Biology:VA RNA
| VA RNA | |
|---|---|
 Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of VA | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | VA |
| Rfam | RF00102 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene |
| Domain(s) | Eukaryota; Viruses |
| SO | 0005836 |
| PDB structures | PDBe |
The VA (viral associated) RNA is a type of non-coding RNA found in adenovirus.[1][2] It plays a role in regulating translation.[3] There are two copies of this RNA called VAI or VA RNAI and VAII or VA RNAII. These two VA RNA genes are distinct genes in the adenovirus genome. VA RNAI is the major species with VA RNAII expressed at a lower level. Neither transcript is polyadenylated and both are transcribed by PolIII.
Function
VAI stimulates the translation of both early and late viral genes including E3 and hexon.[4] VAII does not stimulate translation. Transient transfection assays have shown that VAI-RNA increases the stability of ribosome-bound transcripts.[5]
VAI RNA is processed in the cell to create 22 nucleotide long RNAs that can act as siRNA or miRNA.[6] VAI RNA functions as a decoy RNA for the double stranded RNA activated protein kinase R which would otherwise phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2.
Structure
VA RNA is composed of two stem-loops separated by a central region essential for function.[7]
References
- ↑ Mathews, MB (1995). "Structure, function, and evolution of adenovirus virus-associated RNAs". Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 199: 173–187. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79499-5_7. ISBN 978-3-642-79501-5. PMID 7555067.
- ↑ Kidd, AH; Garwicz D; Oberg M (1995). "Human and simian adenoviruses: phylogenetic inferences from analysis of VA RNA genes". Virology 207 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1049. PMID 7871747.
- ↑ Thimmappaya, B; Weinberger C; Schneider RJ; Shenk T (1982). "Adenovirus VAI RNA is required for efficient translation of viral mRNAs at late times after infection". Cell 31 (3 Pt 2): 543–551. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90310-5. PMID 6297772.
- ↑ Svensson, C; Akusjarvi G (1984). "Adenovirus VA RNAI: a positive regulator of mRNA translation". Mol Cell Biol 4 (4): 736–742. doi:10.1128/mcb.4.4.736. PMID 6201722.
- ↑ Strijker, R; Fritz DT; Levinson AD (1989). "Adenovirus VAI-RNA regulates gene expression by controlling stability of ribosome-bound RNAs". EMBO J 8 (9): 2669–2675. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08407.x. PMID 2583126.
- ↑ "Sequence-specific interference by small RNAs derived from adenovirus VAI RNA". FEBS Lett. 580 (6): 1553–1564. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.085. PMID 16472808.
- ↑ Ma, Y; Mathews MB (1996). "Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VA RNA I". RNA 2 (9): 937–951. PMID 8809020.
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