Chemistry:Oleoresin
Oleoresin is a terpene-rich defensive secretion of conifer trees, composed of a volatile turpentine fraction, and a semi-solid resin and essential or fatty oil.[1] The oleoresin of conifers are known as crude turpentine or gum turpentine, which consists of oil of turpentine and rosin.[2]
Oleoresin yields are affected by extrinsic factors, such as soil fertility, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, by intrinsic factors, such as genetics, age, size, health, and competition.[3]
In kraft pulping, conifer woodchips are cooked with chemicals to extract cellulose fiber, oleoresin is also extracted as a tall oil byproduct.[4] Industrial oleoresin derivatives are versatile:
- Rosin & derivatives
- Adhesives, sizing, tackifiers, plasticizers, printing inks.
- Turpentine
- Solvents in coatings, paints.
- Fatty acids
- Soap, detergents, lubricants, drilling fluids.
When the oleoresin of the balsam fir tree (Abies balsamea) is dissolved in xylene and used for making permanent microscope slides, it is called Canada balsam.[5]
Oleoresin capsicum
An extract from chili (Capsicum) peppers. Capsaicinoid fractions are obtained by evaporating relevant solvents.[6] Capsaicinoids cause dermatitis as well as nasal, ocular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal effects in humans.[7]
Processing of oleoresin capsicum is conducted on a large scale, especially in China (400,000 tons per year in the 1990s).[8]
Paprika oleoresin
A paprika extract, also known as capsanthin or capsorubin, obtained from the dried fruits of (capsicum annuum) paprika peppers, primarily used as a coloring agent in foods and, to a lesser extent animal feeds.[9] Also known to be used in the manufacture of cosmetic soaps, a well-known pipe dope, Rectorseal #5, is stated to have an "oleoresinous base".
References
- ↑ Celedon, Jose M.; Bohlmann, Jörg (2019). "Oleoresin defenses in conifers: chemical diversity, terpene synthases and limitations of oleoresin defense under climate change". New Phytologist 224 (4): 1444–1463. doi:10.1111/nph.15984.
- ↑ "Turpentine". https://www.britannica.com/topic/turpentine.
- ↑ Fett-Neto, Arthur G.; Rodrigues-Corrêa, Kelly C. S. (January 2012). "Anatomical aspects of resin canals and oleoresin production in pine trees". Pine Resin: Biology, Chemistry and Applications. pp. 16. ISBN 9788130804934.
- ↑ Gullichsen, Johan; Paulapuro, Hannu (2000). "18". Chemical Pulping. Papermaking Science and Technology. 6B. Finland. pp. B378–B388. ISBN 952-5216-06-3.
- ↑ Gage, Simon Henry (1941). The Microscope (17 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Comstock. p. 443. OCLC 547782.
- ↑ Commission, British Pharmacopoeia (2009), "EXTRACTS", British Pharmacopoeia, 3, Stationery Office, ISBN 978-0-11-322799-0
- ↑ Satpute, Ravindra M.; Kushwaha, Pramod K.; Nagar, D. P.; Rao, P. V. L. (February 2018). "Comparative safety evaluation of riot control agents of synthetic and natural origin". Inhalation Toxicology 30 (2): 89–97. doi:10.1080/08958378.2018.1451575.
- ↑ Lars-Hugo Norlin (2002). "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_057.
- ↑ Silva, Maria Manuela; Reboredo, Fernando Henrique; Lidon, Fernando Cebola (2022). "Food Colour Additives: A Synoptical Overview on Their Chemical Properties, Applications in Food Products, and Health Side Effects". Foods 11 (3): 379. doi:10.3390/foods11030379. PMC 8834239. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030379.
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