Chemistry:Nickel double salts

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Short description: Class of chemical compounds


Nickel can form various double salts.

Tutton's salts

Nickel is one of the metals that can form Tutton's salts. The singly charged ion can be any of the full range of potassium, rubidium, cesium, ammonium (NH4), or thallium.[1]

Mineral forms

As a mineral the ammonium nickel salt, (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 • 6H2O, can be called nickelboussingaultite.[2] With sodium, the double sulfate is nickelblödite Na2Ni(SO4)2 • 4H2O from the blödite family. Nickel can be substituted by other divalent metals of similar sized to make mixtures that crystallise in the same form.[3]

Langbeinites

See also: Earth:Langbeinites

Double halides

Fluorides

Double fluorides include the fluoroanion salts, and those fluoronickelates such as NiF4 and NiF6:[4]

  • KNiF3·H2O and NaNiF3·H2O – apple green coloured
  • aluminium nickel pentafluoride (AlNiF5·7H2O)
  • ceric nickelous decafluoride (Ce2NiF10·7H2O)
  • niobium nickel fluoride (Ni3H4Nb2F20·19H2O)
  • vanadium nickel pentafluoride (VNiF5·7H2O)
  • vanadyl nickel tetrafluoride (VONiF4·7H2O)
  • chromic nickelous pentafluoride (CrNiF5·7H2O)
  • molybdenum nickel dioxytetrafluoride (NiMoO2F4·6H2O)
  • tungsten nickel dioxytetrafluoride hexahydrate (NiWO2F4·6H2O) and decahydrate (NiWO2F4·10H2O)
  • manganic nickel pentafluoride (MnNiF4·7H2O)
  • nickelous ferric fluoride (FeNiF5·7H2O)

Chlorides

Trichlorides

Nickel trichloride double salts exist which are polymers. Nickel is in octahedral coordination, with double halogen bridges. Examples of this include RbNiCl3, pinkish tan coloured H2NN(CH3)3NiCl3.[5]

Other double trichlorides include:

  • potassium nickel trichloride (KNiCl3·5H2O)[6]
  • yellow cesium nickel trichloride (CsNiCl3)[6]
  • lithium nickel trichloride (LiNiCl3·3H2O)[6]
  • nickel ammonium chloride hexahydrate (NH4NiCl3·6H2O)[7]

Tetrachlorides

See also: Chemistry:Tetrachloronickelate

The tetrachloronickelates contain a tetrahedral NiCl42− and are dark blue. Some salts of organic bases are ionic liquids at standard conditions.[8] Tetramethylammonium nickel trichloride is pink and very insoluble.[9]

Other tetrachlorides include:

  • hyrdrazinium nickel tetrachloride[6]
  • lithium nickel tetrachloride (Li2NiCl4·4H2O) – stable from 23 to 60°[10]
  • rubidium nickel tetrachloride[10]
  • stannous nickel tetrachloride (SnCl2·NiCl2·6H2O)[10]

Hexachlorides

Double hexachlorides include:

  • cadmium dinickel hexachloride (CdCl2•2NiCl2•12H2O) – crystallises in hexagonal system[10]
  • dicadmium dinickel hexachloride (2CdCl2•NiCl2•12H2O) – rhombic crystals, pleochroic varying from light to dark green.[10]
  • stannic nickel hexachloride (SnCl4·NiCl2·6H2O) – tetragonal[10]

Octochlorides

Thallic nickel octochloride 2TlCl3·NiCl2·8H2O is bright green.[10]

Oxychlorides

Copper nickel dioxychloride 2CuO·NiCl2·6H2O and copper nickel trioxychloride 3CuO·NiCl2·4H2O exist.[6]

Bromides

See also: Chemistry:Tetrabromonickelate

Double bromides include the tetrabromonickelates. Other salts include:[11][12]

  • caesium nickel tribromide (CsNiBr3)
  • copper nickel trioxybromide (3CuO·NiBr2·4H2O)
  • didymium nickel bromide (2(Pr,Nd)Br3·3NiBr2·18H2O) – reddish brown, mixture of praseodymium and neodymium
  • lanthanum nickel bromide (2LaBr3·3NiBr2·18H2O)
  • mercuric nickel bromides (Hg2NiBr6) and (HgNiBr4)
  • mercuric nickel oxybromide (6NiO·NiBr2•HgBr2•20H2O) – prepared by reacting nickel bromide with mercuric oxide
  • nickel stannic bromide or nickel bromostannate (NiSnBr6·8H2O) – apple green

Iodides

See also: Chemistry:Tetraiodonickelate

Double iodides include:[13]

  • mercuric nickel hexaiodide (2HgI2·NiI2 • 6H2O)
  • mercuric nickel tetraiodide (HgI2·NiI2 • 6H2O)
  • lead nickel hexaiodide (I2·2NiI2 • 3H2O)

Double nitrates

Lanthanides

Nickel forms double nitrates with the lighter rare-earth elements. The solid crystals have the formula Ni3Me2(NO3)12•24H2O. The metals include La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and the non rare earth Bi. Nickel can also be replaced by similar divalent ions Mg, Mn, Co, and Zn. For the nickel salts melting temperatures range from 110.5° for La, 108.5° for Ce, 108° for Pr, 105.6° for Nd, 92.2° for Sm and down to 72.5° for Gd, the Bi salt melting at 69°. Crystal structure is hexagonal with Z=3.[14] Ni3La2(NO3)12•24H2O becomes ferromagnetic below 0.393 K.[15] These double nickel nitrates have been used to separate the rare earth elements by fractional crystallization.[16]

Actinides

Nickel thorium nitrate has formula NiTh(NO3)6 • 8H2O. Nickel atoms can be substituted by other ions with radius 0.69 to 0.83 Å. The nitrates are coordinated on the thorium atom and the water to the nickel. Enthalpy of solution of the octahydrate is 7 kJ/mol. Enthalpy of formation is -4360 kJ/mol. At 109° the octahydrate becomes NiTh(NO3)6•6H2O, and at 190° NiTh(NO3)6•3H2O and anhydrous at 215°.[17] The hexahydrate has Pa3 cubic structure.[17]

Double nitrites

This section is an excerpt from Nitronickelate[ edit ]

Double amides

Various double amides containing nickel clusters have been made using liquid ammonia as a solvent. These are called amidonickel compounds.[18]

These include:

  • Li3Ni4(NH2)11·NH3 (Pna21; Z = 4; a = 16.344(3) Å; b = 12.310(2) Å; c = 8.113(2) Å v=1631 D=1.942) – red[18]
  • Li4Ni4(NH2)12·NH3, Na2Ni(NH2)4[19]
  • Na2Ni(NH2)4•NH3[18]
  • Na2Ni(NH2)4•2NH3[20] – orange red
  • K2Ni(NH2)4•0.23KNH2[18]
  • Rb2Ni(NH2)4•0.23RbNH2[18]
  • Cs2Ni(NH2)4•NH3 (P21/c; Z = 4; a =9.553(3) Å; b = 8.734(3) Å; c = 14.243(3) Å; β = 129.96(3)° V=910 D=2.960)[18]

Double hydrides

Double hydrides of nickel exist, such as Mg2NiH4.[21]

Double dihydrogen phosphides

Nickel dihydrogen phosphide (Ni(PH2)2) can form orange, green or black double salts KNi(PH2)3) that crystallise from liquid ammonia. They are unstable above -78 °C, giving off ammonia, phosphine and hydrogen.[22]

Double tetrafluoroberyllates

See also: Chemistry:Tetrafluoroberyllate

Nickel forms double salts with Tutton's salt structure with tetrafluoroberyllate and a range of cations including ammonia,[23] potassium, rubidium, cesium,[24] and thallium.[25]

Other minerals

Some minerals are double salts, for example nickelzippeite Ni2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10 · 16H2O which is isomorphic to cobaltzippeite, magnesiozippeite and zinczippeite, part of the zippeite group.[26]

Table of nickel double salts

Template:Inc-science

formula name mol struct cell Å ° V Z density colour refs
wt a b c β Å3 g/cm3
Li2[NiF(PO4)] Lithium nickel fluorophosphate 186.56 orthorhombic 10.473 6.289 10.846 714.3 8 3.469 [27]
Na2[NiF(PO4)] sodium nickel fluorophosphate 218.645 Pbcn 90 823.4 [28]
Na2Ni(SO4)2 • 4H2O nickelblödite 368.867 monoclinic 11.045 8.193 5.535 100.50 2.487 green [29]
K2Ni2(SO4)3 potassium nickel trisulfate 483.77 orthorhombic 9.8436 9.8436 9.8436 90 3.369 [30]
Rb2Ni2(SO4)3 rubidium nickel trisulfate 576.51 9.9217 9.9217 9.9217 90 3.921 [31]
(NH4)2Ni2(SO4)3 ammonium nickel trisulfate 441.65 orthorhombic 9.904 9.904 9.904 90 3.02 [32]
(NH4)4Ni3(SO4)5 ammonium nickel pentasulfate 728.56 yellow [33]
NiLa(SeO3)2Cl nickel lanthanum diselenite chloride 486.977 hexagonal 8.666 18.662 1194.2 6 (153K) [34]
NiNd10(SeO3)12Cl8 nickel Neodymium diselenite chloride monoclinic 15.8175 1578,68 19.276 114.202 7407 4 (153K) [35]
Ni6Fe3+2(SO4)(OH)16 • 4H2O honessite 904.08 trigonal 3.083 26.71 219.86 0.25 1.71 green [36]
NiTi(SO4)3 nickel titanium sulfate monoclinic 8.254 8.54 14.1444 124.967 817 4 3.21 [37]
Na2Ni(SeO4)2 • 2H2O sodium nickel selenate dihydrate triclinic 5.507 5.905 7.172 α = 108.56 °, β = 99.07 °, γ = 106.35 ° 204.2 1 [38]
K2Ni(SeO4)2 • 2H2O potassium nickel selenate dihydrate [39]
K2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O potassium nickel selenate Tuttons salt 527.52 monoclinic a b c 104.45 4 2.559 bright green [40]
Rb2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O rubidium nickel selenate Tuttons salt 619.62 monoclinic a b c 105.20 4 2.856 bright green [40]
Cs2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O caesium nickel selenate Tuttons salt 713.62 monoclinic 9.426 12.961 6.473 106.17 759.5 2 3.114 bright emerald green [40][41]
(NH4)2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O ammonium nickel selenate Tuttons salt 485.68 monoclinic a b c 106.29 4 2.243 bright green [40]
Tl2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O thallium nickel selenate Tuttons salt monoclinic a b c 105.60 4 3.993 bright green [42]
K2NiP2O7 310.85 monoclinic P21 9.230 17.540 8.32 91.44 1346.3 8 3.067 [43]
K6Sr2Ni5(P2O7)5 786.55 monoclinic P21/c 11.038 9.53 7.438 100.13 1578 2 3.309 yellow [43]
NaNi2(SO4)2[(H2O)(OH)] monoclinic C2/m Natrochalcite-type 8.605 6.185 7.336 114.78 354.5 2 [44]
BaNi2(PO4)2 barium nickel phosphate Trigonal R-3 4.8112 4.8112 23.302 467.1 3 green [45]
BaNi2(AsO4)2 barium nickel arsenate Trigonal R-3 4.945 4.945 23.61 532.59 3 5.31 [45]
BaNi2(VO4)2 barium nickel vanadate Trigonal R-3 5.0375 5.0375 22.33 3 [46]
Na4Ni7(AsO4)6 tetrasodium heptanickel hexaarsenate 1336.3 monoclinic C2/m 14.538 14.505 10.6120 118.299 1970.3 4 brown [47]
K2Ni(CO3)2 • H2O potassium nickel carbonate
Potassium tetraaquadicarbonatonickelate 		monoclinic Baylissite-type 6.755 6.156 12.2406 113.265 467.6 2 2.34 [48]
Rb2Ni(CO3)2 • H2O Rubidium nickel carbonate monoclinic Baylissite-type 6.971 6.348 12.2807 114.289 495.34 2 2.83 [49]
NiTh(NO3)6 • 8H2O nickel thorium nitrate Monoclinic P21/c 9.089 8.728 13.565 96.65 1068.8(2) [17]
K[NiGa2(PO4)3(H2O)2] Potassium nickel(II) gallium phosphate hydrate 558.17 Monoclinic C2/c 13.209 10.173 8.813 107.68 1128.4 Z = 4 [50]
KNi3(PO4)P2O7 Potassium trinickel(II) orthophosphate diphosphate 484.14 Monoclinic 9.8591 9.3953 9.9778 118.965 808.63 4 [51]
KNiPO4 potassium nickel phosphate [52]
KNiPO4 • 6H2O potassium nickel phosphate hexahydrate monoclinic P21 6.8309 11.0610 6.1165 91.045 462.07 2 [53]
NiK4(P3O9)2 • 7H2O nickel potassium tricyclophosphate hydrate orthorhombic Fm2m 23.03 11.882 8.732 4 blue [54]
NiK4(P3O9)2 nickel potassium tricyclophosphate triclinic P-1 6.143 6.80 12.80 α=102.8 β=89.7 γ=66.03 473.56 1 [54]
NaK5Ni5(P2O7)4 Sodium pentapotassium pentanickel tetra(diphosphate) 1207.80 triclinic 7.188 9.282 10.026(5) α=109.31 β=90.02 γ=104.07 610.0 1 [55]
NH
4NiPO
4 · H2O 		ammonium nickel phosphate hydrate orthorhombic 5.566 8.760 4.742 231.2 [56]
NH
4NiPO
4 · 6H2O 		ammonium nickel phosphate hydrate
Ni-struvite 		Orthorhombic Pmn21 6.924 6.104 11.166 471.5 2 [57][58][59]
LiNiPO4 lithium nickel phosphate orthorhombic 10.032 5.855 4.681 274.9 4 brown [60]
NaNiPO4 sodium nickel phosphate Pnma maricite structure 8.7839 6.7426 5.0368 298.31 4 yellow [61]
NaNiPO4 sodium nickel phosphate Pnma triphylite form 4.98 6.13 9.98 304.23 [62]
Na4Ni7(PO4)6 Cm 10.550 13.985 6.398 104.87 912.4 2 3.906 [61][63]
NaNiPO4 • 7H2O sodium nickel phosphate heptahydrate tetrahedral P42/mmc 6.7390 10.9690 498.15 2 [53]
Na3NiP3O10 • 12H2O trisodium nickel triphosphate dodecahydrate monoclinic (pseudoorthorhombic) 15.0236 9.1972 14.6654. 90.0492 2014.46 1.967 light green [64]
Na5Ni2(PO4)3 • H2O Pentasodium dinickel triphosphate hydrate monoclinic space group P21/n 14.0395 5.185 16.4739 110.419 [65]
Na6Ni2(PO4)3OH orthorhombic Pcmb 7.501 21.4661 7.173 [65]
Na2Ni3(OH)2(PO4)2 sodium nickel hydroxide phosphate monoclinic 14.259 5.695 4.933 104.28 2 3.816 [66]
NiNa4(P3O9)2 • 6H2O nickel tetrasodium cyclotriphosphate hexahydrate triclinic 6.157 6.820 10.918 α=80.21 β=97.8 γ=119.5 409.8 1 [67]
NiRb4(P3O9)2 nickel tetrarubidium cyclotriphosphate P-31c 7.288 7.288 20.343 2 [68]
NiCs4(P3O9)2 • 6H2O nickel tetracaesium cyclotriphosphate hydrate orthorhombic 19.992 6.500 18.445 4 [54]
NiCs4(PO3)6 nickel tetracaesium cyclotriphosphate rhombohedral P-31c 11.602 11.602 9.078 1058.24 2 [54]
NiAg4(P3O9)2 • 6H2O nickel tetrasilver cyclotriphosphate hexahydrate triclinic 9.209 8.053 6.841 α=89.15 β=102.94 γ=97.24 1 [69]
NiAg4(P3O9)2 nickel tetrasilver cyclotriphosphate triclinic 6.100 6.783 10.764 α = 78.66 β=96.85 γ=113.36 401 1 [69]
Ni(NH4)4(P3O9)2 • 4H2O nickel tetraammonium cyclotriphosphate tetrahydrate monoclinic 2 [70]
TlNi4(PO4)3 Thallium nickel triphosphate orthorhombic Cmc21 4 pale yellow [71]
Tl4Ni6(PO4)6 Thallium nickel hexaphosphate monoclinic Cm 4 yellow brown [71]
Tl2Ni4P2O7(PO4)2 monoclinic C2/c 8 brown [71]
NiMnSb Nickel manganese antimonide cubic 5.945 210.1 4 7.57 [72]
NiMnSi Nickel manganese silicide Orthorhombic 5.8967 3.6124 6.9162 147.32 4 [73][74]
NiMnGe orthorhombic Pnma 6.053 3.769 7.090 161.75 2 [75]
NiFeGe hexagonal [75]
TiNiSi orthorhombic [75]
NaNiIO6 sodium nickel periodate orthorhombic 8.599 2.492 10.281 220.3 [76]
KNiIO6 potassium nickel periodate orthorhombic 12.09 3.683 6.062 269.9 [76]
KNiIO6 potassium nickel periodate triclinic 6.4203 5.075 4.223 α= 65.07 β= 92.717 γ=109.95 116.51 [76]

References

  1. ↑ Wang, Xia; Xinxin Zhuang; Genbo Su; Youping He (2008). "A new ultraviolet filter: Rb2Ni(SO4)2.6H2O (RNSH) single crystal". Optical Materials 31 (2): 233–236. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2008.03.020. ISSN 0925-3467. Bibcode: 2008OptMa..31..233W. http://ir.fjirsm.ac.cn/bitstream/350002/5857/1/Wang-2008-A%20new%20ultraviolet%20fi.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "Nickelboussingaultite: Nickelboussingaultite mineral information and data.". http://www.mindat.org/min-2896.html. 
  3. ↑ "Nickelblödite: Nickelblödite mineral information and data.". http://www.mindat.org/min-2890.html. 
  4. ↑ Mellor 405-406
  5. ↑ Goedken, V. L.; Vallarino, L. M.; Quagliano, J. V. (December 1971). "Cationic ligands. Coordination of the 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium cation to nickel(II)". Inorganic Chemistry 10 (12): 2682–2685. doi:10.1021/ic50106a011. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Mellor p419
  7. ↑ Haynes, W. M., ed (2014). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (95 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–77–4–78. ISBN 978-1-4822-0867-2. 
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  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Mellor p420
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  12. ↑ Mellor 457
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  14. ↑ Jantsch, G. (11 June 1912). "Zur Kenntnis der Doppelnitrate der seltenen Erden. II. Mitteilung". Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 76 (1): 303–323. doi:10.1002/zaac.19120760112. https://zenodo.org/record/1428132. 
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  16. ↑ Urbain, G. (1 July 1904). "Sur une terre yttrique voisine du gadolinium". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 139 (7): 736–738. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30930/f736.image.r=. Retrieved 14 July 2016. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Chernorukov, N. G.; Knyazev, A. V.; Sazonov, A. A. (11 October 2009). "Synthesis, structure, and physicochemical properties of bivalent element hexanitratothorates". Radiochemistry 51 (5): 437–440. doi:10.1134/S1066362209050014. Bibcode: 2009Radch..51..437C. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Tenten, A.; Jacobs, H. (December 1991). "Substitutionsvarianten von Nickel(II) amid: ternäre amidoniccolate mit Lithium und Caesium Li3Ni4(NH2)11•NH3 und Cs2Ni(NH2)4•NH3". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 177 (2): 193–217. doi:10.1016/0925-8388(91)90074-6. 
  19. ↑ Jacobs, Herbert; Niewa, Rainer; Sichla, Thomas; Tenten, Andreas; Zachwieja, Uwe (January 1997). "Metal nitrogen compounds with unusual chemical bonding: nitrides, imides, amides and ammine complexes". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 246 (1–2): 91–100. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02458-9. 
  20. ↑ Tenten, A.; Jacobs, H. (October 1991). "Partielle Substitution von Nickel durch Natrium in Nickel(II)-amid: Isolierte Na4Ni2(NH2)8•4NH3-Einheiten in Natriumtetraamidoniccolat(II)-diammoniakat" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 604 (1): 113–126. doi:10.1002/zaac.19916040115. 
  21. ↑ Reilly, James J.; Wiswall, Richard H. (November 1968). "Reaction of hydrogen with alloys of magnesium and nickel and the formation of Mg2NiH4". Inorganic Chemistry 7 (11): 2254–2256. doi:10.1021/ic50069a016. 
  22. ↑ Schmitz-DuMont, O.; Uecker, G.; Schaal, W. (October 1969). "Dihydrogenphosphide und Dihydrogenphosphidosalze der Übergangsmetalle. I. Nickel(II)-dihydrogenphosphid und Kalium-tris-[dihydrogen-phosphido]-niccolat (II)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 370 (1–2): 67–79. doi:10.1002/zaac.19693700108. 
  23. ↑ Montgomery, H. (15 September 1980). "Diammonium nickel bis(tetrafluoroberyllate)hexahydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B 36 (9): 2121–2123. doi:10.1107/S0567740880008060. Bibcode: 1980AcCrB..36.2121M. 
  24. ↑ Rây, Nirmalendunath (18 April 1936). "Fluoberyllate und ihre Analogie mit Sulfaten. IV. Doppelsalze mit Rubidium- und Cäsiumfluoberyllaten" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 227 (1): 32–36. doi:10.1002/zaac.19362270105. 
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  26. ↑ "Nickelzippeite: Nickelzippeite mineral information and data.". http://www.mindat.org/min-2898.html. 
  27. ↑ Dutreilh, M.; Chevalier, C.; El-Ghozzi, M.; Avignant, D.; Montel, J.M. (January 1999). "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Lithium Nickel Fluorophosphate Li2[NiF(PO4)] with an Ordered Mixed Anionic Framework". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 142 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1006/jssc.1998.7908. Bibcode: 1999JSSCh.142....1D. 
  28. ↑ Ellis, Brian L.; Makahnouk, W. R. Michael; Rowan-Weetaluktuk, W. N.; Ryan, D. H.; Nazar, Linda F. (9 February 2010). "Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Properties of A2MPO4F Fluorophosphates (A=Na, Li; M=Fe, Mn, Co, Ni)". Chemistry of Materials 22 (3): 1059–1070. doi:10.1021/cm902023h. 
  29. ↑ Nickel, E. H.; Bridge, P. J. (March 1977). "Nickelblödite Na2Ni(SO4)2.4H2O, a new mineral from Western Australia". Mineralogical Magazine 41 (317): 37–41. doi:10.1180/minmag.1977.041.317.06. Bibcode: 1977MinM...41...37N. http://rruff.info/doclib/mm/vol41/MM41_37.pdf. Retrieved 10 July 2016. 
  30. ↑ Swanson, H. E.; H. F. McMurdie (September 1970). "Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns". National Bureau of Standards Monograph 25 Section 6. National Bureau of Standards. p. 46. http://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/techreports/PDF/NBS25-6.pdf. 
  31. ↑ Swanson, H. E.; H. F. McMurdie (September 1970). "Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns". National Bureau of Standards Monograph 25 Section 8. National Bureau of Standards. p. 72. http://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/techreports/PDF/NBS25-8.pdf. 
  32. ↑ "AtomWork materials database at NIMS". http://crystdb.nims.go.jp/. 
  33. ↑ Lepierre, Ch.; Lachaud, M. (1 July 1892). "Chimie Minerale - Recherche sur le nickel et le cobalt". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 115: 115. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3071t/f115.item.zoom. Retrieved 11 July 2016. 
  34. ↑ Hamida, Makram Ben (July 2007). Oxo-Selenate(IV) und Oxo-Arsenate(III) der SeltenErd-Metalle und ihre Derivate (Thesis). Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg. p. 147.
  35. ↑ Hamida, Makram Ben (July 2007). Oxo-Selenate(IV) und Oxo-Arsenate(III) der SeltenErd-Metalle und ihre Derivate (Thesis). Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg. p. 149.
  36. ↑ Barthelmy, Dave. "Honessite Mineral Data". http://webmineral.com/data/Honessite.shtml#.V4JFJTXm7uc. 
  37. ↑ "NiTi(SO4)3 (TiNi[SO43) Crystal Structure"]. Springer. https://materials.springer.com/isp/crystallographic/docs/sd_0307171. 
  38. ↑ "AtomWork". http://crystdb.nims.go.jp/crystdb/search-details?substance_id=36175&tabDetail=pageS&need_more_value=&pageD=0&reference_id=4294985181&pageA=1&pageSubP=1&errorCode=0&pageSubD=1&pageSubA=1&isVisiblePeriodicTable=true&tab=pageA&tabSub=pageA&isNeedMoreValueError=false&search-type=search-materials&condition_type=chemical_system&history=true&pageS=1&pageP=0&pageSubS=1&condition_value=O+Se+Ni+Na+H&need_more_type=prototype_number&material_id=4295516555&page=1&isConditionValueError=false. 
  39. ↑ Ebert, M.; Vojtíšek, P. (1993). "The Hydrates of Double Selenates". Chemical Papers 47 (5): 292–296. http://www.chempap.org/?id=7&paper=3746. open access
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Tutton, A. E. H. (1 January 1918). "Monoclinic Double Selenates of the Nickel Group". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 217 (549–560): 199–235. doi:10.1098/rsta.1918.0006. Bibcode: 1918RSPTA.217..199T. 
  41. ↑ Euler, Η.; Barbier, Β.; Meents, A.; Kirfel, A. (January 2003). "Crystal structure of Tutton′s salts, Cs2[MII(H2O)6](SeO4)2, M=Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 218 (JG). doi:10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.jg.437.  open access
  42. ↑ Tutton, A. E. H. (1 January 1928). "The Hexahydrated Double Selenates Containing Thallium. Completion of the Thallium Salts and of the Whole Monoclinic Series". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 118 (780): 393–426. doi:10.1098/rspa.1928.0060. Bibcode: 1928RSPSA.118..393T. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 ElMaadi, A.; Boukhari, A.; Holt, E. M. (September 1995). "Crystal structures of the new diphosphates, K2NiP2O7 and K6Sr2Ni5(P2O7)5". Journal of Chemical Crystallography 25 (9): 531–536. doi:10.1007/BF01667020. 
  44. ↑ Krickl, Robert; Wildner, Manfred (1 November 2007). "Crystal chemistry of synthetic Co- and Ni-analogues of natrochalcite – the shortest known hydrogen bonds among mineral-type compounds Part I: Single-crystal X-ray structures". European Journal of Mineralogy 19 (6): 805–816. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-1770. Bibcode: 2007EJMin..19..805K. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 El-Bali, B.; Bolte, M.; Boukhari, A.; Aride, J.; Taibe, M. (15 May 1999). "BaNi2(PO4)2". Acta Crystallographica Section C 55 (5): 701–702. doi:10.1107/S0108270199000499. 
  46. ↑ Rogado, N.; Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Ramirez, A. P.; Huse, D.; Cava, R. J. (4 April 2002). "A two-dimensional honeycomb antiferromagnet". Physical Review B 65 (14). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.65.144443. Bibcode: 2002PhRvB..65n4443R. 
  47. ↑ David, Rénald (5 April 2016). "Synthesis and crystal structure of Na4Ni7(AsO4)6". Acta Crystallographica Section E 72 (5): 632–634. doi:10.1107/S2056989016005417. PMID 27308006. PMC 4908513. http://journals.iucr.org/e/issues/2016/05/00/vn2109/vn2109.pdf. Retrieved 16 July 2016. 
  48. ↑ Zheng, Y. Q.; Adam, A. (15 September 1994). "Potassium trans-tetraaquadicarbonatonickelate(II), K2[Ni(CO3)2(H2O)4]". Acta Crystallographica Section C 50 (9): 1422–1424. doi:10.1107/S0108270193012855. 
  49. ↑ Zheng, Y. Q.; Adam, A. (1 January 1995). "Crystal structure of dirubidium trans-tetraaquabis(carbonato)-cobaltate(II), Rb2[Co(CO3)2(H2O)4] and dirubidium trans-tetraaquabis(carbonato)-nickelate(II), Rb2[Ni(CO3)2(H2O)4]". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 210 (6): 447. doi:10.1524/zkri.1995.210.6.447. Bibcode: 1995ZK....210..447Z. 
  50. ↑ Chippindale, AM; Sharma, AV; Hibble, SJ (30 April 2009). "Potassium nickel(II) gallium phosphate hydrate, K[NiGa2(PO4)3(H2O)2"]. Acta Crystallographica Section E 65 (Pt 5): i38–i39. doi:10.1107/s1600536809015438. PMID 21583729. 
  51. ↑ Moutataouia, Meryem; Lamire, Mohammed; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen (24 December 2013). "Potassium trinickel(II) orthophosphate diphosphate, KNi3(PO4)P7O7". Acta Crystallographica Section E 70 (1): i5. doi:10.1107/S1600536813034089. PMID 24526940. 
  52. ↑ Galoisy, L; Calas, G (March 1993). "XANES and crystal field spectroscopy of five-coordinated Nickel(II) in potassium-nickel phosphate". Materials Research Bulletin 28 (3): 221–228. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(93)90155-7. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Trobajo, Camino; Salvadó, Miguel A.; Pertierra, Pilar; Alfonso, Belén F.; Blanco, Jesús A.; Khainakov, Serguei A.; García, José R. (September 2007). "Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Characterization of Two Phosphate Compounds Related with the Mineral Struvite: KNiPO4.6H2O and NaNiPO4.7H2O". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 633 (11–12): 1932–1936. doi:10.1002/zaac.200700342. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 Sbai, Kacem; Atibi, Azeddine; Kenz, Abdelkebir; Tace, Elmostafa; Tridane, Malika (2003). "CHEMICAL PREPARATION AND CRYSTAL DATA FOR TWO CONDENSED PHOSPHATES NiCs4(PO3)6 AND NiK4(P3O9)2". Phosphorus Research Bulletin 16: 107–111. doi:10.3363/prb1992.16.0_107. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prb1992/16/0/16_107/_pdf. 
  55. ↑ Moutataouia, Meryem; Lamire, Mohammed; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen (12 May 2012). "Sodium pentapotassium pentanickel tetra(diphosphate), NaK5Ni5(P2O7)3". Acta Crystallographica Section E 68 (6): i43. doi:10.1107/S160053681202017X. PMID 22719274. 
  56. ↑ Guerra-López, J.; Gómez, A.; Pomés, R.; González, R. (10 January 2013). "X-ray powder diffraction data for ammonium nickel phosphate monohydrate". Powder Diffraction 10 (3): 152–153. doi:10.1017/S0885715600014627. Bibcode: 1995PDiff..10..152G. 
  57. ↑ Blachnik, R.; Wiest, Th.; Dülmer, A.; Reuter, H. (1 January 1997). "The crystal structure of ammonium hexaaquanickel(II) phosphate". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 212 (1): 20. doi:10.1524/zkri.1997.212.1.20. Bibcode: 1997ZK....212...20B. 
  58. ↑ Wu, Xuehang; Wu, Wenwei; Li, Shushu; Cui, Xuemin; Liao, Sen (7 October 2010). "Kinetics and thermodynamics of thermal decomposition of NH4NiPO4.6H2O". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 103 (3): 805–812. doi:10.1007/s10973-010-1057-5. 
  59. ↑ Haferburg, Götz; Kloess, Gert; Schmitz, Werner; Kothe, Erika (June 2008). ""Ni-struvite" – A new biomineral formed by a nickel resistant Streptomyces acidiscabies". Chemosphere 72 (3): 517–523. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.02.050. PMID 18410951. Bibcode: 2008Chmsp..72..517H. 
  60. ↑ Warda, S. A.; Lee, S.-L. (1 January 1997). "Refinement of the crystal structure of lithium nickel phosphate, LiNiPO4". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 212 (1). doi:10.1524/ncrs.1997.212.1.319. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Korchemkin, I. V.; Pet'kov, I. V.; Kurazhkovskaya, V. S.; Borovikova, E. Yu. (25 March 2015). "Synthesis of sodium nickel phosphate and its crystallographic, spectroscopic, and temperature-controlled X-ray diffraction study". Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 60 (3): 265–269. doi:10.1134/S0036023615030092. 
  62. ↑ Minakshi, Manickam; Mitchell, David; Jones, Rob; Alenazey, Feraih; Watcharatharapong, Teeraphat; Chakraborty, Sudip; Ahuja, Rajeev (2016). "Synthesis, structural and electrochemical properties of sodium nickel phosphate for energy storage devices". Nanoscale 8 (21): 11291–11305. doi:10.1039/C6NR01179A. PMID 27189034. Bibcode: 2016Nanos...811291M. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/31533/. 
  63. ↑ Moring, J.; Kostiner, E. (March 1986). "The crystal structure of Na4Ni7(PO4)6". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 62 (1): 105–111. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(86)90221-5. Bibcode: 1986JSSCh..62..105M. 
  64. ↑ Azzaoui, Khalil; Essehli, Rachid; Mejdoubi, El Miloud; El Bali, Brahim; Dusek, Michal; Fejfarova, Karla (2012). "Na3MP3O10.12H2O (M=Co, Ni): Crystal Structure and IR Spectroscopy". International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2012: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/702471. 
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 Kirsanova, Maria A.; Aksyonov, Dmitry A.; Maximova, Olga V.; Shvanskaya, Larisa V.; Vasiliev, Alexander N.; Tsirlin, Alexander A.; Abakumov, Artem M. (19 December 2018). "Crystal Structures and Low-Dimensional Ferromagnetism of Sodium Nickel Phosphates Na5Ni2(PO4)3.H2O and Na6Ni2(PO4)3OH". Inorganic Chemistry 58 (1): 610–621. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02791. PMID 30565920. 
  66. ↑ Yakubovich, O; Kiriukhina, G; Dimitrova, O; Volkov, A; Golovanov, A; Volkova, O; Zvereva, E; Baidya, S et al. (1 October 2013). "Crystal structure and magnetic properties of a new layered sodium nickel hydroxide phosphate, Na2Ni3(OH)2(PO4)2". Dalton Transactions 42 (41): 14718–14725. doi:10.1039/c3dt51657a. PMID 23877251. 
  67. ↑ Kacem Sbai; Azzeddine Atibi; Addelkrim Charaf; Mohamed Radid; A. Jouini (2001). "Etude des spectres vibrationnels et des proprietes physico-chimiques du cyclotriphosphate mixte de nickel et de sodium hexahydrate, NiNa4(P3O9)2•6H2O" (in fr). Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux 26 (6): 45–61. doi:10.1016/s0151-9107(01)80098-2. ISSN 0151-9107. 
  68. ↑ Tridane, M.; Belaaouad, S.; Sbai, K. (November 2000). "Chemical preparations and crystal data for eight new condensed phosphates". Solid State Sciences 2 (7): 701–704. doi:10.1016/S1293-2558(00)01081-5. Bibcode: 2000SSSci...2..701T. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Sbai, Kacem; Atibi, Azzeddine; Belaaouad, Saïd; Moutaabid, Mohamed (October 2002). "Etude Des Proprietes Physico-Chimiques du Cyclotriphosphate Mixte de Nickel et D'argent Hexahydrate, NiAg4(P3O9)2•6H2O". Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 177 (10): 2345–2362. doi:10.1080/10426500214290. 
  70. ↑ Ezzaafrani, M.; Ennaciri, Abdelaziz; Harcharras, Mohamed; Khaoulaf, Redouane; Capitelli, Francesco (March 2012). "Crystal structure and infrared spectrum of new magnesium tetra-ammonium cyclotriphosphate tetrahydrate Mg(NH4)4(P3O9)2•4H2O". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 227 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1524/zkri.2012.1472. Bibcode: 2012ZK....227..141E. 
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 Panahandeh, Ahmad; Jung, Walter (September 2003). "The Oxidation of Heterogeneous Tl/Ni/P-Alloys— Preparation and Crystal Structures of the Thallium Nickel Phosphates TlNi4(PO4)3, Tl4Ni7(PO4)6, and Tl2Ni4(P2O7)(PO4)2". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 629 (10): 1651–1660. doi:10.1002/zaac.200300133. 
  72. ↑ "NiMnSb (MnNiSb) Crystal Structure - SpringerMaterials". http://materials.springer.com/isp/crystallographic/docs/sd_0558354. 
  73. ↑ Zhang, Rui-Jing; Eckern, Ulrich; Schwingenschlögl, Udo (27 August 2014). "Fate of Half-Metallicity Near Interfaces: The Case of NiMnSb/MgO and NiMnSi/MgO". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6 (16): 14516–14521. doi:10.1021/am5037753. PMID 24998299. 
  74. ↑ Johnson, V. (May 1975). "Diffusionless orthorhombic to hexagonal transitions in ternary silicides and germanides". Inorganic Chemistry 14 (5): 1117–1120. doi:10.1021/ic50147a032. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 Bazela, W.; Szytuła, A.; Todorović, J.; Tomkowicz, Z.; Zięba, A. (16 December 1976). "Crystal and magnetic structure of NiMnGe". Physica Status Solidi A 38 (2): 721–729. doi:10.1002/pssa.2210380235. Bibcode: 1976PSSAR..38..721B. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 "Соединения Ni (тома 11-14)". http://www.kipt.kharkov.ua/kipt_sites/isspmst/crystal/ni/ni11-14.html. 



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