Biology:Woodland salamander
From HandWiki
| Woodland salamanders | |
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| Plethodon teyahalee | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Plethodontidae |
| Subfamily: | Plethodontinae |
| Genus: | Plethodon Tschudi, 1838[1] |
| Species | |
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57 species, see text | |
Woodland salamanders are lungless salamanders of the genus Plethodon. They are named so due to their association with a variety of woodland habitats. All members of the genus are found in North America.[2] They have no aquatic larval stage; eggs are laid underneath a stone or log, and young hatch in the adult form.[3] Members of Plethodon primarily eat small invertebrates[2] The earliest known fossils of this genus are from the Hemphillian of Tennessee in the United States.[4]
Species
Listed in alphabetical order of specific name.
- Western slimy salamander (P. albagula) Grobman, 1944
- Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander (P. amplus) Highton & Peabody, 2000
- Ozark zigzag salamander (P. angusticlavius) Grobman, 1944
- Scott Bar salamander (P. asupak) Mead, Clayton, Nauman, Olson & Pfrender, 2005
- Tellico salamander (P. aureolus) Highton, 1984
- Caddo Mountain salamander (P. caddoensis) C. Pope & S. Pope, 1951
- Chattahoochee slimy salamander (P. chattahoochee) Highton, 1989
- Cheoah Bald salamander (P. cheoah) Highton & Peabody, 2000
- Atlantic Coast slimy salamander (P. chlorobryonis) Mittleman, 1951
- Red-backed salamander (P. cinereus) (J. Green, 1818)
- White-spotted slimy salamander (P. cylindraceus) (Harlan, 1825)
- Dixie Cavern salamander (P. dixi) C. Pope & J. Fowler, 1949
- Northern zigzag salamander (P. dorsalis) Cope, 1889
- Dunn's salamander (P. dunni) Bishop, 1934
- Northern ravine salamander (P. electromorphus) Highton, 1999
- Del Norte salamander (P. elongatus) Van Denburgh, 1916
- Fourche Mountain salamander (P. fourchensis) Duncan & Highton, 1959
- Northern slimy salamander (P. glutinosus) (J. Green, 1818)
- Southeastern slimy salamander (P. grobmani) Allen & Neill, 1949
- Valley and ridge salamander (P. hoffmani) Highton, 1972
- Peaks of Otter salamander (P. hubrichti) Thurow, 1957 – formerly a subspecies of Netting's salamander (P. nettingi)
- Coeur d'Alene salamander (P. idahoensis) Slater & Slipp, 1940
- Blacksburg salamander (P. jacksoni) Newman, 1954
- Red-cheeked salamander or Jordan's salamander (P. jordani) Blatchley, 1901
- Cumberland Plateau salamander (P. kentucki) Mittleman, 1951
- Kiamichi slimy salamander (P. kiamichi) Highton, 1989
- Louisiana slimy salamander (P. kisatchie) Highton, 1989
- Larch Mountain salamander (P. larselli) Burns, 1954
- South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander (P. meridianus) Highton & Peabody, 2000
- Southern gray-cheeked salamander (P. metcalfi) Brimley, 1912
- Mississippi slimy salamander (P. mississippi) Highton, 1989
- Northern gray-cheeked salamander (P. montanus) Highton & Peabody, 2000
- Jemez Mountains salamander (P. neomexicanus) Stebbins & Riemer, 1950
- Cheat Mountain salamander (P. nettingi) N.B. Green, 1938
- Ocmulgee slimy salamander (P. ocmulgee) Highton, 1989
- Rich Mountain salamander (P. ouachitae) Dunn & Heinze, 1933
- Yellow-spotted woodland salamander (P. pauleyi) Felix, Wooten, Pierson & Camp, 2019
- Pigeon Mountain salamander (P. petraeus) Wynn, Highton & Jacobs, 1988
- Cow Knob salamander (P. punctatus) Highton, 1972
- Ravine salamander (P. richmondi) Netting & Mittleman, 1938
- Savannah slimy salamander (P. savannah) Highton, 1989
- Sequoyah slimy salamander (P. sequoyah) Highton, 1989
- Southern red-backed salamander (P. serratus) Grobman, 1944
- Shenandoah salamander (P. shenandoah) Highton & Worthington, 1967 – formerly a subspecies of Netting's salamander (P. nettingi)
- Big Levels salamander (P. sherando) Highton, 2004
- Red-legged salamander (P. shermani) Stejneger, 1906
- Siskiyou Mountains salamander (P. stormi) Highton & Brame, 1965
- Southern Appalachian salamander (P. teyahalee) Hairston, 1950
- Van Dyke's salamander (P. vandykei) Van Denburgh, 1906
- South Carolina slimy salamander (P. variolatus) (Gilliams, 1818)
- Western redback salamander (P. vehiculum) (Cooper, 1860)
- Southern zigzag salamander (P. ventralis) Highton, 1997
- Shenandoah Mountain salamander (P. virginia) Highton, 1999
- Webster's salamander (P. websteri) Highton, 1979
- Wehrle's salamander (P. wehrlei) H. Fowler & Dunn, 1917
- Weller's salamander (P. welleri) Walker, 1931
- Yonahlossee salamander (P. yonahlossee) Dunn, 1917
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Plethodon.
References
- ↑ "Plethodon ". Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference. research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Plethodon cinereus (Eastern Red-backed Salamander)" (in en). http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Plethodon_cinereus/.
- ↑ "Plethodon cinereus (Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Redback Salamander)". http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/59334/0.
- ↑ "Fossilworks: Plethodon ". http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=37390.
Further reading
- Tschudi JJ (1838). Classification der Batrachier, mit Berucksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien. Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Buchdruckerei von Petitpierre. 99 pp. + Plates 1-6. (Plethodon, new genus, p. 92). (in German and Latin).
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q2256290 entry
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