Biology:Yarrowia lipolytica
| Yarrowia lipolytica | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Missing taxonomy template (fix): | Yarrowia |
| Species: | Template:Taxonomy/YarrowiaY. lipolytica
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| Binomial name | |
| Template:Taxonomy/YarrowiaYarrowia lipolytica (Wick., Kurtzman & Herman) Van der Walt & Arx (1980)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Yarrowia lipolytica is a species of fungus in the family Dipodascaceae. It is notable for its use of unusual carbon sources, such as hydrocarbons.[2] This has made it of interest for use in industrial microbiology, especially for the production of specialty lipids.[3]
Biology
Habitat
Yarrowia lipolytica has been isolated from various locations (e.g. milled corn fiber tailings or Paris sewers[4]). Often these environments contain an excess of lipids, which can be efficiently utilized by Y. lipolytica as a carbon and energy source.[5] This species is strictly aerobic.[6]
Oleaginous yeast
The cells of Y. lipolytica have over 20% fat content, placing it in the group of oleaginous yeasts.[6] Most lipids are stored as triacylglycerides (TAGs). This physiological trait makes this species especially interesting for producing lipid derivates. For example, genetic engineering and process optimization allow it to produce high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).[7]
Dimorphism
Yarrowia lipolytica has dimorphic growth,[6] which means it can grow in two different phenotypes. The usual form of the cells can be described as round and spherical. When exposed to stressful conditions such as temperature, pH, mechanical or osmotic stress,[8] the cell can switch into a filamentous growth form (also see hyphae).
Genome
The genome of Y. lipolytica consists of around 20.5 Mbp (mega base pairs), encodes for over 7000 genes and is distributed on six chromosomes (named A to F) and the mitochondrial DNA (M). Naturally, there are small differences in the length of the genomes of different strain isolates. Usually hemiascomycetous yeast have a low number of introns, but Y. lipolytica is an exception with about 15% of genes containing introns.[9]
Epidemiology
Y. lipolytica can occur as a rare cause of opportunistic invasive fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised humans.[10] In a clinical context, it is sometimes referred by its synonym from the genus Candida, Candida lipolytica.
Usage
In January 2019, Yarrowia lipolytica yeast biomass was defined by the European Food Safety Authority as a safe novel food – dried and heat‐killed – with the underlying qualifications that it is widespread in nature, present in the typical environment, may be used as food for people over three years of age (3 grams per day for children under age 10, and 6 grams per day for teens and adults), and may be manufactured as a dietary supplement.[11]
In April 2025, the EU approved the use of a genetically modified string of Yarrowia lipolytica for the production of a stevia food additive under the number E 960b(i). The string is used for the fermentation of Rebaudioside M.[12]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Yarrowia lipolytica: Species synonyms". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://www.speciesfungorum.org/names/Synonymy.asp?RecordId=108643.
- ↑ "Yarrowia lipolytica mutants devoid of pyruvate carboxylase activity show an unusual growth phenotype". Eukaryotic Cell 4 (2): 356–64. February 2005. doi:10.1128/EC.4.2.356-364.2005. PMID 15701798.
- ↑ "Yarrowia lipolytica: A model microorganism used for the production of tailor-made lipids". European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 112 (6): 639–654. 2010. doi:10.1002/ejlt.200900197.
- ↑ Wolf, Klaus (1996). Nonconventional Yeasts in Biotechnology. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79856-6. ISBN 978-3-642-79858-0.
- ↑ Kurtzman, Cletus P. (1 January 2011). "Chapter 82 - Yarrowia van der Walt & von Arx (1980)". in Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Fell, Jack W.; Boekhout, Teun (in en). The Yeasts (Fifth Edition). London: Elsevier. pp. 927–929. ISBN 978-0-444-52149-1. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444521491000823. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Yarrowia lipolytica". Yeast 29 (10): 409–18. October 2012. doi:10.1002/yea.2921. PMID 23038056.
- ↑ "Sustainable source of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid from metabolically engineered Yarrowia lipolytica: from fundamental research to commercial production". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 99 (4): 1599–610. February 2015. doi:10.1007/s00253-014-6318-y. PMID 25567511.
- ↑ "Different effectors of dimorphism in Yarrowia lipolytica". Archives of Microbiology 178 (6): 477–83. December 2002. doi:10.1007/s00203-002-0478-3. PMID 12420169. Bibcode: 2002ArMic.178..477R.
- ↑ Mekouar, Meryem; Blanc-Lenfle, Isabelle; Ozanne, Christophe; Da Silva, Corinne; Cruaud, Corinne; Wincker, Patrick; Gaillardin, Claude; Neuvéglise, Cécile (23 June 2010). "Detection and analysis of alternative splicing in Yarrowia lipolytica reveal structural constraints facilitating nonsense-mediated decay of intron-retaining transcripts". Genome Biology 11 (6): R65. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-6-r65. ISSN 1474-760X. PMID 20573210.
- ↑ Zieniuk, Bartłomiej; Fabiszewska, Agata (21 December 2018). "Yarrowia lipolytica: a beneficious yeast in biotechnology as a rare opportunistic fungal pathogen: a minireview". World J Microbiol Biotechnol . 35 (1). doi:10.1007/s11274-018-2583-8. PMID 30578432.
- ↑ EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (14 February 2019). "Safety of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast biomass as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283". EFSA Journal (European Food Safety Authority) 17 (2): e05594. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5594. PMID 32626221.
- ↑ Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/652 of 2 April 2025
Wikidata ☰ Q5222203 entry
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