Chemistry:Nickel double salts

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Short description: Class of chemical compounds

Nickel is one of the metals that can form Tutton's salts. The singly charged ion can be any of the full range of potassium, rubidium, cesium, ammonium ([math]\ce{ NH4 }[/math]), or thallium.[1] As a mineral the ammonium nickel salt, (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 • 6H2O, can be called nickelboussingaultite.[2] With sodium, the double sulfate is nickelblödite Na2Ni(SO4)2 • 4H2O from the blödite family. Nickel can be substituted by other divalent metals of similar sized to make mixtures that crystallise in the same form.[3]

Nickel forms double salts with Tutton's salt structure with tetrafluoroberyllate with the range of cations of ammonia,[4] potassium, rubidium, cesium,[5] and thallium.[6]

Anhydrous salts of the formula M2Ni2(SO4)3, which can be termed metal nickel trisulfates, belong to the family of langbeinites. The known salts include (NH4)2Ni2(SO4)3, K2Ni2(SO4)3 and Rb2Ni2(SO4)3, and those of Tl and Cs are predicted to exist.

Some minerals are double salts, for example Nickelzippeite Ni2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10 · 16H2O which is isomorphic to cobaltzippeite, magnesiozippeite and zinczippeite, part of the zippeite group.[7]

Double hydrides of nickel exist, such as Mg2NiH4.[8]

formula name mol struct cell Å ° V Z density colour refs
wt a b c β Å3 g/cm3
Li2[NiF(PO4)] Lithium nickel fluorophosphate 186.56 orthorhombic 10.473 6.289 10.846 714.3 8 3.469 [9]
Na2[NiF(PO4)] sodium nickel fluorophosphate 218.645 Pbcn 90 823.4 [10]
Na2Ni(SO4)2 • 4H2O nickelblödite 368.867 monoclinic 11.045 8.193 5.535 100.50 2.487 green [11]
K2Ni2(SO4)3 potassium nickel trisulfate 483.77 orthorhombic 9.8436 9.8436 9.8436 90 3.369 [12]
Rb2Ni2(SO4)3 rubidium nickel trisulfate 576.51 9.9217 9.9217 9.9217 90 3.921 [13]
(NH4)2Ni2(SO4)3 ammonium nickel trisulfate 441.65 orthorhombic 9.904 9.904 9.904 90 3.02 [14]
(NH4)4Ni3(SO4)5 ammonium nickel pentasulfate 728.56 yellow [15]
NiLa(SeO3)2Cl nickel lanthanum diselenite chloride 486.977 hexagonal 8.666 18.662 1194.2 6 (153K) [16]
NiNd10(SeO3)12Cl8 nickel Neodymium diselenite chloride monoclinic 15.8175 1578,68 19.276 114.202 7407 4 (153K) [17]
Ni6Fe3+2(SO4)(OH)16 • 4H2O honessite 904.08 trigonal 3.083 26.71 219.86 0.25 1.71 green [18]
NiTi(SO4)3 nickel titanium sulfate monoclinic 8.254 8.54 14.1444 124.967 817 4 3.21 [19]
Na2Ni(SeO4)2 • 2H2O sodium nickel selenate dihydrate triclinic 5.507 5.905 7.172 α = 108.56 °, β = 99.07 °, γ = 106.35 ° 204.2 1 [20]
K2Ni(SeO4)2 • 2H2O potassium nickel selenate dihydrate [21]
K2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O potassium nickel selenate Tuttons salt 527.52 monoclinic a b c 104.45 4 2.559 bright green [22]
Rb2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O rubidium nickel selenate Tuttons salt 619.62 monoclinic a b c 105.20 4 2.856 bright green [22]
Cs2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O caesium nickel selenate Tuttons salt 713.62 monoclinic 9.426 12.961 6.473 106.17 759.5 2 3.114 bright emerald green [22][23]
(NH4)2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O ammonium nickel selenate Tuttons salt 485.68 monoclinic a b c 106.29 4 2.243 bright green [22]
Tl2Ni(SeO4)2 • 6H2O thallium nickel selenate Tuttons salt monoclinic a b c 105.60 4 3.993 bright green [24]
K2NiP2O7 310.85 monoclinic P21 9.230 17.540 8.32 91.44 1346.3 8 3.067 [25]
K6Sr2Ni5(P2O7)5 786.55 monoclinic P21/c 11.038 9.53 7.438 100.13 1578 2 3.309 yellow [25]
NaNi2(SO4)2[(H2O)(OH)] monoclinic C2/m Natrochalcite-type 8.605 6.185 7.336 114.78 354.5 2 [26]
BaNi2(PO4)2 barium nickel phosphate Trigonal R-3 4.8112 4.8112 23.302 467.1 3 green [27]
BaNi2(AsO4)2 barium nickel arsenate Trigonal R-3 4.945 4.945 23.61 532.59 3 5.31 [27]
BaNi2(VO4)2 barium nickel vanadate Trigonal R-3 5.0375 5.0375 22.33 3 [28]
Na4Ni7(AsO4)6 tetrasodium heptanickel hexaarsenate 1336.3 monoclinic C2/m 14.538 14.505 10.6120 118.299 1970.3 4 brown [29]
K2Ni(CO3)2 • H2O potassium nickel carbonate
Potassium tetraaquadicarbonatonickelate 		monoclinic Baylissite-type 6.755 6.156 12.2406 113.265 467.6 2 2.34 [30]
Rb2Ni(CO3)2 • H2O Rubidium nickel carbonate monoclinic Baylissite-type 6.971 6.348 12.2807 114.289 495.34 2 2.83 [31]
NiTh(NO3)6 • 8H2O nickel thorium nitrate Monoclinic P21/c 9.089 8.728 13.565 96.65 1068.8(2) [32]
K[NiGa2(PO4)3(H2O)2] Potassium nickel(II) gallium phosphate hydrate 558.17 Monoclinic C2/c 13.209 10.173 8.813 107.68 1128.4 Z = 4 [33]
KNi3(PO4)P2O7 Potassium trinickel(II) orthophosphate diphosphate 484.14 Monoclinic 9.8591 9.3953 9.9778 118.965 808.63 4 [34]
KNiPO4 potassium nickel phosphate [35]
KNiPO4 • 6H2O potassium nickel phosphate hexahydrate monoclinic P21 6.8309 11.0610 6.1165 91.045 462.07 2 [36]
NiK4(P3O9)2 • 7H2O nickel potassium tricyclophosphate hydrate orthorhombic Fm2m 23.03 11.882 8.732 4 blue [37]
NiK4(P3O9)2 nickel potassium tricyclophosphate triclinic P-1 6.143 6.80 12.80 α=102.8 β=89.7 γ=66.03 473.56 1 [37]
NaK5Ni5(P2O7)4 Sodium pentapotassium pentanickel tetra(diphosphate) 1207.80 triclinic 7.188 9.282 10.026(5) α=109.31 β=90.02 γ=104.07 610.0 1 [38]
NH
4NiPO
4 · H2O 		ammonium nickel phosphate hydrate orthorhombic 5.566 8.760 4.742 231.2 [39]
NH
4NiPO
4 · 6H2O 		ammonium nickel phosphate hydrate
Ni-struvite 		Orthorhombic Pmn21 6.924 6.104 11.166 471.5 2 [40][41][42]
LiNiPO4 lithium nickel phosphate orthorhombic 10.032 5.855 4.681 274.9 4 brown [43]
NaNiPO4 sodium nickel phosphate Pnma maricite structure 8.7839 6.7426 5.0368 298.31 4 yellow [44]
NaNiPO4 sodium nickel phosphate Pnma triphylite form 4.98 6.13 9.98 304.23 [45]
Na4Ni7(PO4)6 Cm 10.550 13.985 6.398 104.87 912.4 2 3.906 [44][46]
NaNiPO4 • 7H2O sodium nickel phosphate heptahydrate tetrahedral P42/mmc 6.7390 10.9690 498.15 2 [36]
Na3NiP3O10 • 12H2O trisodium nickel triphosphate dodecahydrate monoclinic (pseudoorthorhombic) 15.0236 9.1972 14.6654. 90.0492 2014.46 1.967 light green [47]
Na5Ni2(PO4)3 • H2O Pentasodium dinickel triphosphate hydrate monoclinic space group P21/n 14.0395 5.185 16.4739 110.419 [48]
Na6Ni2(PO4)3OH orthorhombic Pcmb 7.501 21.4661 7.173 [48]
Na2Ni3(OH)2(PO4)2 sodium nickel hydroxide phosphate monoclinic 14.259 5.695 4.933 104.28 2 3.816 [49]
NiNa4(P3O9)2 • 6H2O nickel tetrasodium cyclotriphosphate hexahydrate triclinic 6.157 6.820 10.918 α=80.21 β=97.8 γ=119.5 409.8 1 [50]
NiRb4(P3O9)2 nickel tetrarubidium cyclotriphosphate P-31c 7.288 7.288 20.343 2 [51]
NiCs4(P3O9)2 • 6H2O nickel tetracaesium cyclotriphosphate hydrate orthorhombic 19.992 6.500 18.445 4 [37]
NiCs4(PO3)6 nickel tetracaesium cyclotriphosphate rhombohedral P-31c 11.602 11.602 9.078 1058.24 2 [37]
NiAg4(P3O9)2 • 6H2O nickel tetrasilver cyclotriphosphate hexahydrate triclinic 9.209 8.053 6.841 α=89.15 β=102.94 γ=97.24 1 [52]
NiAg4(P3O9)2 nickel tetrasilver cyclotriphosphate triclinic 6.100 6.783 10.764 α = 78.66 β=96.85 γ=113.36 401 1 [52]
Ni(NH4)4(P3O9)2 • 4H2O nickel tetraammonium cyclotriphosphate tetrahydrate monoclinic 2 [53]
TlNi4(PO4)3 Thallium nickel triphosphate orthorhombic Cmc21 4 pale yellow [54]
Tl4Ni6(PO4)6 Thallium nickel hexaphosphate monoclinic Cm 4 yellow brown [54]
Tl2Ni4P2O7(PO4)2 monoclinic C2/c 8 brown [54]
NiMnSb Nickel manganese antimonide cubic 5.945 210.1 4 7.57 [55]
NiMnSi Nickel manganese silicide Orthorhombic 5.8967 3.6124 6.9162 147.32 4 [56][57]
NiMnGe orthorhombic Pnma 6.053 3.769 7.090 161.75 2 [58]
NiFeGe hexagonal [58]
TiNiSi orthorhombic [58]
NaNiIO6 sodium nickel periodate orthorhombic 8.599 2.492 10.281 220.3 [59]
KNiIO6 potassium nickel periodate orthorhombic 12.09 3.683 6.062 269.9 [59]
KNiIO6 potassium nickel periodate triclinic 6.4203 5.075 4.223 α= 65.07 β= 92.717 γ=109.95 116.51 [59]

Double fluorides include the above-mentioned fluoroanion salts, and those fluoronickelates such as NiF4 and NiF6. Other odd ones include an apple green coloured KNiF3·H2O and NaNiF3·H2O, aluminium nickel pentafluoride AlNiF5·7H2O, ceric nickelous decafluoride Ce2NiF10·7H2O, niobium nickel fluoride Ni3H4Nb2F20·19H2O, vanadium nickel pentafluoride VNiF5·7H2O, vanadyl nickel tetrafluoride VONiF4·7H2O, chromic nickelous pentafluoride CrNiF5·7H2O, molybdenum nickel dioxytetrafluoride NiMoO2F4·6H2O, tungsten nickel dioxytetrafluoride NiWO2F4·6H2O and NiWO2F4·10H2O, manganic nickel pentafluoride MnNiF4·7H2O, nickelous ferric fluoride FeNiF5·7H2O.[60]

Nickel trichloride double salts exist which are polymers. Nickel is in octahedral coordination, with double halogen bridges. Examples of this include RbNiCl3, pinkish tan coloured H2NN(CH3)3NiCl3.[61] Other double trichlorides include potassium nickel trichloride KNiCl3·5H2O,[62] yellow cesium nickel trichloride CsNiCl3,[62] lithium nickel trichloride LiNiCl3·3H2O,[62] hyrdrazinium nickel tetrachloride,[62] and nickel ammonium chloride hexahydrate NH4NiCl3·6H2O.[63]

The tetrachloronickelates contain a tetrahedral NiCl42− and are dark blue. Some salts of organic bases are ionic liquids at standard conditions.[64] tetramethylammonium nickel trichloride is pink and very insoluble.[65] Other tetrachlorides include rubidium nickel tetrachloride, lithium nickel tetrachloride Li2NiCl4·4H2O stable from 23 to 60°, stannous nickel tetrachloride [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{SnCl2.NiCl2.6H2O} }[/math], stannic nickel hexachloride [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{SnCl4.NiCl2.6H2O} }[/math] is tetragonal.[66]

Lithium nickel hexachloride Li4NiCl6·10H2O is stable from 0 to 23°.

Copper nickel dioxychloride 2CuO·NiCl2·6H2O, and copper nickel trioxychloride 3CuO·NiCl2·4H2O.[62]

Cadmium dinickel hexachloride, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{CdCl2.2NiCl2.12H2O} }[/math] crystallises in hexagonal system, dicadmium dinickel hexachloride, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{2CdCl2.NiCl2.12H2O} }[/math] has rhombic crystals, and is pleochroic varying from light to dark green.[66]

Thallic nickel octochloride [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{2TlCl3.NiCl2.8H2O} }[/math] is bright green.[66]

Double bromides include the tetrabromonickelates, and also caesium nickel tribromide, CsNiBr3 copper nickel trioxybromide, 3CuO·NiBr2·4H2O mercuric nickel bromide, Hg2NiBr6, HgNiBr4. Aqueous nickel bromide reacting with mercuric oxide yields mercuric nickel oxybromide, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{6NiO.NiBr2.HgBr2.20H2O} }[/math] didymium nickel bromide, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{2(Pr,Nd)Br3.3NiBr2.18H2O} }[/math] is reddish brown (mixture of praseodymium and neodymium) Lanthanum nickel bromide, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{2LaBr3.3NiBr2.18H2O} }[/math] nickel stannic bromide (or nickel bromostannate) NiSnBr6·8H2O is apple green.[67][68]

The tetraiodonickelates are blood red coloured salts of the NiI4 ion with large cations. Double iodides known include mercuric nickel hexaiodide 2HgI2•NiI2 • 6H2O, mercuric nickel tetraiodide HgI2•NiI2 • 6H2O, and lead nickel hexaiodide I2•2NiI2 • 3H2O.[69]

The diperiodatonickelates of nickel IV are strong oxidisers, and akali monoperiodatonickelates also are known.

Nickel forms double nitrates with the lighter rare earth elements. The solid crystals have the formula [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Ni3Me2(NO3)12.24H2O} }[/math]. The metals include La Ce Pr Nd Sm Gd and the non rare earth Bi. Nickel can also be replaced by similar divalent ions, Mg, Mn Co Zn. For the nickel salts melting temperatures range from 110.5° for La, 108.5° for Ce, 108° for Pr, 105.6° for Nd, 92.2° for Sm and down to 72.5° for Gd The Bi salt melting at 69°. Crystal structure is hexagonal with Z=3.[70] [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Ni3La2(NO3)12.24H2O} }[/math] becomes ferromagnetic below 0.393 K.[71] These double nickel nitrates have been used to separate the rare earth elements by fractional crystallization.[72]

Nickel thorium nitrate has formula NiTh(NO3)6 • 8H2O. Nickel atoms can be substituted by other ions with radius 0.69 to 0.83 Å. The nitrates are coordinated on the thorium atom and the water to the nickel. Enthalp of solution of the octahydrate is 7 kJ/mol. Enthalpy of formation is -4360 kJ/mol. At 109° the octahydrate becomes [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{NiTh(NO3)6.6H2O} }[/math], and at 190° [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{NiTh(NO3)6.3H2O} }[/math] and anhydrous at 215°.[32] The hexahydrate has Pa3 cubic structure.[32]

Various double amides containing nickel clusters have been made using liquid ammonia as a solvent. Substances made include red Li3Ni4(NH2)11·NH3 (Pna21; Z = 4; a = 16.344(3) Å; b = 12.310(2) Å; c = 8.113(2) Å v=1631 D=1.942), and Cs2Ni(NH2)4•NH3 (P21/c; Z = 4; a =9.553(3) Å; b = 8.734(3) Å; c = 14.243(3) Å; β = 129.96(3)° V=910 D=2.960). These are called amidonickel compounds.[73] Yet others include Li4Ni4(NH2)12·NH3, Na2Ni(NH2)4,[74] orange red Na2Ni(NH2)4•2NH3,[75] Na2Ni(NH2)4•NH3, K2Ni(NH2)4•0.23KNH2, and Rb2Ni(NH2)4•0.23RbNH2.[73]

Nickel dihydrogen phosphide (Ni(PH2)2) can form orange, green or black double salts KNi(PH2)3) that crystallise from liquid ammonia. They are unstable above -78 °C, giving off ammonia, phosphine and hydrogen.[76]

References

  1. ↑ Wang, Xia; Xinxin Zhuang; Genbo Su; Youping He (2008). "A new ultraviolet filter: [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Rb2Ni(SO4)2.6H2O} }[/math] (RNSH) single crystal". Optical Materials 31 (2): 233–236. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2008.03.020. ISSN 0925-3467. Bibcode: 2008OptMa..31..233W. http://ir.fjirsm.ac.cn/bitstream/350002/5857/1/Wang-2008-A%20new%20ultraviolet%20fi.pdf. 
  2. ↑ "Nickelboussingaultite: Nickelboussingaultite mineral information and data.". http://www.mindat.org/min-2896.html. 
  3. ↑ "Nickelblödite: Nickelblödite mineral information and data.". http://www.mindat.org/min-2890.html. 
  4. ↑ Montgomery, H. (15 September 1980). "Diammonium nickel bis(tetrafluoroberyllate)hexahydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B 36 (9): 2121–2123. doi:10.1107/S0567740880008060. Bibcode: 1980AcCrB..36.2121M. 
  5. ↑ Rây, Nirmalendunath (18 April 1936). "Fluoberyllate und ihre Analogie mit Sulfaten. IV. Doppelsalze mit Rubidium- und Cäsiumfluoberyllaten" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 227 (1): 32–36. doi:10.1002/zaac.19362270105. 
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  17. ↑ Hamida, Makram Ben (July 2007). Oxo-Selenate(IV) und Oxo-Arsenate(III) der SeltenErd-Metalle und ihre Derivate (Thesis). Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg. p. 149.
  18. ↑ Barthelmy, Dave. "Honessite Mineral Data". http://webmineral.com/data/Honessite.shtml#.V4JFJTXm7uc. 
  19. ↑ "[math]\displaystyle{ \ce{NiTi(SO4)3 (TiNi[SO4]3)} }[/math] Crystal Structure". Springer. https://materials.springer.com/isp/crystallographic/docs/sd_0307171. 
  20. ↑ "AtomWork". http://crystdb.nims.go.jp/crystdb/search-details?substance_id=36175&tabDetail=pageS&need_more_value=&pageD=0&reference_id=4294985181&pageA=1&pageSubP=1&errorCode=0&pageSubD=1&pageSubA=1&isVisiblePeriodicTable=true&tab=pageA&tabSub=pageA&isNeedMoreValueError=false&search-type=search-materials&condition_type=chemical_system&history=true&pageS=1&pageP=0&pageSubS=1&condition_value=O+Se+Ni+Na+H&need_more_type=prototype_number&material_id=4295516555&page=1&isConditionValueError=false. 
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  23. ↑ Euler, Η.; Barbier, Β.; Meents, A.; Kirfel, A. (January 2003). "Crystal structure of Tutton′s salts, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Cs2[M^{II}(H2O)6](SeO4)2} }[/math], M=Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 218 (JG). doi:10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.jg.437.  open access
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  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 ElMaadi, A.; Boukhari, A.; Holt, E. M. (September 1995). "Crystal structures of the new diphosphates, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{K2NiP2O7} }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{K6Sr2Ni5(P2O7)5} }[/math]". Journal of Chemical Crystallography 25 (9): 531–536. doi:10.1007/BF01667020. 
  26. ↑ Krickl, Robert; Wildner, Manfred (1 November 2007). "Crystal chemistry of synthetic Co- and Ni-analogues of natrochalcite – the shortest known hydrogen bonds among mineral-type compounds Part I: Single-crystal X-ray structures". European Journal of Mineralogy 19 (6): 805–816. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-1770. Bibcode: 2007EJMin..19..805K. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 El-Bali, B.; Bolte, M.; Boukhari, A.; Aride, J.; Taibe, M. (15 May 1999). "[math]\displaystyle{ \ce{BaNi2 (PO4 )2} }[/math]". Acta Crystallographica Section C 55 (5): 701–702. doi:10.1107/S0108270199000499. 
  28. ↑ Rogado, N.; Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Ramirez, A. P.; Huse, D.; Cava, R. J. (4 April 2002). "A two-dimensional honeycomb antiferromagnet". Physical Review B 65 (14): 144443. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.65.144443. Bibcode: 2002PhRvB..65n4443R. 
  29. ↑ David, Rénald (5 April 2016). "Synthesis and crystal structure of [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Na4Ni7(AsO4)6} }[/math]". Acta Crystallographica Section E 72 (5): 632–634. doi:10.1107/S2056989016005417. PMID 27308006. PMC 4908513. http://journals.iucr.org/e/issues/2016/05/00/vn2109/vn2109.pdf. Retrieved 16 July 2016. 
  30. ↑ Zheng, Y. Q.; Adam, A. (15 September 1994). "Potassium trans-tetraaquadicarbonatonickelate(II), [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{K2[Ni(CO3)2(H2O)4]} }[/math]". Acta Crystallographica Section C 50 (9): 1422–1424. doi:10.1107/S0108270193012855. 
  31. ↑ Zheng, Y. Q.; Adam, A. (1 January 1995). "Crystal structure of dirubidium trans-tetraaquabis(carbonato)-cobaltate(II), [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Rb2[Co(CO3)2(H2O)4]} }[/math] and dirubidium trans-tetraaquabis(carbonato)-nickelate(II), [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Rb2[Ni(CO3)2(H2O)4]} }[/math]". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 210 (6): 447. doi:10.1524/zkri.1995.210.6.447. Bibcode: 1995ZK....210..447Z. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Chernorukov, N. G.; Knyazev, A. V.; Sazonov, A. A. (11 October 2009). "Synthesis, structure, and physicochemical properties of bivalent element hexanitratothorates". Radiochemistry 51 (5): 437–440. doi:10.1134/S1066362209050014. 
  33. ↑ Chippindale, AM; Sharma, AV; Hibble, SJ (30 April 2009). "Potassium nickel(II) gallium phosphate hydrate, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{K[NiGa2(PO4)3(H2O)2]} }[/math].". Acta Crystallographica Section E 65 (Pt 5): i38–i39. doi:10.1107/s1600536809015438. PMID 21583729. 
  34. ↑ Moutataouia, Meryem; Lamire, Mohammed; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen (24 December 2013). "Potassium trinickel(II) orthophosphate diphosphate, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{KNi3(PO4 )P7O7 } }[/math]". Acta Crystallographica Section E 70 (1): i5. doi:10.1107/S1600536813034089. PMID 24526940. 
  35. ↑ Galoisy, L; Calas, G (March 1993). "XANES and crystal field spectroscopy of five-coordinated Nickel(II) in potassium-nickel phosphate". Materials Research Bulletin 28 (3): 221–228. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(93)90155-7. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Trobajo, Camino; Salvadó, Miguel A.; Pertierra, Pilar; Alfonso, Belén F.; Blanco, Jesús A.; Khainakov, Serguei A.; García, José R. (September 2007). "Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Characterization of Two Phosphate Compounds Related with the Mineral Struvite: [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{KNiPO4.6H2O} }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{NaNiPO4.7H2O} }[/math]". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 633 (11–12): 1932–1936. doi:10.1002/zaac.200700342. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Sbai, Kacem; Atibi, Azeddine; Kenz, Abdelkebir; Tace, Elmostafa; Tridane, Malika (2003). "CHEMICAL PREPARATION AND CRYSTAL DATA FOR TWO CONDENSED PHOSPHATES NiCs4(PO3)6 AND NiK4(P3O9)2". Phosphorus Research Bulletin 16: 107–111. doi:10.3363/prb1992.16.0_107. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prb1992/16/0/16_107/_pdf. 
  38. ↑ Moutataouia, Meryem; Lamire, Mohammed; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen (12 May 2012). "Sodium pentapotassium pentanickel tetra(diphosphate), [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{NaK5Ni5(P2O7)3 } }[/math]". Acta Crystallographica Section E 68 (6): i43. doi:10.1107/S160053681202017X. PMID 22719274. 
  39. ↑ Guerra-López, J.; Gómez, A.; Pomés, R.; González, R. (10 January 2013). "X-ray powder diffraction data for ammonium nickel phosphate monohydrate". Powder Diffraction 10 (3): 152–153. doi:10.1017/S0885715600014627. Bibcode: 1995PDiff..10..152G. 
  40. ↑ Blachnik, R.; Wiest, Th.; Dülmer, A.; Reuter, H. (1 January 1997). "The crystal structure of ammonium hexaaquanickel(II) phosphate". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 212 (1): 20. doi:10.1524/zkri.1997.212.1.20. Bibcode: 1997ZK....212...20B. 
  41. ↑ Wu, Xuehang; Wu, Wenwei; Li, Shushu; Cui, Xuemin; Liao, Sen (7 October 2010). "Kinetics and thermodynamics of thermal decomposition of [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{NH4NiPO4.6H2O } }[/math]". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 103 (3): 805–812. doi:10.1007/s10973-010-1057-5. 
  42. ↑ Haferburg, Götz; Kloess, Gert; Schmitz, Werner; Kothe, Erika (June 2008). ""Ni-struvite" – A new biomineral formed by a nickel resistant Streptomyces acidiscabies". Chemosphere 72 (3): 517–523. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.02.050. PMID 18410951. Bibcode: 2008Chmsp..72..517H. 
  43. ↑ Warda, S. A.; Lee, S.-L. (1 January 1997). "Refinement of the crystal structure of lithium nickel phosphate, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{LiNiPO4 } }[/math]". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 212 (1). doi:10.1524/ncrs.1997.212.1.319. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Korchemkin, I. V.; Pet'kov, I. V.; Kurazhkovskaya, V. S.; Borovikova, E. Yu. (25 March 2015). "Synthesis of sodium nickel phosphate and its crystallographic, spectroscopic, and temperature-controlled X-ray diffraction study". Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 60 (3): 265–269. doi:10.1134/S0036023615030092. 
  45. ↑ Minakshi, Manickam; Mitchell, David; Jones, Rob; Alenazey, Feraih; Watcharatharapong, Teeraphat; Chakraborty, Sudip; Ahuja, Rajeev (2016). "Synthesis, structural and electrochemical properties of sodium nickel phosphate for energy storage devices". Nanoscale 8 (21): 11291–11305. doi:10.1039/C6NR01179A. PMID 27189034. Bibcode: 2016Nanos...811291M. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/31533/. 
  46. ↑ Moring, J.; Kostiner, E. (March 1986). "The crystal structure of [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Na4Ni7(PO4)6 } }[/math]". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 62 (1): 105–111. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(86)90221-5. Bibcode: 1986JSSCh..62..105M. 
  47. ↑ Azzaoui, Khalil; Essehli, Rachid; Mejdoubi, El Miloud; El Bali, Brahim; Dusek, Michal; Fejfarova, Karla (2012). "[math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Na3MP3O10.12H2O} }[/math] (M=Co, Ni): Crystal Structure and IR Spectroscopy". International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2012: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/702471. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Kirsanova, Maria A.; Aksyonov, Dmitry A.; Maximova, Olga V.; Shvanskaya, Larisa V.; Vasiliev, Alexander N.; Tsirlin, Alexander A.; Abakumov, Artem M. (19 December 2018). "Crystal Structures and Low-Dimensional Ferromagnetism of Sodium Nickel Phosphates [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Na5Ni2(PO4)3.H2O} }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Na6Ni2(PO4)3OH} }[/math]". Inorganic Chemistry 58 (1): 610–621. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02791. PMID 30565920. 
  49. ↑ Yakubovich, O; Kiriukhina, G; Dimitrova, O; Volkov, A; Golovanov, A; Volkova, O; Zvereva, E; Baidya, S et al. (1 October 2013). "Crystal structure and magnetic properties of a new layered sodium nickel hydroxide phosphate, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Na2Ni3(OH)2(PO4)2} }[/math].". Dalton Transactions 42 (41): 14718–14725. doi:10.1039/c3dt51657a. PMID 23877251. 
  50. ↑ Kacem Sbai; Azzeddine Atibi; Addelkrim Charaf; Mohamed Radid; A. Jouini (2001). "Etude des spectres vibrationnels et des proprietes physico-chimiques du cyclotriphosphate mixte de nickel et de sodium hexahydrate, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{NiNa4(P3O9)2.6H2O} }[/math]" (in fr). Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux 26 (6): 45–61. doi:10.1016/s0151-9107(01)80098-2. ISSN 0151-9107. 
  51. ↑ Tridane, M.; Belaaouad, S.; Sbai, K. (November 2000). "Chemical preparations and crystal data for eight new condensed phosphates". Solid State Sciences 2 (7): 701–704. doi:10.1016/S1293-2558(00)01081-5. Bibcode: 2000SSSci...2..701T. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Sbai, Kacem; Atibi, Azzeddine; Belaaouad, Saïd; Moutaabid, Mohamed (October 2002). "Etude Des Proprietes Physico-Chimiques du Cyclotriphosphate Mixte de Nickel et D'argent Hexahydrate, [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{NiAg4(P3O9)2.6H2O} }[/math]". Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 177 (10): 2345–2362. doi:10.1080/10426500214290. 
  53. ↑ Ezzaafrani, M.; Ennaciri, Abdelaziz; Harcharras, Mohamed; Khaoulaf, Redouane; Capitelli, Francesco (March 2012). "Crystal structure and infrared spectrum of new magnesium tetra-ammonium cyclotriphosphate tetrahydrate [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Mg(NH4 )4(P3O9)2. 4 H2O} }[/math]". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 227 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1524/zkri.2012.1472. Bibcode: 2012ZK....227..141E. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Panahandeh, Ahmad; Jung, Walter (September 2003). "The Oxidation of Heterogeneous Tl/Ni/P-Alloys— Preparation and Crystal Structures of the Thallium Nickel Phosphates [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{TlNi4(PO4)3, Tl4Ni7(PO4)6} }[/math], and [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Tl2Ni4(P2O7)(PO4)2} }[/math]". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 629 (10): 1651–1660. doi:10.1002/zaac.200300133. 
  55. ↑ "NiMnSb (MnNiSb) Crystal Structure - SpringerMaterials". http://materials.springer.com/isp/crystallographic/docs/sd_0558354. 
  56. ↑ Zhang, Rui-Jing; Eckern, Ulrich; Schwingenschlögl, Udo (27 August 2014). "Fate of Half-Metallicity Near Interfaces: The Case of NiMnSb/MgO and NiMnSi/MgO". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6 (16): 14516–14521. doi:10.1021/am5037753. PMID 24998299. 
  57. ↑ Johnson, V. (May 1975). "Diffusionless orthorhombic to hexagonal transitions in ternary silicides and germanides". Inorganic Chemistry 14 (5): 1117–1120. doi:10.1021/ic50147a032. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Bazela, W.; Szytuła, A.; Todorović, J.; Tomkowicz, Z.; Zięba, A. (16 December 1976). "Crystal and magnetic structure of NiMnGe". Physica Status Solidi A 38 (2): 721–729. doi:10.1002/pssa.2210380235. Bibcode: 1976PSSAR..38..721B. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 "Соединения Ni (тома 11-14)". http://www.kipt.kharkov.ua/kipt_sites/isspmst/crystal/ni/ni11-14.html. 
  60. ↑ Mellor 405-406
  61. ↑ Goedken, V. L.; Vallarino, L. M.; Quagliano, J. V. (December 1971). "Cationic ligands. Coordination of the 1,1,1-trimethylhydrazinium cation to nickel(II)". Inorganic Chemistry 10 (12): 2682–2685. doi:10.1021/ic50106a011. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 Mellor p419
  63. ↑ Haynes, W. M., ed (2014). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (95 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–77–4–78. ISBN 978-1-4822-0867-2. 
  64. ↑ Meredith, M. Brett; McMillen, C. Heather; Goodman, Jonathan T.; Hanusa, Timothy P. (August 2009). "Ambient temperature imidazolium-based ionic liquids with tetrachloronickelate(II) anions". Polyhedron 28 (12): 2355–2358. doi:10.1016/j.poly.2009.04.037. 
  65. ↑ Cotton, F. A.; Faut, O. D.; Goodgame, D. M. L. (January 1961). "Preparation, Spectra and Electronic Structures of Tetrahedral Nickel(II) Complexes Containing Triphenylphosphine and Halide Ions as Ligands". Journal of the American Chemical Society 83 (2): 344–351. doi:10.1021/ja01463a021. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 Mellor p420
  67. ↑ "Inorganic chemistry Abstracts". Journal of the Chemical Society, Abstracts 46: 1254. 1884. doi:10.1039/CA8844601254. 
  68. ↑ Mellor 457
  69. ↑ Mellor, J. W. (1946). "Nickel". A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Volume XV Ni Ru, Rh Pd, Os, Ir. https://archive.org/details/b2980789x_0015/. Retrieved 17 January 2019. 
  70. ↑ Jantsch, G. (11 June 1912). "Zur Kenntnis der Doppelnitrate der seltenen Erden. II. Mitteilung". Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 76 (1): 303–323. doi:10.1002/zaac.19120760112. https://zenodo.org/record/1428132. 
  71. ↑ Mess, K.W.; Lagendijk, E.; Zimmerman, N.J.; Van Duyneveldt, A.J.; Giesen, J.J.; Huiskamp, W.J. (July 1969). "Magnetic and caloric study of the phase transitions of copper, nickel, manganese and cobalt lanthanum double nitrate". Physica 43 (2): 165–208. doi:10.1016/0031-8914(69)90001-9. Bibcode: 1969Phy....43..165M. 
  72. ↑ Urbain, G. (1 July 1904). "Sur une terre yttrique voisine du gadolinium". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 139 (7): 736–738. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30930/f736.image.r=. Retrieved 14 July 2016. 
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Tenten, A.; Jacobs, H. (December 1991). "Substitutionsvarianten von Nickel(II) amid: ternäre amidoniccolate mit Lithium und Caesium [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Li3Ni4(NH2)11.NH3} }[/math] und [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Cs2Ni(NH2)4.NH3} }[/math]". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 177 (2): 193–217. doi:10.1016/0925-8388(91)90074-6. 
  74. ↑ Jacobs, Herbert; Niewa, Rainer; Sichla, Thomas; Tenten, Andreas; Zachwieja, Uwe (January 1997). "Metal nitrogen compounds with unusual chemical bonding: nitrides, imides, amides and ammine complexes". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 246 (1–2): 91–100. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02458-9. 
  75. ↑ Tenten, A.; Jacobs, H. (October 1991). "Partielle Substitution von Nickel durch Natrium in Nickel(II)-amid: Isolierte [math]\displaystyle{ \ce{Na4Ni2(NH2)8.4NH3} }[/math]-Einheiten in Natriumtetraamidoniccolat(II)-diammoniakat" (in de). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 604 (1): 113–126. doi:10.1002/zaac.19916040115. 
  76. ↑ Schmitz-DuMont, O.; Uecker, G.; Schaal, W. (October 1969). "Dihydrogenphosphide und Dihydrogenphosphidosalze der Übergangsmetalle. I. Nickel(II)-dihydrogenphosphid und Kalium-tris-[dihydrogen-phosphido]-niccolat (II)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 370 (1–2): 67–79. doi:10.1002/zaac.19693700108. 



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