Biology:VR-RNA
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In molecular biology, VR-RNA is a small RNA produced by Clostridium perfringens. It functions as a regulator of the two-component VirR/VirS system.[1][2] VR-RNA regulates numerous genes including:
- Toxin-encoding genes plc, colA and cpb2[3][4][5]
- Other virulence-related genes such as hyaluronidases and sialidase[6]
- Possible collagen adhesin gene (cna)[7]
- Extracellular nuclease, cadA[8]
- Enzymes such as Acid phosphatase, Heme oxygenase HemO and N-acetylglucosaminidases[9][10][11]
- Genes encoding transport proteins[12]
- Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism[13]
- Genes encoding transport proteins[14]
- Arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway genes[15]
- Genes involved in citrate metabolism[16]
VR-RNA regulates the toxin colA (collagenase) by base-pairing to colA mRNA, the 3′ end of VR-RNA base-pairs to a region in the 5′UTR of the colA mRNA. This induces cleavage of the colA mRNA in the 5′ UTR and leads to stabilisation of the mRNA and increased translation.[17]
See also
References
- ↑ Shimizu, T; Yaguchi, H; Ohtani, K; Banu, S; Hayashi, H (Jan 2002). "Clostridial VirR/VirS regulon involves a regulatory RNA molecule for expression of toxins.". Molecular Microbiology 43 (1): 257–265. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02743.x. PMID 11849553.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Kawsar, HI; Okumura, K; Hayashi, H; Shimizu, T (May 16, 2003). "The VirR/VirS regulatory cascade affects transcription of plasmid-encoded putative virulence genes in Clostridium perfringens strain 13.". FEMS Microbiology Letters 222 (1): 137–141. doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00255-6. PMID 12757957.
- ↑ Shimizu, T; Yaguchi, H; Ohtani, K; Banu, S; Hayashi, H (Jan 2002). "Clostridial VirR/VirS regulon involves a regulatory RNA molecule for expression of toxins.". Molecular Microbiology 43 (1): 257–265. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02743.x. PMID 11849553.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Kawsar, HI; Okumura, K; Hayashi, H; Shimizu, T (May 16, 2003). "The VirR/VirS regulatory cascade affects transcription of plasmid-encoded putative virulence genes in Clostridium perfringens strain 13.". FEMS Microbiology Letters 222 (1): 137–141. doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00255-6. PMID 12757957.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Hirakawa, H; Tashiro, K; Yoshizawa, S; Kuhara, S; Shimizu, T (Jun 2010). "Identification of a two-component VirR/VirS regulon in Clostridium perfringens.". Anaerobe 16 (3): 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.10.003. PMID 19835966.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Hirakawa, H; Tashiro, K; Yoshizawa, S; Kuhara, S; Shimizu, T (Jun 2010). "Identification of a two-component VirR/VirS regulon in Clostridium perfringens.". Anaerobe 16 (3): 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.10.003. PMID 19835966.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Kawsar, HI; Okumura, K; Hayashi, H; Shimizu, T (May 16, 2003). "The VirR/VirS regulatory cascade affects transcription of plasmid-encoded putative virulence genes in Clostridium perfringens strain 13.". FEMS Microbiology Letters 222 (1): 137–141. doi:10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00255-6. PMID 12757957.
- ↑ Okumura, K; Kawsar, HI; Shimizu, T; Ohta, T; Hayashi, H; Shimizu, T (Jan 15, 2005). "Identification and characterization of a cell-wall anchored DNase gene in Clostridium perfringens.". FEMS Microbiology Letters 242 (2): 281–285. doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2004.11.019. PMID 15621449.
- ↑ Wang, R; Ohtani, K; Wang, Y; Yuan, Y; Hassan, S; Shimizu, T (Jan 2010). "Genetic and biochemical analysis of a class C non-specific acid phosphatase (NSAP) of Clostridium perfringens.". Microbiology 156 (Pt 1): 167–173. doi:10.1099/mic.0.030395-0. PMID 19833778.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Hirakawa, H; Tashiro, K; Yoshizawa, S; Kuhara, S; Shimizu, T (Jun 2010). "Identification of a two-component VirR/VirS regulon in Clostridium perfringens.". Anaerobe 16 (3): 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.10.003. PMID 19835966.
- ↑ Hassan, S; Ohtani, K; Wang, R; Yuan, Y; Wang, Y; Yamaguchi, Y; Shimizu, T (Feb 2010). "Transcriptional regulation of hemO encoding heme oxygenase in Clostridium perfringens.". Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) 48 (1): 96–101. doi:10.1007/s12275-009-0384-3. PMID 20221736.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Hirakawa, H; Tashiro, K; Yoshizawa, S; Kuhara, S; Shimizu, T (Jun 2010). "Identification of a two-component VirR/VirS regulon in Clostridium perfringens.". Anaerobe 16 (3): 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.10.003. PMID 19835966.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Hirakawa, H; Tashiro, K; Yoshizawa, S; Kuhara, S; Shimizu, T (Jun 2010). "Identification of a two-component VirR/VirS regulon in Clostridium perfringens.". Anaerobe 16 (3): 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.10.003. PMID 19835966.
- ↑ Ohtani, K; Hirakawa, H; Tashiro, K; Yoshizawa, S; Kuhara, S; Shimizu, T (Jun 2010). "Identification of a two-component VirR/VirS regulon in Clostridium perfringens.". Anaerobe 16 (3): 258–264. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.10.003. PMID 19835966.
- ↑ Yuan, Y; Ohtani, K; Yoshizawa, S; Shimizu, T (Feb 2012). "Complex transcriptional regulation of citrate metabolism in Clostridium perfringens.". Anaerobe 18 (1): 48–54. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.09.004. PMID 21945821.
- ↑ Yuan, Y; Ohtani, K; Yoshizawa, S; Shimizu, T (Feb 2012). "Complex transcriptional regulation of citrate metabolism in Clostridium perfringens.". Anaerobe 18 (1): 48–54. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.09.004. PMID 21945821.
- ↑ Obana, N; Shirahama, Y; Abe, K; Nakamura, K (Sep 2010). "Stabilization of Clostridium perfringens collagenase mRNA by VR-RNA-dependent cleavage in 5′ leader sequence.". Molecular Microbiology 77 (6): 1416–1428. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07258.x. PMID 20572941.
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