Chemistry:Conjugated fatty acid
Conjugated fatty acids is jargon for polyunsaturated fatty acids containing at least one pair of conjugated double bonds.[1] An example of a conjugated fatty acid is the rumenic acid, found in the meat and milk of ruminants. Most unsaturated fatty acids that are doubly unsaturated do not feature conjugation, e.g., linoleic acid and linoelaidic acid.
Some conjugated fatty acids may confer health benefits ranging from the prevention of hypertension to protection against certain forms of cancer, although more research is needed to confirm such effects.[2] Clinical studies and animal models have shown that conjugated fatty acids confer physiological benefits such as the regulation of the synthesis and breakdown of lipids, reduction of inflammation, and antioxidant properties.[3]
Conjugated fatty acids include isomers of linoleic acid.[4] Conjugated analogues linoleic acids are the most investigated conjugated fatty acids.[5]
Some conjugated fatty acids feature trans alkenes. For instance, the rumenic acid (cis-9, trans-11) is a conjugated trans fatty acid.
Studies have suggested that conjugated linoleic acids, an isomer of conjugated fatty acids, can modulate inflammatory responses in the body.[6] However, CLA’s anti-inflammatory properties correlate to isomer dependence.[7] For instance, (cis-9, trans-11) CLA has been shown to have a decreased inflammatory effect on adipose tissues of mice with obesity-causing genes, while (trans-10, cis-12) CLA reduces obesity in mice without affecting insulin resistance or adipose tissue inflammation.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ Rawat, Richa; Yu, Xiao-Hong; Sweet, Marie; Shanklin, John (26 March 2012). "Conjugated Fatty Acid Synthesis". Journal of Biological Chemistry 287 (20): 16230–16237. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.325316. PMID 22451660.
- ↑ Nagao, K; Yanagita, T (2005). "Conjugated fatty acids in food and their health benefits.". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 100 (2): 152–7. doi:10.1263/jbb.100.152. PMID 16198256.
- ↑ Gong, Mengyue; Hu, Yulin; Wei, Wei; Jin, Qingzhe; Wang, Xingguo (2019-12-01). "Production of conjugated fatty acids: A review of recent advances" (in en). Biotechnology Advances 37 (8): 107454. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107454. ISSN 0734-9750. PMID 31639444. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0734975019301545.
- ↑ Hennessy, Alan A.; Ross, Paul R.; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; Stanton, Catherine (April 2016). "Sources and Bioactive Properties of Conjugated Dietary Fatty Acids" (in en). Lipids 51 (4): 377–397. doi:10.1007/s11745-016-4135-z. ISSN 0024-4201. PMID 26968402.
- ↑ Gong, Mengyue; Hu, Yulin; Wei, Wei; Jin, Qingzhe; Wang, Xingguo (2019-12-01). "Production of conjugated fatty acids: A review of recent advances" (in en). Biotechnology Advances 37 (8): 107454. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107454. ISSN 0734-9750. PMID 31639444. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975019301545.
- ↑ Park, Yeonhwa (January 2009). "Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): Good or bad trans fat?" (in en). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22: S4–S12. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2008.12.002. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889157509000210.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Yuan, Gaofeng; Chen, Xiaoe; Li, Duo (2015-02-25). "Modulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR γ) by Conjugated Fatty Acid in Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel Disease" (in en). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63 (7): 1883–1895. doi:10.1021/jf505050c. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 25634802. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf505050c.
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