Chemistry:Vitamin A5
Vitamin A5 is a group of compounds, including 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinol as vitamin A5 alcohol, 9-cis-13,14-dihydro-beta-carotene as pro-vitamin A5 [1] [2] and 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid as the active derivative and the endogenous relevant activator of the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) [3].
Vitamin A5 belongs to the group of vitamin A and transmits its activity similar to other ligand-activated nuclear receptors being nutritional precursor of ligands of the nuclear receptors-superfamily, comparable to retinol / vitamin A1 functioning as a nutritional precursor for the all-trans-form of retinoic acid the endogenous ligand of the retinoic acid receptors [3].
In 2021, this vitamin A5 was proven in model systems to positively modify stress, depression and anxiety [4] as well as having positive effects of cognition and memory [2].
References
- ↑ "9-Cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid, a new endogenous mammalian ligand of the retinoid X receptor and the active ligand of a potential new vitamin category: vitamin A5". Nutrition Review 76 (12): 929–941. 2018. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuy057. PMID 30358857.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Vitamin A5/X, a new food to lipid hormone concept for a nutritional ligand to control RXR-mediated signaling". Nutrients 13 (3): 925. 2021. doi:10.3390/nu13030925. PMID 33809241.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid is an endogenous retinoid acting as RXR ligand in mice". PLOS Genetics 11 (6): e1005213. 2015. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005213. PMID 26030625.
- ↑ "Vitamin A5/X controls stress-adaptation and prevents depressive-like behaviors in a mouse model of chronic stress". Neurobiol Stress 3 (15): 100375. 2021. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100375. PMID 34401411.
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