Biology:Trypethelium astroideum
| Trypethelium astroideum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Trypetheliales |
| Family: | Trypetheliaceae |
| Genus: | Trypethelium |
| Species: | T. astroideum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Trypethelium astroideum Flakus & Aptroot (2016)
| |
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| Holotype: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Bolivia | |
Trypethelium astroideum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae.[1] It was described as new to science by Adam Flakus and André Aptroot from material collected in lowland Bolivia.
Taxonomy
The species was described from a type specimen collected in 2009 in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, where it grew on trees in Moxos Savanna. Its name refers to the star-like appearance of its [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], created by the arrangement of the fruiting bodies. Trypethelium astroideum is most similar to T. subeluteriae but differs by having pseudostromata containing parietin (reacting K+ carmine red), an additional rust-red anthraquinone on the outside, partly fused ostioles, and larger, more septate ascospores.[2]
Description
The thallus is [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], with a cortex 40–80 μm thick. It is smooth to somewhat swollen ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), continuous, somewhat shiny, olive-green, up to 7 cm across, and about 0.5 mm thick. It induces swellings of the host bark but is not surrounded by a black [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]].[2]
The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are raised, irregular to star-like in outline, 1.0–1.5 × 1–3 mm and about 0.8 mm high, with sloping sides. Their surfaces are similar to or slightly paler than the thallus, bordered paler, and contain black ostiolar areas overlaid with rust-red pigment. Internally they contain orange granular pigment and parietin, embedded in bark tissue. The ascomata are pear-shaped ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), 0.3–0.6 mm in diameter, aggregated within the pseudostromata. Their walls are fully [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], not layered, and up to 100 μm wide. Ostioles are mostly fused, eccentric to apical, convex, and black, each surrounded by a rust-red pigmented spot that often forms a star-shaped pattern. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is clear. The asci contain eight spores each. The ascospores are colorless, spindle-shaped ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), with rounded ends, divided by 12–22 septa, and measure 65–100 × 11–14 μm. They have rounded [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] and no gelatinous sheath. Pycnidia have not been observed.[2]
The thallus surface is UV− and K−, and the medulla is K−. The pseudostromata surface is UV−, while the rust-red pigment near the ostioles reacts K+ purple (not dissolving). Inside the pseudostromata, the granular orange pigment reacts K+ carmine red (dissolving). Thin-layer chromatography detected parietin (minor) and an additional unidentified anthraquinone (trace).[2]
Habitat and distribution
Trypethelium astroideum grows on smooth bark of trees in lowland rainforest and in Moxos savannah. At the time of its original publication, it was known to occur only in Bolivia, where it has been collected in Santa Cruz and Pando Departments.[2]
References
- ↑ "Trypethelium astroideum Flakus & Aptroot". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/59FTR.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Flakus, Adam; Kukwa, Martin; Aptroot, André (2016). "Trypetheliaceae of Bolivia: an updated checklist with descriptions of twenty-four new species". The Lichenologist 48 (6): 661–692. doi:10.1017/s0024282915000559.
Wikidata ☰ Q108453278 entry
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