Chemistry:Xylulose 5-phosphate
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
5-O-Phosphonato-D-xylulose
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| Systematic IUPAC name
d-threo-Pent-2-ulose 5-phosphate[1] | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| MeSH | xylulose-5-phosphate |
PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C5H11O8P | |
| Molar mass | 230.109 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
 verify (what is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |
D-Xylulose 5-phosphate (D-xylulose-5-P) is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. It is a ketose sugar formed from ribulose-5-phosphate by ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase. In the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, xylulose-5-phosphate acts as a donor of two-carbon ketone groups in transketolase reactions.[2]
Xylulose-5-phosphate also plays a crucial role in the regulation of glycolysis through its interaction with the bifunctional enzyme PFK2/FBPase2. Specifically, it activates protein phosphatase, which then dephosphorylates PFK2/FBPase2. This inactivates the FBPase2 activity of the bifunctional enzyme and activates its PFK2 activity.[3] As a result, the production of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increases, ultimately leading to an upregulation of glycolysis.[4]
Although previously thought of mainly as an intermediary in the pentose phosphate pathway, recent research reported that the sugar also has a role in gene expression, mainly by promoting the ChREBP transcription factor in the well-fed state.[5][6] However, more recent study showed that D-glucose-6-phosphate, rather than D-xylulose-5-phosphate, is essential for the activation of ChREBP in response to glucose.[7]
References
- ↑ "2-Carb-10". IUPAC. https://iupac.qmul.ac.uk/2carb/10.html.
- ↑ "The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 90 (3): 927–963. August 2015. doi:10.1111/brv.12140. PMID 25243985.
- ↑ Nelson, David L.; Cox, Michael M.; Nelson, David L. (2013). Lehninger, Albert L.. ed. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (6th ed.). Basingstoke: Macmillan Higher Education. pp. 606. ISBN 978-1-4292-3414-6.
- ↑ "Short- and Long-Term Adaptation to Altered Levels of Glucose: Fifty Years of Scientific Adventure". Annual Review of Biochemistry 90 (1): 31–55. June 2021. doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-070820-125228. PMID 34153217.
- ↑ "Xylulose 5-phosphate mediates glucose-induced lipogenesis by xylulose 5-phosphate-activated protein phosphatase in rat liver". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (9): 5107–5112. April 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.0730817100. PMID 12684532. Bibcode: 2003PNAS..100.5107K.
- ↑ "ChREBP: a glucose-activated transcription factor involved in the development of metabolic syndrome". Endocrine Journal 55 (4): 617–624. August 2008. doi:10.1507/endocrj.k07e-110. PMID 18490833.
- ↑ "Glucose 6-phosphate, rather than xylulose 5-phosphate, is required for the activation of ChREBP in response to glucose in the liver". Journal of Hepatology 56 (1): 199–209. January 2012. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.07.019. PMID 21835137.
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