1.pdf. 
  7. ↑ Magnusson, A.H. (1939). "New or otherwise interesting Swedish lichens X". Botaniska Notiser 1939: 302–314. 
  8. ↑ Arnold, F. (1869). "Lichenologische Fragmente V. Zwei Tage in Wessen" (in de). Flora 52: 251–255 [254]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58783. 
  9. ↑ Henssen, Aino (1969). "An interesting new species of Lempholemma from Canada". The Lichenologist 4 (2): 99–104. doi:10.1017/S0024282969000181. Bibcode: 1969ThLic...4...99H. 

Wikidata ☰ Q136457979 entry



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