Biology:Synergini
| Synergini | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Cynipidae |
| Subfamily: | Cynipinae |
| Tribe: | Synergini |
| Genera | |
| |
Synergini is a tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae.[1][2]
Genera
The following genera are generally accepted within Synergini:[3]
- Agastoroxenia[4]
- Lithosaphonecrus[5]
- Saphonecrus
- Rhoophilus[6]
- Synergus
- Ufo
All of these except Lithosaphonecrus and Rhoophilus are found in the eastern Palearctic realm.[3] Synergus has the greatest number of species in Synergini.[6]
A reworking of the entire Cynipidae family published in 2015 transferred three genera formerly included in Synergini to other tribes - Ceroptres to a tribe of its own (Ceroptresini), and Periclistus and Synophromorpha to Diastrophini.[7]
Gall use
Members of Synergini have lost the ability to create their own galls, and instead make use of galls left behind by other wasps. As a result, they are classified as inquilines.[8] Species in Synergini usually make use of galls made by wasps in tribe Cynipini.[6]
References
- ↑ "A New Inquiline Species of Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) Associated with Cecidomyiid Galls on Oak Trees in Japan" (in en). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 104 (3): 369–373. 2011-05-01. doi:10.1603/an10187. ISSN 0013-8746.
- ↑ Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson; Santos, Jean Carlos (2014-06-26). Neotropical Insect Galls. Springer. pp. 467. ISBN 9789401787833. https://books.google.com/books?id=YwjnAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA467.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "A New Species of Inquiline Cynipid of the Genus Ufo Melika & Pujade-Villar, 2005 from Korea (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini)". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 10 (3): 197–200. 2007-09-01. doi:10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60353-2. ISSN 1226-8615.
- ↑ "Agastoroxenia panamensis, a New Genus and Species of Inquiline Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) of the Neotropics". Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103 (4): 492–499. 1 July 2010. doi:10.1603/AN09148.
- ↑ "New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Saphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic, with a re-appraisal of known species world-wide". Zootaxa 4054: 1–84. December 2015. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4054.1.1. PMID 26701460.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (1): 210–25. April 2010. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.004. PMID 20004727. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9524/1/AcsN009524PP.pdf.
- ↑ "Phylogeny, evolution and classification of gall wasps: the plot thickens". PLOS ONE 10 (5): e0123301. 2015-05-20. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123301. PMID 25993346. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1023301R.
- ↑ Melika G, Ros-Farré P, Pénzes Z, Ács Z, Pujade-Villar J 2005. Ufo abei Melika et Pujade-Villar (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) new genus and new species from Japan. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4), 313–327.
Wikidata ☰ Q21029952 entry
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