Biology:Thelotrema

From HandWiki
Short description: Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Thelotrema
Thelotrema lepadinum
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Graphidales
Family: Graphidaceae
Genus: Thelotrema
Ach. (1803)
Type species
Thelotrema lepadinum
(Ach.) Ach. (1803)

Thelotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae,[1] the family to which all taxa in the former Thelotremataceae[2] now belong.

Members of the genus Thelotrema are commonly called barnacle lichens.[3][4]

Description

Thelotrema lichens have a thallus with colours ranging from white to yellow-grey or light olive. The texture of the thallus can be smooth, uneven, or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], with the presence of either an [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] surface or a loosely to rarely dense [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|proso-]] to [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] cortex. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] and medulla frequently contain clusters of calcium oxalate crystals.[5]

The apothecia can be immersed or sessile and appear rounded or angular-rounded. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is partially covered by remnants of the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], while the margin can be entire, undulate, or fissured, displaying a distinct double margin. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is absent in this genus. The excipulum is paraplectenchymatous, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|uncarbonized]], and varies in colour from colourless to brown. It has distinct [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], and the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are unbranched.[5]

Thelotrema [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are transversely septate to [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], fusiform-ellipsoid to oblong-cylindrical, and feature thin to thick septa with angular to rounded [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. The outer wall of the spores is often thick, and the spores may be colourless or brown. They can display weak to strong violet-blue amyloid reactions. The secondary chemistry of Thelotrema lichens generally includes stictic acid or norstictic acid or closely related compounds, with hypoprotocetraric acid appearing rarely.[5]

Species

As of December 2022, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 165 species of Thelotrema.[6]

  • Thelotrema adjectum Nyl. (1866)[7]
  • Thelotrema africanum (Hale) Hale (1980)
  • Thelotrema ahtii Sipman (1994)[8]
  • Thelotrema albidopallens Nyl. (1873)[9]
  • Thelotrema allosporoides Nyl. (1873)[9]
  • Thelotrema amabilis B.de Lesd. (1927)[10]
  • Thelotrema amazonicum Rivas Plata & Lücking (2012)[11]
  • Thelotrema armellense Patw., Sethy & Nagarkar (1986)[12]
  • Thelotrema attenuatum (C.Knight) Hellb. (1896)
  • Thelotrema australiense Müll.Arg. (1887)[13]
  • Thelotrema berendsohnii Sipman (2014)[14]
  • Thelotrema berkeleyanum (Mont.) Brusse (1988)
  • Thelotrema bicuspidatum Müll.Arg. (1891)[15]
  • Thelotrema biliranum Vain. (1921)[16]
  • Thelotrema byssoideum (Kremp.) G.Salisb. (1966)
  • Thelotrema californicum Tuck. (1877)[17]
  • Thelotrema cameroonense C.W.Dodge (1953)[18]
  • Thelotrema canarense Patw. & C.R.Kulk. (1977)[19]
  • Thelotrema canescens Tat.Matsumoto (2000)[20]
  • Thelotrema capense Zahlbr. (1932)[21]
  • Thelotrema capetribulense Mangold (2008)[22]
  • Thelotrema catastictum Tuck. (1866)[23]
  • Thelotrema cinerellum Müll.Arg. (1891)[24]
  • Thelotrema cinereovirens Kremp. (1875)[25]
  • Thelotrema colobicum Nyl. (1873)[9]
  • Thelotrema conferendum Hale (1975)[26]
  • Thelotrema confertum Nagarkar, Sethy & Patw. (1987)[27]
  • Thelotrema configuratum (Hale) Mangold (2016)
  • Thelotrema crassisporum Mangold (2009)[28]
  • Thelotrema crateriforme Bél. (1834)
  • Thelotrema crespoae Mangold, Elix & Lumbsch (2008)[22]
  • Thelotrema cubanum Tuck. (1862)[29]
  • Thelotrema cyphelloides Müll.Arg. (1895)[30]
  • Thelotrema defectum Hale ex R.C.Harris (1990)
  • Thelotrema defossum (Müll.Arg.) Mangold (2008)
  • Thelotrema demersum (Müll.Arg.) G.Salisb. (1978)
  • Thelotrema demissum Flot. (1842)
  • Thelotrema depressum Mont. (1851)[31]
  • Thelotrema dignitosum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. (1923)
  • Thelotrema dislaceratum Kremp. (1875)[25]
  • Thelotrema dissultum Hale (1981)[32]
  • Thelotrema dominicanum Hale (1974)[33]
  • Thelotrema elmeri Vain. (1921)[16]
  • Thelotrema endoxanthum Müll.Arg. (1891)[15]
  • Thelotrema eungellaense Mangold, Elix & Lumbsch (2007)[34]
  • Thelotrema euphorbiae Frisch (2006)[35]
  • Thelotrema expansum C.Knight (1888)
  • Thelotrema exsertum (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1923)
  • Thelotrema farinaceum C.Knight (1883)[36]
  • Thelotrema fijiense Lumbsch, Lücking & Naikatini (2011)
  • Thelotrema fissiporum Hale (1974)[37]
  • Thelotrema flavescens Darb. (1912)[38]
  • Thelotrema floridense R.C.Harris (1990)
  • Thelotrema formosanum Zahlbr. (1933)[39]
  • Thelotrema foveolare Müll.Arg. (1891)[24]
  • Thelotrema fuscosubtile Mangold, Lücking & Lumbsch (2014)[40]
  • Thelotrema galactizans Harm. (1912)
  • Thelotrema gallowayanum Mangold, Elix & Lumbsch (2007)
  • Thelotrema gomezianum Lücking (2012)
  • Thelotrema granatum Kremp. (1875)
  • Thelotrema grossimarginatum Tat.Matsumoto (2000)
  • Thelotrema harmandii Pit. (1911)
  • Thelotrema hawaiiense (Hale) Hale (1980)
  • Thelotrema heladivense Weerakoon, Jayalal & Lücking (2015)
  • Thelotrema hnatiukii Sipman (2010)
  • Thelotrema hypomelaenum Müll.Arg. (1895)
  • Thelotrema hypoprotocetraricum (Hale) Hale (1980)
  • Thelotrema indicum Hale (1975)
  • Thelotrema infundibulare Tat.Matsumoto (2000)
  • Thelotrema inscalpens Nyl. (1867)
  • Thelotrema inspersoporinaceum Mangold, Lücking & Lumbsch (2014)
  • Thelotrema integrellum Harm. (1912)
  • Thelotrema isidiophorum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. (1923)
  • Thelotrema isidiosum S.Joshi, Upreti & Hur (2018)
  • Thelotrema jugale (Müll.Arg.) Lücking (2012)
  • Thelotrema kalakkadense Nagarkar, Sethy & Patw. (1987)
  • Thelotrema kalarense Sethy, Nagarkar & Patw. (1987)
  • Thelotrema kamatii (Patw. & C.R.Kulk.) Hale (1980)
  • Thelotrema kinabaluense Sipman (2014)
  • Thelotrema lacteum Kremp. (1864)
  • Thelotrema laurisilvae Lücking & Breuss (2012)
  • Thelotrema lecanodeum Nyl. (1876)
  • Thelotrema lepademersum Nagarkar, Sethy & Patw. (1987)
  • Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. (1803)
  • Thelotrema leprocarpoides Hale (1981)
  • Thelotrema leucocarpum Nyl. (1863)
  • Thelotrema leucocheilum Vain. (1921)
  • Thelotrema lirellizans Zahlbr. (1944)
  • Thelotrema lueckingii Breuss (2013)
  • Thelotrema macrosporum P.M.Jørg. & P.James (1995)
  • Thelotrema manosporum (C.Knight) Hellb. (1896)
  • Thelotrema marginatum Eschw. (1834)
  • Thelotrema megasporum S.Joshi, Upreti & Hur (2018)
  • Thelotrema meridense Hale (1975)
  • Thelotrema minarum Vain. (1890)
  • Thelotrema minisporum Wijey., Lücking & Lumbsch (2012)
  • Thelotrema mongkolsukii Homchant. & Coppins (2002)
  • Thelotrema monospermum R.C.Harris (1990)
  • Thelotrema monosporum Nyl. (1861)
  • Thelotrema murinum Zahlbr. (1933)
  • Thelotrema nipponicum Tat.Matsumoto (2000)
  • Thelotrema nostalgicum G.Salisb. (1972)
  • Thelotrema occlusum Nyl. (1867)
  • Thelotrema oleosum Mangold (2008)
  • Thelotrema osornense C.W.Dodge (1967)
  • Thelotrema paludosum Sipman (2014)
  • Thelotrema papillosum Hale (1974)[33]
  • Thelotrema parvisporum Sipman (2014)
  • Thelotrema parvizebrinum Mangold (2009)
  • Thelotrema patwardhanii (Hale) Rivas Plata & Mangold (2010)
  • Thelotrema pauperculum Vain. (1929)
  • Thelotrema perriei Papong, Lücking & Lumbsch (2014)
  • Thelotrema philippinum Rivas Plata, Sipman & Lücking (2014)
  • Thelotrema phliuense Homchant. & Coppins (2002)
  • Thelotrema pidurutalagalum Hale (1981)
  • Thelotrema piluliferum Tuck. (1868)
  • Thelotrema poeltii Patw. & C.R.Kulk. (1977)
  • Thelotrema polythecium Sethy, Nagarkar & Patw. (1987)
  • Thelotrema porinoides Mont. & Bosch (1856)
  • Thelotrema profundum (Stirt.) Shirley (1889)
  • Thelotrema pruinosum D.S.Clemente (1867)
  • Thelotrema pseudosimilans Weerakoon, Wijey. & Lumbsch (2012)
  • Thelotrema pseudosubtile Mangold (2008)
  • Thelotrema quitoense Fée (1837)
  • Thelotrema reunionis Kalb (2009)
  • Thelotrema rhamni-purshianae E.Senft (1897)
  • Thelotrema rhododiscum Homchant. & Coppins (2002)
  • Thelotrema rhodothecium Vain. (1915)
  • Thelotrema rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale (1980)
  • Thelotrema rugatulum Nyl. (1873)
  • Thelotrema samaranum Vain. (1921)
  • Thelotrema saxicola (Vain.) G. Salisb. (1972)
  • Thelotrema scabrosum Hale (1974)[37]
  • Thelotrema sendaiense Vain. (1918)
  • Thelotrema similans Nyl. (1890)
  • Thelotrema simplex Tuck. (1866)
  • Thelotrema sitianum Vain. (1890)
  • Thelotrema stenosporum Zahlbr. (1944)
  • Thelotrema stromatiferum Harm. (1912)
  • Thelotrema subadjectum Mangold (2009)
  • Thelotrema subexpallescens Nagarkar, Sethy & Patw. (1987)
  • Thelotrema subgeminum (Nyl.) Nyl. (1891)
  • Thelotrema subgranulosum Jatta (1911)
  • Thelotrema subhiatum Patw. & Nagarkar (1980)
  • Thelotrema submyriocarpum Lücking (2012)
  • Thelotrema suboccultum (Stirt.) Hellb. (1896)
  • Thelotrema subsphaerosporum Harm. (1912)
  • Thelotrema subweberi Sipman (1993)
  • Thelotrema suecicum (H.Magn.) P.James (1977)
  • Thelotrema tetrasporum (Stirt.) D.D.Awasthi (1965)
  • Thelotrema thesaurum Mangold (2009)
  • Thelotrema triseptatum Mangold (2009)
  • Thelotrema tristanense Øvstedal (2010)
  • Thelotrema trypethelioides C.Knight ex F.M.Bailey (1884)
  • Thelotrema umbonatum Müll.Arg. (1891)
  • Thelotrema umbratum (Ach.) Fée (1837)
  • Thelotrema velatum Müll.Arg. (1894)
  • Thelotrema verrucorugosum Nagarkar, Sethy & Patw. (1987)
  • Thelotrema verruculosum Nagarkar & Hale (1989)
  • Thelotrema weberi Hale (1974)[37]
  • Thelotrema wilsoniorum Sipman & Lücking (2012)
  • Thelotrema zenkeri C.W.Dodge (1964)
  • Thelotrema zimbabwense Frisch (2006)

References

  1. ↑ Mangold, Armin; Martín, María P.; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2008). "Molecular Phylogeny Suggests Synonymy of Thelotremataceae within Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Taxon 2: 476–486. 
  2. ↑ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet (Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany) 13: 1–58. http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp. 
  3. ↑ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Name Search
  4. ↑ Barnacle Lichen (Thelotrema), Encyclopedia of Life
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Sipman, Harrie J.M.; Lücking, Robert; Aptroot, André; Chaves, José Luis; Kalb, Klaus; Tenorio, Loengrin Umaña (2012). "A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica and adjacent areas: the thelotremoid Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Phytotaxa 55 (1): 1–214 [182]. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.55.1.1. 
  6. ↑ Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Thelotrema". Catalog of Life Version 2022-11-14. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/646LB. 
  7. ↑ Nylander, W. (1866). "Collectio lichenum ex insula Cuba" (in la). Flora (Regensburg) 49: 289–295. 
  8. ↑ Sipman, H.J.M. (1994). "New Graphidales (lichenized Ascomycotina) from the Guianas and nearby areas". Acta Botanica Fennica 150: 165–172. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Nylander, W. (1873). "Lichenes insularum Andaman" (in la). Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie 7: 162–182. 
  10. ↑ Bouly de Lesdain, M. (1927). "Notes lichénologiques. XXIII" (in fr). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 74 (3): 436–439. doi:10.1080/00378941.1927.10831484. 
  11. ↑ Rivas Plata, E.; Lücking, R. (2012). "High diversity of Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) in Amazonian Perú". Fungal Diversity 58: 13–32. 
  12. ↑ Patwardhan, P.G.; Sethy, P.K.; Nagarkar, M.B. (1985). "A contribution to our knowledge of the lichen family Thelotremataceae from South India". Biovigyanam 11 (2): 133–140. 
  13. ↑ Müller, J. (1887). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXV" (in la). Flora (Regensburg) 70 (4): 56–64. 
  14. ↑ Sipman, Harrie J.M. (2014). "New species of Graphidaceae from the Neotropics and Southeast Asia". Phytotaxa 189 (1): 289–311. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.21. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Müller, J. (1891). "Lichenes Brisbanenses a cl. F.M. Bailey, Government Botanist, prope Brisbane (Queensland) in Australia orientali lecti" (in la). Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano 23 (3): 385–404. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Vainio, E.A. (1921). "Lichenes insularum Philippinarum, III" (in la). Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae. Ser. A 15 (6): 1–368. 
  17. ↑ Tuckerman, E. (1877). "Observations on North American and other lichens. 4". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 12: 166–185. doi:10.2307/25138446. 
  18. ↑ Dodge, C.W. (1953). "Some lichens of tropical Africa". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 40 (4): 271–401. doi:10.2307/2394552. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16156725. 
  19. ↑ Patwardhan, P.G.; Kulkarni, C.R. (1977). "Some new taxa of the family Thelotremataceae from Western Ghats, SW India". Norwegian Journal of Botany 24: 127–131. 
  20. ↑ Matsumoto, T. (2000). "Taxonomic studies of the Thelotremataceae (Graphidales, lichenized Ascomycota) in Japan (1) Genus Thelotrema". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 88: 1–50. 
  21. ↑ Zahlbruckner, A. (1932). "Lichenes in Africa lecti". Annales de Cryptogamie Exotique 5 (3–4): 198–275. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Lumbsch, H.T.; Mangold, A.; Martin, M.P.; Elix, J.A. (2008). "Species recognition and phylogeny of Thelotrema species in Australia (Ostropales, Ascomycota)". Australian Systematic Botany 21 (3): 217–227. doi:10.1071/SB07049. 
  23. ↑ Tuckerman, E. (1864). "Observations on North American and other lichens". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 263–287. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Müller, J. (1891). "Lichenes Miyoshiani in Japonia a cl. Myoshi lecti et a cl. Professore Yatabe communicati" (in la). Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano 23: 120–131. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Krempelhuber, A. von (1875). "Lichenes quos legit O. Beccari in insulis Borneo et Singapore annis 1866 et 1867" (in la). Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano 7 (1): 5–67. 
  26. ↑ Hale, M.E. Jr. (1975). "Studies on the lichen family Thelotremataceae. 3". Mycotaxon 3 (1): 173–181. 
  27. ↑ Nagarkar, M.B.; Sethy, P.K.; Patwardhan, P.G. (1985). "A contribution to our knowledge of the lichen family Thelotremataceae from South India II". Kavaka 13 (2): 57–62. 
  28. ↑ Mangold, A.; Elix, J.A.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2009). "Thelotremataceae". Flora of Australia. 57. Australian Biological Resources Study/CSIRO Publishing. pp. 653–659. ISBN 978-0-643-09664-6. 
  29. ↑ Tuckerman, E. (1862). "Observations on North American and other lichens. 2". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 5: 383–422. doi:10.2307/20021278. 
  30. ↑ Müller, J. (1895). "Sertum Australiense s. species novae Australienses Thelotremearum, Graphidearum et Pyrenocarpearum" (in la). Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier 3: 313–327. 
  31. ↑ Montagne, J.P.F.C. (1851). "Cryptogamia Guyanensis seu plantarum cellularium in Guyana gallica annis 1835-1849 a cl. Leprieur collectarum enumeratio universalis" (in fr). Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 16: 47–81. 
  32. ↑ Hale, M.E. (1981). "A revision of the lichen family Thelotremataceae in Sri Lanka". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 8 (3): 227–232. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Hale, M.E. (1974). "Morden-Smithsonian Expedition to Dominica: The Lichens. (Thelotremataceae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 16 (16): 1–46. doi:10.5479/si.0081024X.16. 
  34. ↑ Mangold, A.; Elix, J.A.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2007). "The norstictic acid containing Thelotrema species in Australia". Bibliotheca Lichenologica 95: 459–470. 
  35. ↑ Frisch, A. (2006). "The lichen family Thelotremataceae in Africa". Bibliotheca Lichenologica 92: 3–370. 
  36. ↑ Knight, C. (1883). "On the Lichenographia of New Zealand". Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 15: 346–358. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Hale, M.E. (1974). "Studies on the lichen family Thelotremataceae. 2". Phytologia 27: 490–501. 
  38. ↑ Darbishire, O.V. (1912). "The lichens of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition". Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903 4 (2/no. 11): 1–73. 
  39. ↑ Zahlbruckner, A. (1933). "Flechten der Insel Formosa". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 33 (1–7): 22–68. doi:10.1002/fedr.19330330103. 
  40. ↑ Mangold, L.; Lücking, R.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2014). "New species of graphidoid and thelotremoid Graphidaceae from Australia". Phytotaxa 189: 180–188. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.13. 

Wikidata ☰ Q7781117 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Thelotrema&oldid=449846"