Biology:Zygophyllaceae
| Zygophyllaceae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Larrea tridentata | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Zygophyllales |
| Family: | Zygophyllaceae R.Br. |
| Subfamilies | |
|
Larreoideae | |
| Synonyms | |
Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera.[2]
Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habitats. The leaves are usually opposite, often with stipules and spines. Some are cultivated as ornamental plants, such as species of the Guaiacum, Zygophyllum, Tribulus, and Larrea genera.[3] King Clone, a creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in California , is among the world's oldest living organisms.
The distribution of plants in the Zygophyllaceae family can be found worldwide in warm tropics and cool-temperate subtropics with a concentration in hot, arid regions with alkaline soils.[4] Regions with different species from this family include Africa, south Asia, India, Australia and parts of the United States.[5]
Genera
Peganum was in Zygophyllaceae before being moved to the newly created family Nitrariaceae.
Systematics
In the APG III system of classification, the families Zygophyllaceae and Krameriaceae compose the order Zygophyllales. In the previous version of their classification system, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group had included the option of placing Krameria within Zygophyllaceae.
Zygophyllaceae are divided into five subfamilies. Molecular phylogenies of the family were published in 2000[14] and 2018.[15] Phylogenies of groups within the family, particularly the predominantly southern African species of Zygophylloideae have also been published.[16][17][18]
Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:[10][14]
| Zygophyllales |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ "Zygophyllaceae R. Br., nom. cons.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?1210.
- ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa (Magnolia Press) 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598.
- ↑ Zygophyllaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ "Genera of Zygophyllaceae subfam. Larreoideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2051.
- ↑ "Genera of Zygophyllaceae subfam. Morkillioideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2054.
- ↑ "Genera of Zygophyllaceae subfam. Seetzenioideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2052.
- ↑ "Genera of Zygophyllaceae subfam. Tribuloideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2053.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Beier, B.-A.; Chase, M. W.; Thulin, M. (2003), "Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of subfamily Zygophylloideae (Zygophyllaceae) based on molecular and morphological data", Plant Systematics and Evolution 240 (1–4): 11–39, doi:10.1007/s00606-003-0007-0
- ↑ "Augea Thunb.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331376-2.
- ↑ "Tetraena Maxim.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:41744-1.
- ↑ "Genera of Zygophyllaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1210.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Phylogenetic Relationships within Zygophyllaceae Based on DNA Sequences of Three Plastid Regions, with Special Emphasis on Zygophylloideae". Syst Bot 25 (2): 371–384. 2000. doi:10.2307/2666648.
- ↑ Wu, Sheng-Dan; Zhang, Lin-Jing; Lin, Li; Yu, Sheng-Xiang; Chen, Zhi-Duan; Wang, Wei (2018). "Insights into the historical assembly of global dryland floras: the diversification of Zygophyllaceae". BMC Evolutionary Biology 18 (1): 166. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1277-z. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 30413147.
- ↑ Bellstedt, D.U.; van Zyl, L.; Marais, E.M.; Bytebier, B.; de Villiers, C.A.; Makwarela, A.M.; Dreyer, L.L. (2008). "Phylogenetic relationships, character evolution and biogeography of southern African members of Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae) based on three plastid regions". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (3): 932–949. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.019. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 18407526.
- ↑ Bellstedt, Dirk U.; Galley, Chloé; Pirie, Michael D.; Linder, H. Peter (2012). "The Migration of the Palaeotropical Arid Flora: Zygophylloideae as an Example". Systematic Botany 37 (4): 951–959. doi:10.1600/036364412X656608. ISSN 0363-6445.
- ↑ Lauterbach, Maximilian; van der Merwe, Pieter de Wet; Keßler, Lisa; Pirie, Michael D.; Bellstedt, Dirk U.; Kadereit, Gudrun (2016). "Evolution of leaf anatomy in arid environments – A case study in southern African Tetraena and Roepera (Zygophyllaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 97: 129–144. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.01.002. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 26790586.
External links
- Family Zygophyllaceae Flowers in Israel
- Chilean Zygophyllaceae Chileflora
Wikidata ☰ Q155982 entry
 |  |
