Biology:Syndiniales
| Syndiniales | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota
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| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | Alveolata
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| Phylum: | |
| Class: | Syndiniophyceae
|
| Order: | Syndiniales Loeblich III, 1976
|
| Family | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
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The Syndiniales are an order of early branching dinoflagellates (also known as Marine Alveolates, "MALVs"), found as parasites of crustaceans, fish, algae, cnidarians, and protists (ciliates, radiolarians, other dinoflagellates).[1][2][3] The trophic form is often multinucleate, and ultimately divides to form motile spores, which have two flagella in typical dinoflagellate arrangement. They lack a theca and chloroplasts, and unlike all other orders, the nucleus is never a dinokaryon. A well-studied example is Amoebophrya, which is a parasite of other dinoflagellates and may play a part in ending red tides. Several MALV groups have been assigned to Syndiniales;[4] recent studies, however, show paraphyly of MALVs suggesting that only those groups that branch as sister to dinokaryotes ('core dinoflagellates') belong to Syndiniales.[3]
Taxonomy
- Class Syndiniophyceae Loeblich III, 1976 [Syndinea][5][6]
- Order Syndiniales Loeblich III 1976 [Coccidinales Chatton & Biecheler 1934]
- Family Hematodiniidae
- Genus Hematodinium Chatton & Poisson 1930
- Family Coccidiniaceae [Coccidinidae Chatton & Biecheler 1934]
- Genus Coccidinium Chatton & Biecheler 1934
- Family Euduboscquellidae Coats, Bachvaroff & Delwiche 2012
- Genus Euduboscquella Coats, Bachvaroff & Delwiche 2012
- Family Syndiniaceae Chatton 1920
- Genus Trypanodinium Chatton 1912
- Genus Merodinium Chatton 1923
- Genus Syndinium Chatton 1910 [Atelodinium Chatton 1920; Synhemidinium Chatton 1952 nom. illeg.; Solenodinium (Chatton 1923) Chatton 1952]
- Family Amoebophryaceae Cachon 1964 ex Loeblich III 1970 [Amoebophryidae]
- Genus Amoebophrya Koeppen 1894 [Hyalosaccus Koeppen 1899]
- Family Sphaeriparaceae Loeblich III 1970
- Genus Actinodinium Chatton & Hovasse 1937
- Genus Caryotoma Hollande 1953
- Genus Atlanticellodinium Cachon & Cachon-Enjumet 1965
- Genus Sphaeripara Poche 1911 [Lohmannia Neresheimer 1903 non Michael 1898; Lohmanella Neresheimer 1904 non Trouessart 1901; Neresheimeria Übel 1912]
- Family Hematodiniidae
- Order Syndiniales Loeblich III 1976 [Coccidinales Chatton & Biecheler 1934]
See also
References
- ↑ van den Hoek, C.; Mann, D. G.; Jahns, Hans Martin (1995). Algae: an Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–280. ISBN 0-521-31687-1.
- ↑ "Radiolaria associated with large diversity of marine alveolates". Protist 163 (5): 767–77. September 2012. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2012.04.004. PMID 22658831.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Single cell genomics of uncultured marine alveolates shows paraphyly of basal dinoflagellates". The ISME Journal 12 (1): 304–308. January 2018. doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.167. PMID 28994824.
- ↑ "Widespread occurrence and genetic diversity of marine parasitoids belonging to Syndiniales (Alveolata)". Environmental Microbiology 10 (12): 3349–65. December 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01731.x. PMID 18771501.
- ↑ "Molecular phylogeny of noctilucoid dinoflagellates (Noctilucales, Dinophyceae)". Protist 161 (3): 466–78. July 2010. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2009.12.005. PMID 20188628.
- ↑ Gómez F (2012). "A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata)". CICIMAR Oceánides 27 (1): 65–140. doi:10.37543/oceanides.v27i1.111. http://www.cicimar.ipn.mx/oacis/Medios/oceanides/P%20065%20Fernando%20Gomez.pdf.
Wikidata ☰ Q3781035 entry
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