Chemistry:Columbamine
From HandWiki
Columbamine is an isoquinoline alkaloid made up of four rings, two of which contain nitrogen. It is related to berberine but without its methylenedioxy group. Columbamine is also called dehydroisocorypalmine.[1] It has usually been isolated and characterised as its chloride salt.[2]
Occurrence
Columbamine has been found in several Berberis species, Coptis chinensis[3] and Jateorhiza palmata.[2]
Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of columbamine starts with tyrosine and proceeds via (S)-reticuline in a pathway leading to benzylisoquinoline alkaloids.[4][5] The final step is catalysed by the enzyme tetrahydroberberine oxidase, which oxidises (S)-isocorypalmine:[2][6]
References
- ↑ PubChem. "Columbamine" (in en). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/72310.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedUllmann - ↑ Wu-Chang Chuang; Dun-Shyurng Young; Lilian Kao Liu; Shuenn-Jyi Sheu (1996). "Liquid chromatographic-electrospray mass spectrometric analysis of Coptidis Rhizoma". Journal of Chromatography A 755: 19–26. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00591-2.
- ↑ Tian, Ya; Kong, Lingzhe; Li, Qi; Wang, Yifan; Wang, Yongmiao; An, Zhoujie; Ma, Yuwei; Tian, Lixia et al. (2024). "Structural diversity, evolutionary origin, and metabolic engineering of plant specialized benzylisoquinoline alkaloids". Natural Product Reports 41 (11): 1787–1810. doi:10.1039/d4np00029c. PMID 39360417.
- ↑ Begley, Tadhg P. (2009). Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology. 10. Wiley. pp. 1569–1570. doi:10.1002/cbic.200900262. ISBN 978-0-471-75477-0.
- ↑ Enzyme 1.3.3.8 at KEGG Pathway Database.
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