Braille pattern dots-23456

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Short description: Braille pattern


The Braille pattern dots-23456 ( ⠾ ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top right, both middle, and both bottom dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top right, both upper-middle, and both lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+283e, and in Braille ASCII with a close parenthesis: ).

Character information
Preview ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
Unicode name BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23456
Encodings decimal hex
Unicode 10302 0 0 0 U+283E
UTF-8 226 160 190 0 0 0 E2 A0 BE 00 00 00
Numeric character reference ⠾��� ⠾���
Braille ASCII 41 29


Unified Braille

In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-23456 is used to represent an unvoiced dental or alveolar plosive, such as /t/ or /t̪/ when multiple letters correspond to these values, and is otherwise assigned as needed.[1]

Table of unified braille values

French Braille Ù, oi, "et"
English Braille with
German Braille st
Bharati Braille ट / ਟ / ટ / ট / ଟ / ట / ಟ / ട / ட / ට / ٹ ‎[2]
IPA Braille breve
Russian Braille Ь
Slovak Braille Ô
Arabic Braille ط
Persian Braille ط
Irish Braille Ú
Thai Braille ท th

[1]

Other braille

Japanese Braille mo / も / モ [1]
Korean Braille an / 안 [1]
Mainland Chinese Braille yue, -üe [1]
Taiwanese Braille ya, -ia / ㄧㄚ
Two-Cell Chinese Braille null consonant, -ǎ
Nemeth Braille ) (close parenthesis) [3]
Gardner Salinas Braille end fraction [4]
Algerian Braille ء ‎[1]

Plus dots 7 and 8

Related to Braille pattern dots-23456 are Braille patterns 234567, 234568, and 2345678, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille.

Character information
Preview ⡾ (braille pattern dots-234567) ⢾ (braille pattern dots-234568) ⣾ (braille pattern dots-2345678)
Unicode name BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234567 BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234568 BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345678
Encodings decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex
Unicode 10366 0 0 0 U+287E 10430 0 0 0 U+28BE 10494 0 0 0 U+28FE
UTF-8 226 161 190 0 0 0 E2 A1 BE 00 00 00 226 162 190 0 0 0 E2 A2 BE 00 00 00 226 163 190 0 0 0 E2 A3 BE 00 00 00
Numeric character reference ⡾��� ⡾��� ⢾��� ⢾��� ⣾��� ⣾���
dots 234567 dots 234568 dots 2345678
Gardner Salinas Braille[4] ⇌ (equilibrium) } (close brace)

Related 8-dot kantenji patterns

In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille patterns 35678, 135678, 345678, and 1345678 are the patterns related to Braille pattern dots-23456, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 023456, 234567, and 0234567 are placed above the base 6-dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8-dot braille.

Character information
Preview ⣴ (braille pattern dots-35678) ⣵ (braille pattern dots-135678) ⣼ (braille pattern dots-345678) ⣽ (braille pattern dots-1345678)
Unicode name BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35678 BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135678 BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345678 BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345678
Encodings decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex decimal hex
Unicode 10484 0 0 0 U+28F4 10485 0 0 0 U+28F5 10492 0 0 0 U+28FC 10493 0 0 0 U+28FD
UTF-8 226 163 180 0 0 0 E2 A3 B4 00 00 00 226 163 181 0 0 0 E2 A3 B5 00 00 00 226 163 188 0 0 0 E2 A3 BC 00 00 00 226 163 189 0 0 0 E2 A3 BD 00 00 00
Numeric character reference ⣴��� ⣴��� ⣵��� ⣵��� ⣼��� ⣼��� ⣽��� ⣽���

Kantenji using braille patterns 35678, 135678, 345678, or 1345678

This listing includes kantenji using Braille pattern dots-23456 for all 6349 kanji found in JIS C 6226-1978.

  • ⣽ (braille pattern dots-1345678) - 門

Variants and thematic compounds

  • ⠑⣼ - selector 4 + も/門 = 以
  • ⠡⣼ - selector 5 + も/門 = 鬥
  • ⢁⣼ - selector 6 + も/門 = 芻
  • ⣵⠊ - も/門 + selector 1 = 気
    • ⣵12px|alt=⠂⠊ - も/門 + selector 1 + selector 1 = 气
  • ⣵⠌ - も/門 + selector 2 = 包
    • ⣵12px|alt=⠄⠌ - も/門 + selector 2 + selector 2 = 勹
  • ⣵⡈ - も/門 + selector 3 = 区
    • ⣵12px|alt=⡀⡈ - も/門 + selector 3 + selector 3 = 匚
  • ⣵⠨ - も/門 + selector 5 = 句
  • ⣵⢈ - も/門 + selector 6 = 凶
    • ⣵12px|alt=⢀⢈ - も/門 + selector 6 + selector 6 = 凵
  • ⠱⣼ - 比 + も/門 = 勺

Compounds of 門

  • ⠳⣼ - る/忄 + も/門 = 憫
  • ⢥⣼ - 心 + も/門 = 蘭
  • ⣵⠾ - も/門 + れ/口 = 問
    • ⣵12px|alt=⠶⠾ - も/門 + れ/口 + れ/口 = 闡
  • ⣵⢬ - も/門 + 心 = 悶
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⣎ - も/門 + 宿 + ひ/辶 = 闌
    • ⣵⣎ - も/門 + ひ/辶 = 欄
    • ⡇12px|alt=⣴⣎ - に/氵 + も/門 + ひ/辶 = 瀾
    • ⣱12px|alt=⣴⣎ - 火 + も/門 + ひ/辶 = 爛
    • ⡗12px|alt=⣴⣎ - ね/示 + も/門 + ひ/辶 = 襴
  • ⣵⣮ - も/門 + み/耳 = 聞
  • ⣵⡊ - も/門 + な/亻 = 閃
  • ⣵⠼ - も/門 + ろ/十 = 閉
  • ⣵⡼ - も/門 + と/戸 = 開
  • ⣵⣞ - も/門 + へ/⺩ = 閏
  • ⣵⢎ - も/門 + き/木 = 閑
    • ⣓12px|alt=⣴⢎ - ふ/女 + も/門 + き/木 = 嫻
  • ⣵⣌ - も/門 + 日 = 間
    • ⡳12px|alt=⣴⣌ - つ/土 + も/門 + 日 = 墹
  • ⣵⢞ - も/門 + け/犬 = 関
    • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⢞ - も/門 + も/門 + け/犬 = 關
  • ⣵⢺ - も/門 + す/発 = 閣
    • ⡷12px|alt=⣴⢺ - て/扌 + も/門 + す/発 = 擱
  • ⣵⣬ - も/門 + 囗 = 閥
  • ⣵⢜ - も/門 + こ/子 = 閧
  • ⣵⡺ - も/門 + つ/土 = 閨
  • ⣵⠬ - も/門 + 宿 = 閲
  • ⣵⣪ - も/門 + ま/石 = 闇
  • ⣵⢮ - も/門 + し/巿 = 闘
  • ⣓12px|alt=⣴⠪ - ふ/女 + も/門 + ら/月 = 嫺
  • ⣱12px|alt=⣴⣌ - 火 + も/門 + 日 = 燗
  • ⡑12px|alt=⣴⠪ - や/疒 + も/門 + ら/月 = 癇
  • ⠇12px|alt=⣴⠪ - い/糹/#2 + も/門 + ら/月 = 繝
  • ⡃12px|alt=⠤⣼ - な/亻 + 宿 + も/門 = 們
  • ⡷12px|alt=⠤⣼ - て/扌 + 宿 + も/門 = 捫
  • ⢥12px|alt=⣀⣼ - 心 + 龸 + も/門 = 椚
  • ⣵12px|alt=⡆⢾ - も/門 + に/氵 + せ/食 = 濶
  • ⣧12px|alt=⠤⣼ - み/耳 + 宿 + も/門 = 躙
  • ⣧12px|alt=⣀⣼ - み/耳 + 龸 + も/門 = 躪
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⠬ - も/門 + 宿 + 宿 = 閂
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠰⣈ - も/門 + 比 + 龸 = 閇
  • ⣵12px|alt=⡐⠊ - も/門 + や/疒 + selector 1 = 閊
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣀⡈ - も/門 + 龸 + selector 3 = 閔
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⡎ - も/門 + 宿 + に/氵 = 閖
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⢜ - も/門 + 宿 + こ/子 = 閘
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣀⢮ - も/門 + 龸 + し/巿 = 閙
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠒⣞ - も/門 + う/宀/#3 + へ/⺩ = 閠
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠦⣬ - も/門 + り/分 + 囗 = 閤
  • ⣵12px|alt=⢀⣮ - も/門 + selector 6 + み/耳 = 閭
  • ⣵12px|alt=⢀⢬ - も/門 + selector 6 + 心 = 閹
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⡚ - も/門 + 宿 + ぬ/力 = 閻
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣔⣈ - も/門 + ほ/方 + 龸 = 閼
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣤⠘ - も/門 + 囗 + selector 4 = 閾
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣶⢞ - も/門 + め/目 + け/犬 = 闃
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠶⢾ - も/門 + れ/口 + せ/食 = 闊
  • ⣵12px|alt=⡴⣌ - も/門 + と/戸 + 日 = 闍
  • ⣵12px|alt=⡲⢜ - も/門 + つ/土 + こ/子 = 闔
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣠⠊ - も/門 + ん/止 + selector 1 = 闕
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⢼ - も/門 + 宿 + そ/馬 = 闖
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⣪ - も/門 + 宿 + ま/石 = 闢
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣆⡪ - も/門 + ひ/辶 + た/⽥ = 闥

Compounds of 以

  • ⡃⣼ - な/亻 + も/門 = 似
  • ⢥12px|alt=⠐⣼ - 心 + selector 4 + も/門 = 苡

Compounds of 鬥

  • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⢜ - も/門 + も/門 + こ/子 = 鬨
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⢮ - も/門 + も/門 + し/巿 = 鬪
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠒⢮ - も/門 + う/宀/#3 + し/巿 = 鬧
  • ⣵12px|alt=⢔⠬ - も/門 + こ/子 + 宿 = 鬩
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠰⣾ - も/門 + 比 + め/目 = 鬮

Compounds of 芻

  • ⣵⠎ - も/門 + い/糹/#2 = 雛
  • ⢓12px|alt=⢀⣼ - く/艹 + selector 6 + も/門 = 蒭
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠐⣎ - も/門 + selector 4 + ひ/辶 = 皺
  • ⢣12px|alt=⠤⣼ - さ/阝 + 宿 + も/門 = 鄒

Compounds of 気 and 气

  • ⡇⣼ - に/氵 + も/門 = 汽
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⠊ - も/門 + も/門 + selector 1 = 氣
    • ⠳12px|alt=⣴⠊ - る/忄 + も/門 + selector 1 = 愾
  • ⠧12px|alt=⣴⠊ - り/分 + も/門 + selector 1 = 氛
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣤⢞ - も/門 + 囗 + け/犬 = 氤

Compounds of 包 and 勹

  • ⡷⣼ - て/扌 + も/門 = 抱
  • ⣣⣼ - ま/石 + も/門 = 砲
  • ⠣⣼ - ら/月 + も/門 = 胞
  • ⡧⣼ - ち/竹 + も/門 = 雹
  • ⢷⣼ - せ/食 + も/門 = 飽
  • ⣵⣚ - も/門 + ふ/女 = 匐
  • ⢅⣼ - ⺼ + も/門 = 胸
  • ⣵⣺ - も/門 + む/車 = 勾
  • ⣵⡎ - も/門 + に/氵 = 匂
  • ⣵⣜ - も/門 + ほ/方 = 匍
  • ⢗12px|alt=⣴⠌ - け/犬 + も/門 + selector 2 = 匏
  • ⠷12px|alt=⣴⠌ - れ/口 + も/門 + selector 2 = 咆
  • ⡳12px|alt=⣴⠌ - つ/土 + も/門 + selector 2 = 垉
  • ⡱12px|alt=⣴⠌ - よ/广 + も/門 + selector 2 = 庖
  • ⢇12px|alt=⣴⠌ - き/木 + も/門 + selector 2 = 枹
  • ⣱12px|alt=⣴⠌ - 火 + も/門 + selector 2 = 炮
  • ⡑12px|alt=⣴⠌ - や/疒 + も/門 + selector 2 = 疱
  • ⣇12px|alt=⣴⠌ - ひ/辶 + も/門 + selector 2 = 皰
  • ⢓12px|alt=⣴⠌ - く/艹 + も/門 + selector 2 = 苞
  • ⣳12px|alt=⣴⠌ - む/車 + も/門 + selector 2 = 蚫
  • ⡗12px|alt=⣴⠌ - ね/示 + も/門 + selector 2 = 袍
  • ⢃12px|alt=⣴⠌ - か/金 + も/門 + selector 2 = 鉋
  • ⣷12px|alt=⣴⠌ - め/目 + も/門 + selector 2 = 靤
  • ⡵12px|alt=⣴⠌ - と/戸 + も/門 + selector 2 = 鞄
  • ⢷12px|alt=⣴⠌ - せ/食 + も/門 + selector 2 = 鮑
  • ⢳12px|alt=⣴⠌ - す/発 + も/門 + selector 2 = 麭
  • ⠳12px|alt=⠤⣼ - る/忄 + 宿 + も/門 = 恟
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⡪ - も/門 + 宿 + た/⽥ = 甸
  • ⣵12px|alt=⡴⠚ - も/門 + と/戸 + う/宀/#3 = 髱
  • ⢥12px|alt=⠒⣼ - 心 + う/宀/#3 + も/門 = 蒟
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣖⢺ - も/門 + へ/⺩ + す/発 = 麹

Compounds of 区 and 匚

  • ⢵⣼ - そ/馬 + も/門 = 駆
    • ⢵12px|alt=⢴⣼ - そ/馬 + そ/馬 + も/門 = 驅
  • ⣵⡨ - も/門 + を/貝 = 匠
  • ⣵⣈ - も/門 + 龸 = 匹
  • ⣵⡘ - も/門 + や/疒 = 医
    • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⡘ - も/門 + も/門 + や/疒 = 醫
  • ⣵⢨ - も/門 + 数 = 匿
    • ⠳12px|alt=⣴⢨ - る/忄 + も/門 + 数 = 慝
  • ⣵⣨ - も/門 + ん/止 = 欧
    • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⣨ - も/門 + も/門 + ん/止 = 歐
  • ⣵⡜ - も/門 + の/禾 = 殴
    • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⡜ - も/門 + も/門 + の/禾 = 毆
  • ⣵⢾ - も/門 + せ/食 = 鴎
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⡈ - も/門 + も/門 + selector 3 = 區
    • ⠗⣼ - え/訁 + も/門 = 謳
    • ⠷⣼ - れ/口 + も/門 = 嘔
    • ⢑12px|alt=⣴⡈ - 仁/亻 + も/門 + selector 3 = 傴
    • ⢗12px|alt=⣴⡈ - け/犬 + も/門 + selector 3 = 奩
    • ⣓12px|alt=⣴⡈ - ふ/女 + も/門 + selector 3 = 嫗
    • ⡑12px|alt=⣴⡈ - や/疒 + も/門 + selector 3 = 嶇
  • ⣧12px|alt=⣴⡈ - み/耳 + も/門 + selector 3 = 躯
  • ⡃12px|alt=⣀⣼ - な/亻 + 龸 + も/門 = 偃
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⢮ - も/門 + 宿 + し/巿 = 匝
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣖⠊ - も/門 + へ/⺩ + selector 1 = 匡
  • ⣵12px|alt=⢠⢜ - も/門 + 数 + こ/子 = 匣
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠐⣸ - も/門 + selector 4 + 火 = 匪
  • ⣵12px|alt=⢰⠎ - も/門 + 氷/氵 + い/糹/#2 = 匯
  • ⣵12px|alt=⡠⢎ - も/門 + を/貝 + き/木 = 匱
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⠮ - も/門 + 宿 + り/分 = 匳
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⡈ - も/門 + 宿 + selector 3 = 匸
  • ⡳12px|alt=⠤⣼ - つ/土 + 宿 + も/門 = 堰
  • ⢇12px|alt=⠤⣼ - き/木 + 宿 + も/門 = 框
  • ⢥12px|alt=⠤⣼ - 心 + 宿 + も/門 = 榧
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣲⠌ - も/門 + む/車 + selector 2 = 翳

Compounds of 句

  • ⡵⣼ - と/戸 + も/門 = 局
    • ⣧12px|alt=⡴⣼ - み/耳 + と/戸 + も/門 = 跼
  • ⢗⣼ - け/犬 + も/門 = 狗
  • ⣡⣼ - ん/止 + も/門 = 齣
  • ⡃12px|alt=⣴⠨ - な/亻 + も/門 + selector 5 = 佝
  • ⡓12px|alt=⣴⠨ - ぬ/力 + も/門 + selector 5 = 劬
  • ⠳12px|alt=⣴⠨ - る/忄 + も/門 + selector 5 = 怐
  • ⢥12px|alt=⣴⠨ - 心 + も/門 + selector 5 = 枸
  • ⣱12px|alt=⣴⠨ - 火 + も/門 + selector 5 = 煦
  • ⢓12px|alt=⣴⠨ - く/艹 + も/門 + selector 5 = 苟
    • ⣵⢸ - も/門 + 氷/氵 = 敬
      • ⣵⡬ - も/門 + ゑ/訁 = 警
      • ⣵⢼ - も/門 + そ/馬 = 驚
      • ⢇12px|alt=⣴⢸ - き/木 + も/門 + 氷/氵 = 檠
  • ⢃12px|alt=⣴⠨ - か/金 + も/門 + selector 5 = 鉤

Compounds of 凶 and 凵

  • ⠥12px|alt=⣴⢈ - 宿 + も/門 + selector 6 = 兇
    • ⢥12px|alt=⣴⢈ - 心 + も/門 + selector 6 = 椶
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣴⢈ - も/門 + も/門 + selector 6 = 匈
    • ⡇12px|alt=⣴⢈ - に/氵 + も/門 + selector 6 = 洶
    • ⣵12px|alt=⢀⢊ - も/門 + selector 6 + か/金 = 甌

Compounds of 勺

  • ⣅⣼ - 日 + も/門 = 的
  • ⠇⣼ - い/糹/#2 + も/門 = 約
    • ⢓12px|alt=⠆⣼ - く/艹 + い/糹/#2 + も/門 = 葯
  • ⢃⣼ - か/金 + も/門 = 釣
  • ⣓12px|alt=⠰⣼ - ふ/女 + 比 + も/門 = 妁
  • ⢇12px|alt=⠰⣼ - き/木 + 比 + も/門 = 杓
  • ⣱12px|alt=⠰⣼ - 火 + 比 + も/門 = 灼
  • ⢥12px|alt=⠰⣼ - 心 + 比 + も/門 = 芍
  • ⢷12px|alt=⠰⣼ - せ/食 + 比 + も/門 = 酌
  • ⡳⣼ - つ/土 + も/門 = 均
  • ⢃12px|alt=⠤⣼ - か/金 + 宿 + も/門 = 鈞
  • ⣣12px|alt=⠤⣼ - ま/石 + 宿 + も/門 = 韵

Other compounds

  • ⠧⣼ - り/分 + も/門 = 余
    • ⣑⣼ - ゆ/彳 + も/門 = 徐
    • ⣇⣼ - ひ/辶 + も/門 = 途
    • ⢣⣼ - さ/阝 + も/門 = 除
    • ⡣12px|alt=⠦⣼ - た/⽥ + り/分 + も/門 = 畭
    • ⢥12px|alt=⠦⣼ - 心 + り/分 + も/門 = 荼
    • ⣳12px|alt=⠦⣼ - む/車 + り/分 + も/門 = 蜍
    • ⠧12px|alt=⠦⣼ - り/分 + り/分 + も/門 = 餘
  • ⡱⣼ - よ/广 + も/門 = 唐
    • ⡕⣼ - の/禾 + も/門 = 糖
    • ⡳12px|alt=⡰⣼ - つ/土 + よ/广 + も/門 = 塘
    • ⡇12px|alt=⡰⣼ - に/氵 + よ/广 + も/門 = 溏
  • ⢕⣼ - こ/子 + も/門 = 巧
  • ⢇⣼ - き/木 + も/門 = 朽
  • ⢱⣼ - 氷/氵 + も/門 = 汚
  • ⣵⡚ - も/門 + ぬ/力 = 勘
  • ⣵⢪ - も/門 + さ/阝 = 邸
  • ⣡12px|alt=⠤⣼ - ん/止 + 宿 + も/門 = 丐
  • ⠧12px|alt=⠤⣼ - り/分 + 宿 + も/門 = 兮
    • ⣷12px|alt=⠤⣼ - め/目 + 宿 + も/門 = 盻
  • ⣓12px|alt=⠤⣼ - ふ/女 + 宿 + も/門 = 娉
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⢸ - も/門 + 宿 + 氷/氵 = 攷
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣤⡜ - も/門 + 囗 + の/禾 = 粤
  • ⢳12px|alt=⠤⣼ - す/発 + 宿 + も/門 = 虧
  • ⠗12px|alt=⠤⣼ - え/訁 + 宿 + も/門 = 諡
  • ⣵12px|alt=⣔⢼ - も/門 + ほ/方 + そ/馬 = 尠
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠤⣬ - も/門 + 宿 + 囗 = 戡
  • ⣵12px|alt=⠰⡼ - も/門 + 比 + と/戸 = 斟

[5] [6] [7] [8]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "World Braille Usage". UNESCO. http://www.duxburysystems.com/documentation/manuals.asp?book=World_1990. Retrieved 2012-04-19. .
  2. ↑ "Introduction to Bharati Braille". http://www.acharya.gen.in:8080/disabilities/bh_brl.php. Retrieved 25 April 2013. 
  3. ↑ "Nemeth Braille (Mathematics Braille)". Archived from the original on 2012-04-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20120421113105/http://acharya.iitm.ac.in/disabilities/nemeth_brl.php. Retrieved 2012-04-25. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Index of Topics in Braille Section". Oregon State University Science Access Project Braille topics.. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20120420124208/http://dots.physics.orst.edu/gs_index.html. Retrieved 2012-04-29. 
  5. ↑ "ロービジョン相談と光学". http://www.geocities.co.jp/Technopolis/4819/body28kanten.html. Retrieved 31 January 2014. 
  6. ↑ "盲人と文字 -漢点字の世界". http://www.kantenji.jp/ikkatsu.html. Retrieved 27 December 2013. 
  7. ↑ "漢点字". http://www.n-braille.net/kantenji/eib.html. Retrieved 27 December 2013. 
  8. ↑ "漢点字入門". Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131231141822/http://www.kunijima.sakura.ne.jp/temp/taijyukai.pdf. Retrieved 30 December 2013. 



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