Chemistry:Retrobright
thumb|A TRS-80 Color Computer showing significant yellowing thumb|The same computer after treatment, showing yellowing largely reversed
Retrobright (stylized as retr0bright or Retrobrite[1]) is a hydrogen peroxide-based process for removing yellowing from ABS plastics.
Yellowing in ABS plastic occurs when it is exposed to UV light or excessive heat, which causes photo-oxidation of polymers that breaks polymer chains and causes the plastic to yellow and become brittle.[2]
History
One method of reversing the yellowed discoloration coined the term was first discovered in 2007 in a German retrocomputing forum,[3] before spreading to an English blog where it was further detailed.[4][5][6] The process has been continually refined since.[1]
Composition
Retrobright consists of hydrogen peroxide, a small amount of the "active oxygen" laundry booster TAED as a catalyst, and a source of UV.[7]
The optimum mixture and conditions for reversing yellowing of plastics:
- A hydrogen peroxide solution (oxygenated water).[8] Hydrogen peroxide-based hair bleaching creams available at beauty supply stores can also be used, and are already viscous so that they can be applied less wastefully to yellowed plastics (especially large devices such as computer panels or monitors).[9][10] While this eliminates the difficulty of having to put together a batch directly from the instructions,[10] one must be careful to apply the cream and wrap consistently and evenly to avoid streaks in the final product.[11]
- A source of ultraviolet light,[8] from sunlight or a UV lamp.[7]
Xanthan gum or arrowroot can be added to the mixture, creating an easier-to-apply gel.[citation needed]
Alternatives
Sodium percarbonate may also be used by dissolving it in water and following the usual steps for hydrogen peroxide, as it is sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide in a crystalline form.[8]
Ozone gas can also be used for retrobrighting, as long as an ozone generator, a suitable container of sufficient size and a source of UV are available, but can take longer than other methods.[8]
Effectiveness
The long-term effectiveness of these techniques is questioned. Some have discovered the yellowing reappears, and there are concerns that the process weakens and only bleaches the already damaged plastic.[12][13][14]
Similar processes
The usage has also expanded to other retro restoration applications, such as classic and collectible sneaker restoration, where it is referred to by collectors as "sole sauce".[15]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ángel Jiménez de Luis (May 25, 2010). "Retr0bright lava más blanco". http://www.elmundo.es/blogs/elmundo/el-gadgetoblog/2010/05/25/retr0bright-lava-mas-blanco.html.
- ↑ Yousif, E.; Haddad, R. (August 23, 2013). "Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: review". SpringerPlus 2: 398. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-398. PMID 25674392.
- ↑ "Forum64 — Restaurierung eines C-64G, oder das Gastgeschenk des DOC64". February 19, 2007. https://www.forum64.de/index.php?thread/14918-restaurierung-eines-c-64g-oder-das-gastgeschenk-des-doc64/&postID=139741#post139741.
- ↑ "The "Retr0bright" Project". July 28, 2010. http://retr0bright.wikispaces.com:80/.
- ↑ Doctorow, Cory (March 2, 2009). "Open source computer polish: Retr0Brite". http://www.boingboing.net/2009/03/02/open-source-computer.html.
- ↑ Mossesgeld, Rico (July 28, 2010). "How To Restore Your Beige Retro Hardware". Tom's Hardware. https://www.tomsguide.com/us/retr0bright-hardware-restoration,news-7595.html.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Maushammer, John (March 2, 2009). "Un-Yellow Old Plastics – Retr0brite!". https://makezine.com/2009/03/02/unyellow-old-plastics-retr0brite/.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Murray, David (20 August 2017). "Adventures in Retrobrite - New techniques for restoring yellowed plastic!". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZYbchvSUDY. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ↑ Narcisse, Evan (September 24, 2014). "The Secret To Keeping Old Consoles Looking New? Hair Product.". https://kotaku.com/super-strong-hair-product-is-the-secret-to-get-old-cons-1638537069.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Murray, David (April 6, 2013). How to fix yellowed plastics on old computers!. The 8-Bit Guy. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
- ↑ "How Retrobright Works! - The Geek Pub" (in en-US). The Geek Pub. May 27, 2018. https://www.thegeekpub.com/13216/how-retrobright-works/.
- ↑ Stewart, Terry (January 17, 2013). "Retr0Bright (or RetroBright) treated plastics re-yellowing even with minimal light exposure?". http://www.classic-computers.org.nz/blog/2013-01-15-retr0bright-only-temporary.htm.
- ↑ Petersen, Anja Liss (January 19, 2011). "Afrensning af plast med RetrObright" (in danish). http://aktuelbevaring.natmus.dk/afrensning-af-plast-med-retrobright.html.
- ↑ Flood, David (April 14, 2018). "A Look into the Yellowing and Deyellowing of ABS Plastics". https://medium.com/@pueojit/a-look-into-the-yellowing-and-deyellowing-of-abs-plastics-db14b646e0ad.
- ↑ "How to Easily Restore Yellowed Shoes" (in en). https://angelusdirect.com/blogs/news/how-to-easily-restore-yellowed-shoes.
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