Chemistry:CCK-4

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Short description: Anxiogenic agent
CCK-4
Cck-4.svg
Clinical data
Other namesTetragastrin; Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide
Routes of
administration		IV
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability100%
Metabolismplasma protease enzymes
Elimination half-life13 minutes
ExcretionN/A
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC29H35N5O7S
Molar mass597.69 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
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Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4, tetragastrin, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) is a peptide fragment derived from the larger peptide hormone cholecystokinin. Unlike cholecystokin which has a variety of roles in the gastrointestinal system as well as central nervous system effects, CCK-4 acts primarily in the brain as an anxiogenic, although it does retain some GI effects, but not as much as CCK-8 or the full length polypeptide CCK-58.

CCK-4 reliably causes severe anxiety symptoms when administered to humans in a dose of as little as 50 μg,[1] and is commonly used in scientific research to induce panic attacks for the purpose of testing new anxiolytic drugs.[2][3][4][5] Since it is a peptide, CCK-4 must be administered by injection, and is rapidly broken down once inside the body so has only a short duration of action,[6] although numerous synthetic analogues with modified properties are known.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Panic induction with cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) Increases plasma concentrations of the neuroactive steroid 3alpha, 5alpha tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (3alpha, 5alpha-THDOC) in healthy volunteers". Neuropsychopharmacology 30 (1): 192–5. January 2005. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300572. PMID 15467707. 
  2. ↑ "Neurobiological investigations into the role of cholecystokinin in panic disorder". Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 18 (4): 178–88. July 1993. PMID 8104032. 
  3. ↑ "Functional magnetic resonance imaging characterization of CCK-4-induced panic attack and subsequent anticipatory anxiety". NeuroImage 31 (3): 1197–208. July 2006. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.035. PMID 16600640. 
  4. ↑ "Evaluation of the CCK-4 model as a challenge paradigm in a population of healthy volunteers within a proof-of-concept study". Psychopharmacology 192 (4): 479–87. July 2007. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0738-7. PMID 17318504. 
  5. ↑ "Functional neuroanatomy of CCK-4-induced panic attacks in healthy volunteers". Human Brain Mapping 30 (2): 511–22. February 2009. doi:10.1002/hbm.20522. PMID 18095276. 
  6. ↑ "Degradation of cholecystokinin octapeptide, related fragments and analogs by human and rat plasma in vitro". Regulatory Peptides 4 (3): 127–39. August 1982. doi:10.1016/0167-0115(82)90080-5. PMID 6291099. 
  7. ↑ "Structure-based design of new constrained cyclic agonists of the cholecystokinin CCK-B receptor". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 40 (5): 647–58. February 1997. doi:10.1021/jm9603072. PMID 9057851. 
  8. ↑ "Replacement of glycine with dicarbonyl and related moieties in analogues of the C-terminal pentapeptide of cholecystokinin: CCK(2) agonists displaying a novel binding mode". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 43 (20): 3614–23. October 2000. doi:10.1021/jm0000416. PMID 11020275. 
  9. ↑ "Involvement of D2 dopamine receptors in the opposing effects of two CCK-B agonists in a spatial recognition memory task: role of the anterior nucleus accumbens". Psychopharmacology 153 (2): 170–9. January 2001. doi:10.1007/s002130000517. PMID 11205416. 
  10. ↑ "How a single inversion of configuration leads to a reversal of the binding mode: proposal of a novel arrangement of CCK2 ligands in their receptor, and contribution to the development of peptidomimetic or non-peptide CCK2 ligands". European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 38 (7–8): 671–86. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0223-5234(03)00112-0. PMID 12932898. 
  11. ↑ "New CCK2 agonists confirming the heterogeneity of CCK2 receptors: characterisation of BBL454". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 370 (5): 404–13. November 2004. doi:10.1007/s00210-004-0969-7. PMID 15480577. 
  12. ↑ "[Biological activity of cholecystokinin-(30-33) tetrapeptide analogs]" (in ru). Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia 31 (2): 130–9. 2005. PMID 15889786. 
  13. ↑ "[Effect of a cholecystokinin tetrapeptide analogue on opioid reception under acute and chronic morphine administration]" (in ru). Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia 32 (3): 276–83. 2006. doi:10.1134/s106816200603006x. PMID 16808170. 
  14. ↑ "Structure-activity relationships of bifunctional peptides based on overlapping pharmacophores at opioid and cholecystokinin receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 49 (10): 2868–75. May 2006. doi:10.1021/jm050921q. PMID 16686530. 
  15. ↑ "Pharmacology of CCKRs and SAR studies of peptidic analog ligands". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 7 (12): 1173–9. 2007. doi:10.2174/156802607780960447. PMID 17584139. 
  16. ↑ "Strategies for design of non peptide CCK1R agonist/antagonist ligands". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 7 (12): 1180–94. 2007. doi:10.2174/156802607780960537. PMID 17584140. 
  17. ↑ "Strategies for the design of non-peptide CCK2 receptor agonist and antagonist ligand". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 7 (12): 1195–204. 2007. doi:10.2174/156802607780960500. PMID 17584141. 



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