Chemistry:Ceiling effect (pharmacology)
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In pharmacology, the term ceiling effect refers to the property of increasing doses of a given medication to have progressively smaller incremental effect (an example of diminishing returns). Mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, such as nalbuphine, serve as a classic example of the ceiling effect; increasing the dose of a narcotic frequently leads to smaller and smaller gains in relief of pain. In many cases, the severity of side effects from a medication increases as the dose increases, long after its therapeutic ceiling has been reached.
The term is defined as "the phenomenon in which a drug reaches a maximum effect, so that increasing the drug dosage does not increase its effectiveness."[1] Sometimes drugs cannot be compared across a wide range of treatment situations because one drug has a ceiling effect.[citation needed]
Sometimes the desired effect increases with dose, but side-effects worsen or start being dangerous, and risk to benefit ratio increases. This is because of occupation of all the receptors in a given specimen.
See also
- Agonist–antagonist opioids
- Buprenorphine
- Codeine
- Dose–response relationship
- Pain ladder
- Weber–Fechner law
References
- ↑ Baker, Hans (2004). Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Lotus Press. p. 40.
External links
- Is there a ceiling effect of transdermal buprenorphine? Preliminary data in cancer patients
- Clinical evidence for an LH ‘ceiling’ effect induced by administration of recombinant human LH during the late follicular phase of stimulated cycles in World Health Organization type I and type II anovulation
- Analgesic effect of i.v. paracetamol: possible ceiling effect of paracetamol in postoperative pain
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