Company:Amec Foster Wheeler

From HandWiki
Amec Foster Wheeler plc
TypePublic limited company
Short description: Stock exchange in the City of London
London Stock Exchange
Arms
Arms
TypeStock exchange
LocationCity of London, England, United Kingdom
Founded30 December 1801; 224 years ago (1801-12-30)
OwnerLondon Stock Exchange Group
Key people
CurrencySterling (most primary listings; stock prices are quoted in pence rather than pounds)
No. of listings1,918 issuers [1]
Market capUSD$3.18 trillion (as of August 2023)[2]
Indices
  • FTSE 100 Index
  • FTSE 250 Index
  • FTSE 350 Index
  • FTSE SmallCap Index
  • FTSE All-Share Index
Website{{{1}}}

London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a stock exchange in the City of London, England , United Kingdom. As of August 2023, the total market value of all companies trading on the LSE stood at $3.18 trillion.[3] Its current premises are situated in Paternoster Square close to St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. Since 2007, it has been part of the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG (LSE: [Script error: No such module "Stock tickers/LSE". LSEG])).[4] The LSE is the most-valued stock exchange in Europe as of 2023.[5] According to the 2020 Office for National Statistics report, approximately 12% of UK-resident individuals reported having investments in stocks and shares.[6] According to the 2020 Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) report, approximately 15% of UK adults reported having investments in stocks and shares.[7]

History

Coffee House

The Royal Exchange had been founded by English financier Thomas Gresham and Sir Richard Clough on the model of the Antwerp Bourse. It was opened by Elizabeth I of England in 1571.[8][9]

During the 17th century, stockbrokers were not allowed in the Royal Exchange due to their rude manners. They had to operate from other establishments in the vicinity, notably Jonathan's Coffee-House. At that coffee house, a broker named John Castaing started listing the prices of a few commodities, such as salt, coal, paper, and exchange rates in 1698. Originally, this was not a daily list and was only published a few days of the week.[10]

This list and activity was later moved to Garraway's coffee house. Public auctions during this period were conducted for the duration that a length of tallow candle could burn; these were known as "by inch of candle" auctions. As stocks grew, with new companies joining to raise capital, the royal court also raised some monies. These are the earliest evidence of organised trading in marketable securities in London.

Royal Exchange

After Gresham's Royal Exchange building was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, it was rebuilt and re-established in 1669. This was a move away from coffee houses and a step towards the modern model of stock exchange.[11]

The Royal Exchange housed not only brokers but also merchants and merchandise. This was the birth of a regulated stock market, which had teething problems in the shape of unlicensed brokers. In order to regulate these, Parliament passed an Act in 1697 that levied heavy penalties, both financial and physical, on those brokering without a licence. It also set a fixed number of brokers (at 100), but this was later increased as the size of the trade grew. This limit led to several problems, one of which was that traders began leaving the Royal Exchange, either by their own decision or through expulsion, and started dealing in the streets of London. The street in which they were now dealing was known as 'Exchange Alley', or 'Change Alley'; it was suitably placed close to the Bank of England. Parliament tried to regulate this and ban the unofficial traders from the Change streets.

Traders became weary of "bubbles" when companies rose quickly and fell, so they persuaded Parliament to pass a clause preventing "unchartered" companies from forming.

After the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), trade at Jonathan's Coffee House boomed again. In 1773, Jonathan, together with 150 other brokers, formed a club and opened a new and more formal "Stock Exchange" in Sweeting's Alley. This now had a set entrance fee, by which traders could enter the stock room and trade securities. It was, however, not an exclusive location for trading, as trading also occurred in the Rotunda of the Bank of England. Fraud was also rife during these times and in order to deter such dealings, it was suggested that users of the stock room pay an increased fee. This was not met well and ultimately, the solution came in the form of annual fees and turning the Exchange into a Subscription room.

The Subscription room created in 1801 was the first regulated exchange in London, but the transformation was not welcomed by all parties. On the first day of trading, non-members had to be expelled by a constable. In spite of the disorder, a new and bigger building was planned, at Capel Court.

William Hammond laid the first foundation stone for the new building on 18 May. It was finished on 30 December when "The Stock Exchange" was incised on the entrance.

First Rule Book

London Stock Exchange in 1810

In the Exchange's first operating years, on several occasions there was no clear set of regulations or fundamental laws for the Capel Court trading. In February 1812, the General Purpose Committee confirmed a set of recommendations, which later became the foundation of the first codified rule book of the Exchange. Even though the document was not a complex one, topics such as settlement and default were, in fact, quite comprehensive.

With its new governmental commandments[12] and increasing trading volume, the Exchange was progressively becoming an accepted part of the financial life in the city. In spite of continuous criticism from newspapers and the public, the government used the Exchange's organised market (and would most likely not have managed without it) to raise the enormous amount of money required for the wars against Napoleon.

Foreign and regional exchanges

After the war and facing a booming world economy, foreign lending to countries such as Brazil, Peru and Chile was a growing market. Notably, the Foreign Market at the Exchange allowed for merchants and traders to participate, and the Royal Exchange hosted all transactions where foreign parties were involved. The constant increase in overseas business eventually meant that dealing in foreign securities had to be allowed within all of the Exchange's premises.

Just as London enjoyed growth through international trade, the rest of Great Britain also benefited from the economic boom. Two other cities, in particular, showed great business development: Liverpool and Manchester. Consequently, in 1836 both the Manchester and Liverpool stock exchanges were opened. Some stock prices sometimes rose by 10%, 20% or even 30% in a week. These were times when stockbroking was considered a real business profession, and such attracted many entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, with booms came busts, and in 1835 the "Spanish panic" hit the markets, followed by a second one two years later.

The Exchange before the World Wars

Debenture of The Stock Exchange, issued 1 January 1899.

By June 1853, both participating members and brokers were taking up so much space that the Exchange was now uncomfortably crowded, and continual expansion plans were taking place. Having already been extended west, east, and northwards, it was then decided the Exchange needed an entire new establishment. Thomas Allason was appointed as the main architect, and in March 1854, the new brick building inspired from the Great Exhibition stood ready. This was a huge improvement in both surroundings and space, with twice the floor space available.

By the late 1800s, the telephone, ticker tape, and the telegraph had been invented. Those new technologies led to a revolution in the work of the Exchange.

First World War

Stock certificate of the London Stock Exchange, issued on 31 March 1920, declared as a qualification share. The capital of the Exchange from its incorporation consisted of 20,000 shares held only by its members, with trustees and directors required to hold 10 qualification shares.
Stock certificate of the London Stock Exchange, issued on 31 March 1920, declared as a qualification share. The capital of the Exchange from its incorporation consisted of 20,000 shares held only by its members, with trustees and directors required to hold 10 qualification shares.

As the financial centre of the world, both the City and the Stock Exchange were hit hard by the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Due to fears that borrowed money was to be called in and that foreign banks would demand their loans or raise interest, prices surged at first. The decision to close the Exchange for improved breathing space and to extend the August Bank Holiday to prohibit a run on banks, was hurried through by the committee and Parliament, respectively. The Stock Exchange ended up being closed from the end of July until the New Year, causing street business to be introduced again, as well as the "challenge system".

The Exchange was set to open again on 4 January 1915 under tedious restrictions: transactions were to be in cash only. Due to the limitations and challenges on trading brought by the war, almost a thousand members quit the Exchange between 1914 and 1918. When peace returned in November 1918, the mood on the trading floor was generally cowed. In 1923, the Exchange received its own coat of arms, with the motto Dictum Meum Pactum, My Word is My Bond.

Second World War

In 1937, officials at the Exchange used their experiences from World War I to draw up plans for how to handle a new war. The main concerns included air raids and the subsequent bombing of the Exchange's perimeters, and one suggestion was a move to Denham, Buckinghamshire. This however never took place. On the first day of September 1939, the Exchange closed its doors "until further notice" and two days later World War II was declared. Unlike in the prior war, the Exchange opened its doors again six days later, on 7 September.

As the war escalated into its second year, the concerns for air raids were greater than ever. Eventually, on the night of 29 December 1940, one of the greatest fires in London's history took place. The Exchange's floor was hit by a clutch of incendiary bombs, which were extinguished quickly. Trading on the floor was now drastically low and most was done over the phone to reduce the possibility of injuries.

The Exchange was only closed for one more day during wartime, in 1945 due to damage from a V-2 rocket. Nonetheless, trading continued in the house's basement.

Post-war

Trading floor in 1955

After decades of uncertain if not turbulent times, stock market business boomed in the late 1950s. This spurred officials to find new, more suitable accommodation. The work on the new Stock Exchange Tower began in 1967. The Exchange's new 321 feet (98 metres) high building had 26 storeys with council and administration at the top, and middle floors let out to affiliate companies. Queen Elizabeth II opened the building on 8 November 1972; it was a new City landmark, with its 23,000 sq ft (2,100 m2) trading floor.

The Stock Exchange Tower pictured from atop the National Westminster Tower in 1983

1973 marked a year of changes for the Stock Exchange. First, two trading prohibitions were abolished. A report from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission recommended the admittance of both women and foreign-born members on the floor. Second, in March the London Stock Exchange formally merged with the eleven British and Irish regional exchanges, including the Scottish Stock Exchange.[13] This expansion led to the creation of a new position of Chief Executive Officer; after an extensive search this post was given to Robert Fell. There were more governance changes in 1991, when the governing Council of the Exchange was replaced by a Board of Directors drawn from the Exchange's executive, customer, and user base; and the trading name became "The London Stock Exchange".

FTSE 100 Index (pronounced "Footsie 100") was launched by a partnership of the Financial Times and the Stock Exchange on 3 January 1984. This turned out to be one of the most useful indices of all, and tracked the movements of the 100 leading companies listed on the Exchange.

IRA bombing

On 20 July 1990, a bomb planted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded in the men's toilets behind the visitors' gallery. The area had already been evacuated and nobody was injured.[14] About 30 minutes before the blast at 8:49 a.m., a man who said he was a member of the IRA told Reuters that a bomb had been placed at the exchange and was about to explode. Police officials said that if there had been no warning, the human toll would have been very high.[15] The explosion ripped a hole in the 23-storey building in Threadneedle Street and sent a shower of glass and concrete onto the street.[16] The long-term trend towards electronic trading platforms reduced the Exchange's attraction to visitors, and although the gallery reopened, it was closed permanently in 1992.

"Big Bang"

The biggest event of the 1980s was the sudden de-regulation of the financial markets in the UK in 1986. The phrase "Big Bang" was coined to describe measures, including abolition of fixed commission charges and of the distinction between stockjobbers and stockbrokers on the London Stock Exchange, as well as the change from an open outcry to electronic, screen-based trading.

In 1995, the Exchange launched the Alternative Investment Market, the AIM, to allow growing companies to expand into international markets. Two years later, the Electronic Trading Service (SETS) was launched, bringing greater speed and efficiency to the market. Next, the CREST settlement service was launched. In 2000, the Exchange's shareholders voted to become a public limited company, London Stock Exchange plc. London Stock Exchange also transferred its role as UK Listing Authority to the Financial Services Authority (FSA-UKLA).

EDX London, an international equity derivatives business, was created in 2003 in partnership with OM Group. The Exchange also acquired Proquote Limited, a new generation supplier of real-time market data and trading systems.

Paternoster Square; LSEG occupies the building that takes up much of the right side of this picture.
London Stock Exchange office interior at Paternoster Square

The old Stock Exchange Tower became largely redundant with Big Bang, which deregulated many of the Stock Exchange's activities: computerised systems and dealing rooms replaced face-to-face trading. In 2004, London Stock Exchange moved to a brand-new headquarters in Paternoster Square, close to St Paul's Cathedral.

In 2007, the London Stock Exchange merged with Borsa Italiana, creating London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). The Group's headquarters are in Paternoster Square.

The Stock Exchange in Paternoster Square was the initial target for the protesters of Occupy London on 15 October 2011. Attempts to occupy the square were thwarted by police.[17] Police sealed off the entrance to the square as it is private property, a High Court injunction having previously been granted against public access to the square.[18] The protesters moved nearby to occupy the space in front of St Paul's Cathedral.[19] The protests were part of the global Occupy movement.

On 25 April 2019, the final day of the Extinction Rebellion disruption in London, 13 activists glued themselves together in a chain, blocking the entrances of the Stock Exchange.[20][21] The protesters were all later arrested on suspicion of aggravated trespass.[21] Extinction Rebellion had said its protesters would target the financial industry "and the corrosive impacts of the ... sector on the world we live in" and activists also blocked entrances to HM Treasury and the Goldman Sachs office on Fleet Street.[22]

Activities

Primary markets

There are two main markets on which companies trade on the LSE: the main market and the alternative investment market.

Main Market

The main market is home to over 1,300 large companies from 60 countries.[23] The FTSE 100 Index ("footsie") is the main share index of the 100 most highly capitalised UK companies listed on the Main Market.[24]

Alternative Investment Market

The Alternative Investment Market is LSE's international market for smaller companies. A wide range of businesses including early-stage, venture capital-backed, as well as more-established companies join AIM seeking access to growth capital. The AIM is classified as a Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) under the 2004 MiFID directive, and as such it is a flexible market with a simpler admission process for companies wanting to be publicly listed.[25]

Secondary markets

The securities available for trading on London Stock Exchange:[26]

Post trade

Through the Exchange's Italian arm, Borsa Italiana, the London Stock Exchange Group as a whole offers clearing and settlement services for trades through CC&G (Cassa di Compensazione e Garanzia) and Monte Titoli.[27][28] is the Groups Central Counterparty (CCP) and covers multiple asset classes throughout the Italian equity, derivatives and bond markets. CC&G also clears Turquoise derivatives. Monte Titoli (MT) is the pre-settlement, settlement, custody and asset services provider of the Group. MT operates both on-exchange and OTC trades with over 400 banks and brokers.

Technology

London Stock Exchange's trading platform is its own Linux-based edition named Millennium Exchange.[29]

Their previous trading platform TradElect was based on Microsoft's .NET Framework, and was developed by Microsoft and Accenture. For Microsoft, LSE was a good combination of a highly visible exchange and yet a relatively modest IT problem.[30]

Despite TradElect only being in use for about two years,[31] after suffering multiple periods of extended downtime and unreliability[32][33] the LSE announced in 2009 that it was planning to switch to Linux in 2010.[34][35] The main market migration to MillenniumIT technology was successfully completed in February 2011.[36]

LSEG provides high-performance technology, including trading, market surveillance and post-trade systems, for over 40 organisations and exchanges, including the Group's own markets. Additional services include network connectivity, hosting and quality assurance testing. MillenniumIT, GATElab and Exactpro are among the Group's technology companies.[37]

The LSE facilitates stock listings in a currency other than its "home currency". Most stocks are quoted in GBP but some are quoted in EUR while others are quoted in USD.

Mergers and acquisitions

On 3 May 2000, it was announced that the LSE would merge with the Deutsche Börse; however this fell through.[38]

On 23 June 2007, the London Stock Exchange announced that it had agreed on the terms of a recommended offer to the shareholders of the Borsa Italiana S.p.A. The merger of the two companies created a leading diversified exchange group in Europe. The combined group was named the London Stock Exchange Group, but still remained two separate legal and regulatory entities. One of the long-term strategies of the joint company is to expand Borsa Italiana's efficient clearing services to other European markets.

In 2007, after Borsa Italiana announced that it was exercising its call option to acquire full control of MBE Holdings; thus the combined Group would now control Mercato dei Titoli di Stato, or MTS. This merger of Borsa Italiana and MTS with LSE's existing bond-listing business enhanced the range of covered European fixed income markets.

London Stock Exchange Group acquired Turquoise (TQ), a Pan-European MTF, in 2009.[39]

On 9 October 2020, London Stock Exchange agreed to sell the Borsa Italiana (including Borsa's bond trading platform MTS) to Euronext for €4.3 billion (£3.9 billion) in cash.[40] Euronext completed the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group on 29 April 2021 for a final price of €4,444 million.[41]

On 12 Dec 2022, Microsoft bought a nearly 4% stake in LSE (London Stock Exchange Group) as part of a ten-year cloud deal.[42]

NASDAQ bids

In December 2005, London Stock Exchange rejected a £1.6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie Bank. London Stock Exchange described the offer as "derisory", a sentiment echoed by shareholders in the Exchange. Shortly after Macquarie withdrew its offer, the LSE received an unsolicited approach from NASDAQ valuing the company at £2.4 billion. This too it rejected. NASDAQ later pulled its bid, and less than two weeks later on 11 April 2006, struck a deal with LSE's largest shareholder, Ameriprise Financial's Threadneedle Asset Management unit, to acquire all of that firm's stake, consisting of 35.4 million shares, at £11.75 per share.[43] NASDAQ also purchased 2.69 million additional shares, resulting in a total stake of 15%. While the seller of those shares was undisclosed, it occurred simultaneously with a sale by Scottish Widows of 2.69 million shares.[44] The move was seen as an effort to force LSE to the negotiating table, as well as to limit the Exchange's strategic flexibility.[45]

Subsequent purchases increased NASDAQ's stake to 25.1%, holding off competing bids for several months.[46][47][48] United Kingdom financial rules required that NASDAQ wait for a period of time before renewing its effort. On 20 November 2006, within a month or two of the expiration of this period, NASDAQ increased its stake to 28.75% and launched a hostile offer at the minimum permitted bid of £12.43 per share, which was the highest NASDAQ had paid on the open market for its existing shares.[49] The LSE immediately rejected this bid, stating that it "substantially undervalues" the company.[50]

NASDAQ revised its offer (characterized as an "unsolicited" bid, rather than a "hostile takeover attempt") on 12 December 2006, indicating that it would be able to complete the deal with 50% (plus one share) of LSE's stock, rather than the 90% it had been seeking. The U.S. exchange did not, however, raise its bid. Many hedge funds had accumulated large positions within the LSE, and many managers of those funds, as well as Furse, indicated that the bid was still not satisfactory. NASDAQ's bid was made more difficult because it had described its offer as "final", which, under British bidding rules, restricted their ability to raise its offer except under certain circumstances.

In the end, NASDAQ's offer was roundly rejected by LSE shareholders. Having received acceptances of only 0.41% of rest of the register by the deadline on 10 February 2007, Nasdaq's offer duly lapsed.[51]

On 20 August 2007, NASDAQ announced that it was abandoning its plan to take over the LSE and subsequently look for options to divest its 31% (61.3 million shares) shareholding in the company in light of its failed takeover attempt.[52] In September 2007, NASDAQ agreed to sell the majority of its shares to Borse Dubai, leaving the United Arab Emirates-based exchange with 28% of the LSE.[53]

Proposed merger with TMX Group

On 9 February 2011, London Stock Exchange Group announced it had agreed to merge with the Toronto-based TMX Group, the owners of the Toronto Stock Exchange, creating a combined entity with a market capitalization of listed companies equal to £3.7 trillion.[54] Xavier Rolet, CEO of the LSE Group at the time, would have headed the new enlarged company, while TMX Chief Executive Thomas Kloet would have become the new firm president. London Stock Exchange Group however announced it was terminating the merger with TMX on 29 June 2011 citing that "LSEG and TMX Group believe that the merger is highly unlikely to achieve the required two-thirds majority approval at the TMX Group shareholder meeting".[55] Even though LSEG obtained the necessary support from its shareholders, it failed to obtain the required support from TMX's shareholders.

Opening times

Normal trading sessions on the main orderbook (SETS) are from 08:00 to 16:30 local time every day of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the exchange in advance. The detailed schedule is as follows:

  1. Trade reporting 07:15–07:50
  2. Opening auction 07:50–08:00
  3. Continuous trading 08:00–16:30
  4. Closing auction 16:30–16:35
  5. Order maintenance 16:35–17:00
  6. Trade reporting only 17:00–17:15

[56] Auction Periods (SETQx)

SETSqx (Stock Exchange Electronic Trading Service – quotes and crosses) is a trading service for securities less liquid than those traded on SETS.

The auction uncrossings are scheduled to take place at 8:00, 9:00, 11:00, 14:00, and 16:35.

Observed holidays are New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Bank Holiday, Spring Bank Holiday, Summer Bank Holiday, Christmas Day, and Boxing Day. If New Year's Day, Christmas Day, and/or Boxing Day falls on a weekend, the following working day is observed as a holiday.

Arms

Coat of arms of Amec Foster Wheeler
Adopted
10 September 1923
Crest
On a wreath of the colours, In front of a tower proper a lion passant guardant Or.
Escutcheon
Argent, a cross and in the first quarter a sword erect gules; on a chief of the second a balance Or.
Supporters
On either side a griffin sable, gorged with a mural crown Or.
Motto
DICTUM MEUM PACTUM[57]

See also

  • List of stock exchanges
  • List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations
  • List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories
  • Stock Exchange forgery 1872–73
  • TAURUS (share settlement)

References

  1. ↑ "Market Statistics - Focus (April 2023) The World Federation of Exchanges". World Federation of Exchanges. https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/april-2023/market-statistics. 
  2. ↑ "London Stock Exchange (LSE)". https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/lse. 
  3. ↑ "London Stock Exchange (LSE)". https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/lse. 
  4. ↑ "History of London Stock Exchange Group". http://www.lseg.com/about-london-stock-exchange-group/history. 
  5. ↑ Foy, Simon (2023-10-19). "London Stock Exchange overtakes Paris to regain crown as Europe’s biggest market" (in en-GB). The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/10/19/london-stock-exchange-overtakes-paris-europe-market/. 
  6. ↑ David Summers (3 March 2022). "Ownership of UK quoted shares: 2020". Office for National Statistics. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/investmentspensionsandtrusts/bulletins/ownershipofukquotedshares/2020. 
  7. ↑ Nisha Arora (11 February 2021). "Financial Lives 2020 survey: the impact of coronavirus". Financial Conduct Authority. https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/research/financial-lives-survey-2020.pdf. 
  8. ↑ "Royal Exchange, London". http://www.walklondon.com/london-attractions/royal-exchange.htm. 
  9. ↑ "Heritage | The Royal Exchange" (in en-US). http://www.theroyalexchange.co.uk/heritage/. 
  10. ↑ "St Paul's Institute: A Valuable Exchange at the Royal Exchange". http://www.stpaulsinstitute.org.uk/dialogue/tanya-barman/opinion/2012/jun/21/a-valuable-exchange-at-the-royal-exchange. 
  11. ↑ "Gresham Grasshopper, Royal Exchange, London – Insect Sculptures on Waymarking.com" (in en). http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM6R6Y_Gresham_Grasshopper_Royal_Exchange_London. 
  12. ↑ Ranald Michie (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191529344. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCaQDwAAQBAJ&q=London%20Stock%20Exchange%20First%20Rule%20Book&pg=PA37. Retrieved 7 June 2019. 
  13. ↑ "Calls for Scotland to have its own stock exchange". 4 August 2010. http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/calls-for-scotland-to-have-its-own-stock-exchange-1.1045699. 
  14. ↑ "On This Day: 20 July 1990: IRA bombs Stock Exchange". BBC News. 20 July 1990. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/20/newsid_2515000/2515667.stm. 
  15. ↑ FINEMAN, MARK (21 July 1990). "Bomb Blast Rips London's Stock Exchange; No Injuries Reported : Terrorism: Apparent IRA warning allows time to evacuate the building and surrounding area". Los Angeles Times. https://articles.latimes.com/1990-07-21/news/mn-170_1_london-stock-exchange. 
  16. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Is Rocked by a Bombing". The New York Times. 21 July 1990. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/21/world/london-stock-exchange-is-rocked-by-a-bombing.html. 
  17. ↑ Davies, Caroline (16 October 2011). "Occupy London protest continues into second day". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/16/occupy-london-protest-second-day. 
  18. ↑ "Stock exchange occupation blocked". Media Wales (Wales). 15 October 2011. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/2011/10/15/stock-exchange-occupation-blocked-91466-29601928/. 
  19. ↑ "Occupy London: Protest continues for second day". BBC News (London). 16 October 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15324901. 
  20. ↑ Hope, Kate (25 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion protesters glue themselves to London Stock Exchange". https://www.euronews.com/2019/04/25/extinction-rebellion-protesters-glue-themselves-to-london-stock-exchange. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Extinction Rebellion activists end London protests". 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-48058177. 
  22. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: London Stock Exchange blocked by climate activists". 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-48049040. 
  23. ↑ "London Stock Exchange". https://www.londonstockexchange.com/raise-finance/equity/main-market?tab=insights-and-reports&lang=en. 
  24. ↑ Lessambo, Felix I. (2021). International Finance: New Players and Global Markets. Springer. ISBN 9783030692322. https://books.google.com/books?id=6eAhEAAAQBAJ&q=The%20main%20market%20is%20home%20to%20over%201%2C300%20large%20companies%20from%2060%20different%20countries.%20London%20Stock%20Exchange&pg=PA86. Retrieved 18 April 2021. 
  25. ↑ "AIM". Thomson Reuters. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/8-107-6392?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true. 
  26. ↑ "SECURITY TYPES". London Stock Exchange. https://www.londonstockexchange.com/traders-and-brokers/security-types/security-types.htm. 
  27. ↑ CC&G - London Stock Exchange Group. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  28. ↑ Monte Titoli London Stock Exchange Group. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  29. ↑ Leo King (14 February 2011). "London Stock Exchange finished the switch to Linux". Computerworld UK. http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/open-source/3260727/london-stock-exchange-in-historic-linux-go-live/. 
  30. ↑ Ajay Shah (4 July 2009). "Microsoft inside the exchange". Blogspot. http://ajayshahblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/microsoft-inside-exchange.html. 
  31. ↑ "London Stock Exchange to replace Tradelect with Millennium". London: ComputerWeekly.com. 4 September 2009. http://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280090627/London-Stock-Exchange-to-replace-Tradelect-with-Millennium. 
  32. ↑ Rowena Mason (10 September 2008). "Seven-hour LSE blackout caused by double glitch". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4676369/Seven-hour-LSE-blackout-caused-by-double-glitch.html. 
  33. ↑ "London Stock Exchange trading hit by technical glitch". BBC News. 26 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8380607.stm. 
  34. ↑ David M. Williams (8 October 2009). "London Stock Exchange gets the facts and dumps Windows for Linux". ITWire. http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/the-linux-distillery/28359-london-stock-exchange-gets-the-facts-and-dumps-windows-for-linux. 
  35. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Rejects .NET For Open Source". Slashdot. 6 October 2009. http://linux.slashdot.org/story/09/10/06/1742203/London-Stock-Exchange-Rejects-NET-For-Open-Source. 
  36. ↑ Stafford, Philip (14 February 2011). "LSE moves to faster UK trading system". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8a87cf48-383e-11e0-8257-00144feabdc0.html. 
  37. ↑ "Investor Relations". http://www.lseg.com/investor-relations. 
  38. ↑ "2000: Leading stock exchanges plan merger". 3 May 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/3/newsid_2481000/2481359.stm. 
  39. ↑ "LSE confirms Turquoise acquisition talks". https://www.thetradenews.com/lse-confirms-turquoise-acquisition-talks/. 
  40. ↑ "LSE agrees to sell Borsa Italiana to Euronext for €4.3 billion". 9 October 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-lse-borsa-italiana-m-a-idUKKBN26U0H7. 
  41. ↑ "Euronext today completes the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group and publishes Q1 2021 results". https://www.euronext.com/en/about/media/euronext-press-releases/acquisition-borsa-italiana-group-and-q1-2021-results. 
  42. ↑ "Microsoft buys near 4% stake in London Stock Exchange Group as part of 10-year cloud deal". https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/12/microsoft-buys-near-4percent-stake-in-london-stock-exchange-and-launches-10-year-partnership.html. 
  43. ↑ Patrick, M.; Lucchetti, A.; Reilly, D.; Taylor, E. (11 April 2006). "Nasdaq Acquires 15% of LSE". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114477409808123029. 
  44. ↑ "Scottish Widows says has sold 2.7 mln LSE shares at 1,175 pence". Forbes. 12 April 2006. https://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2006/04/12/afx2665242.html. 
  45. ↑ Ortega, E. (11 April 2006). "Nasdaq Buys 15 Percent Stake in LSE for $782 Million". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=aY106PolhKUQ&refer=us. 
  46. ↑ MacDonald, A.; Lucchetti, A. (4 May 2006). "In LSE Stakes, Nasdaq Advances, Euronext Falls". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114670228362743269. 
  47. ↑ Lucchetti, A.; MacDonald, A. (11 May 2006). "Nasdaq Lifts Its LSE Stake to 24%". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114729205685149301. 
  48. ↑ Goldsmith, B.; Elliott, M. (19 May 2006). "Nasdaq raises LSE stake, making rival bids harder". Reuters. http://today.reuters.com/business/newsArticle.aspx?type=bankingFinancial&storyID=nL1923903. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  49. ↑ Lucchetti, A.; MacDonald, A. (20 November 2006). "Nasdaq Makes Bid to Buy Rest of London Stock Exchange". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116400769286328180. 
  50. ↑ "LSE rejects £2.7bn Nasdaq offer". BBC News. 20 November 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6164376.stm. 
  51. ↑ "Nasdaq fails in takeover bid for London Stock Exchange". International Herald Tribune. 11 February 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-nasdaq.4549290.html. 
  52. ↑ "Sale Update". reuters.co.uk. 20 August 2007. http://investing.reuters.co.uk/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=mergersNews&storyID=2007-08-20T091233Z_01_L2025258_RTRIDST_0_LSE-NASDAQ-SALE-UPDATE-1.XML. 
  53. ↑ Magnusson, N.; McSheehy, W. (20 September 2007). "Dubai to Buy Stakes in Nasdaq, LSE; Strikes OMX Deal". bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aqzGAS7oAezg&refer=home. 
  54. ↑ "LSE agrees merger with TMX of Canada". BBC News. 9 February 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12400785. 
  55. ↑ "Announcement re LSEG/TMX Group merger – London Stock Exchange". Londonstockexchangegroup.com. http://www.londonstockexchangegroup.com/newsroom/2011pressreleases/lseannouncementrelsegtmxgroupmerger.htm. 
  56. ↑ "SETSqx and SEAQ". https://www.lseg.com/areas-expertise/our-markets/london-stock-exchange/equities-markets/trading-services/domestic-trading-services/setsqx. 
  57. ↑ "'London Stock Exchange'". https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=London_Stock_Exchange. 

Further reading

  • Michie, R. C. (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829508-1. 

[ ⚑ ] 51°30′54.25″N 0°5′56.77″W / 51.5150694°N 0.0991028°W / 51.5150694; -0.0991028


NYSE: AMFW
IndustryEngineering and project management
Founded2014 Amec Foster Wheeler
1982 AMEC plc
1927 Foster Wheeler AG
1848 Matthew Hall
HeadquartersLondon, United Kingdom
Key people
John Connolly (Chairman)
Jonathan Lewis (CEO)
Revenue£5,440 million (2016)[1]
£300 million (2016)[1]
£(514) million (2016)[1]
Number of employees
36,000 (2017)[2]
Websitewww.amecfw.com

Amec Foster Wheeler plc was a British multinational consultancy, engineering and project management company headquartered in London, United Kingdom until its acquisition by and merger into Wood Group in October 2017.[3] It was focused on the Oil, Gas & Chemicals, Mining, Power & Process and Environment & Infrastructure markets, with offices in over 55 countries worldwide.[4] Roughly a third of its turnover came from Europe, half from North America and 12% from the rest of the world.[5]

Amec Foster Wheeler shares were publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange and its American Depositary Shares were traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

History

AMEC was formed from the 1982 amalgamation of Leonard Fairclough & Son (founded 1883) and the William Press Group (founded 1913). In 1988, AMEC went on to acquire Matthew Hall Group.[6] In 1996, AMEC took a 40% stake in Spie Batignolles from Schneider in association with a management buyout.[7] Amec launched the AMEC SPIE brand for engineering services in Europe,[8] a rail construction business AMEC Spie Rail was created, and the remaining construction business was retained as Spie Batignolles.[9] The company announced that it would seek to sell the construction arm of the business Spie Batignolles, and entered negotiations to secure a management buyout of that division;[9][10] the management buyout of the construction arm of Spie was completed in September 2003 with the aid of Barclays Private Equity Finance[11] and later that year Amec took full control of the remaining parts of Spie.[12]

Acquisitions in the new millennium included Ogden Environmental & Energy Services[13] and AGRA Monenco Inc., a North American engineering and services company, both in 2000[14] as well as the U.S. operations and equipment of Lauren Kamtech in 2003.[15] Then in 2004, AMEC was awarded a contract to assist in the reconstruction effort in Iraq, as part of a joint venture with Fluor Corp.[16]

In 2005, AMEC acquired UK-based NNC, a large nuclear consulting company and its subsidiaries, including Ontario-based Nuclear Safety Solutions ('NSS'), the nuclear safety division of OPG, which was spun off when OPG was privatised.[17] The European engineering business, AMEC SPIE, was sold to PAI Partners for €1,040 million in 2006[18][19][20][21] and the European rail business joint venture Amec Spie Rail systems was sold for an estimated £200million in 2007, to Colas Group.[22][23][24]

In 2007, AMEC sold its UK construction arm to Morgan Sindall[25] and in 2008, it sold its internal plant hire division to Speedy Hire[26] before buying project services company Rider Hunt International,[27] North American environmental consulting firm Geomatrix Consultants, Inc., and Slovakian nuclear services company AllDeco.[28] In 2009, AMEC acquired Performance Improvement Group, Journeaux, Bedard & Associates and GRD Limited[29] and in 2010, it continued to expand with the £61.2 m purchase of Entec UK, one of the UK's largest Environmental Consultancies.[30] GRD Ltd. was a Perth-based company incorporating three companies Global Renewables, GRD Minproc, and Kirfeild.[31] AMEC also acquired Australian-based businesses Currie and Brown (Australia)[32] and BurmanGriffiths and acquired a majority stake in S2V Consulting.[33]

In 2011, the company acquired US-based BCI Engineers & Scientists, Inc.,[34] MACTEC, a US-based engineering consultancy company,[35] and Zektin Group, an Australian-based specialist engineering consultancy for the oil and gas and resources industries.[36] In January 2014, AMEC provisionally agreed a £1.9bn takeover of Swiss rival Foster Wheeler.[37] AMEC completed its purchase of Foster Wheeler on 13 November 2014 and simultaneously changed its name to Amec Foster Wheeler plc.[38] The acquisition coincided with a downturn in revenues from the oil and gas sectors, its primary clients, leading to crippling debt.[39] The resultant financial difficulties led to the company's chief executive Samir Brikho stepping down.[40][41]

In March 2017, Wood Group announced it would acquire the company for £2.2 billion.[42] The transaction was completed on 9 October 2017.[43]

Operations

Head office of Amec Foster Wheeler in London (on the right)

Amec Foster Wheeler employed over 40,000 people in more than 55 countries, including Afghanistan, Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, India, Kuwait, Qatar, Peru, Poland, Turkey and the United States. The company had three geographic business units covering engineering and project delivery operations - Americas; Northern Europe & Commonwealth of Independent States; Asia, Middle East, Africa & Southern Europe - and one power equipment business unit operating worldwide - The Global Power Group.[44]

AMEC's operations were structured until October 2012 into Natural Resources, Power & Process and Environment & Infrastructure.[45]

Although AMEC's UK construction business has been discontinued, the following construction projects were notable: the Kielder Dam completed in 1982,[46] the Cumberland Infirmary completed in 2001,[47] the M6 Toll completed in 2003,[48] new offices for HM Revenue and Customs at Longbenton completed in 2005,[49] the Docklands Light Railway City Airport extension completed in 2005,[50] the University College London Hospital completed in 2005[51] and the New York Times Building completed in 2007.[52]

Charity

Amec Foster Wheeler has supported children's charity SOS Children's Villages since 2007, funding educational projects in Asia. Amec Foster Wheeler also funded a green project in the Children's Village in Gwagwalada, Nigeria, enabling houses to become self-sufficient following the installation of solar power and water infrastructure.[53]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Annual Results 2016". Amec Foster Wheeler. http://www.amecfw.com/documents/investors-docs/results-centre/2017/full-year-results-2016/rns-fy2016-final.pdf. Retrieved 26 April 2017. 
  2. ↑ "Amec Foster Wheeler at a glance". Amec foster Wheeler. http://www.amecfw.com/aboutus/at-a-glance. Retrieved 16 April 2017. 
  3. ↑ "At a glance". AMEC plc. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100905134258/http://www.amecfw.com/aboutus/at_a_glance.htm. 
  4. ↑ "At a glance". amecfw.com. http://www.amecfw.com/aboutus/at-a-glance. Retrieved 17 November 2015. 
  5. ↑ "Key facts". AMEC plc. Archived from the original on 23 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100823020409/http://www.amec.com/investors/key_facts/geographical_analysis.htm. Retrieved 4 September 2010. 
  6. ↑ Notes on Financial Times Actuaries Index 1988
  7. ↑ Michael Harrison (21 December 1996), "Amec firmly in Europe with pounds 40m Spie buy", www.independent.co.uk (London: The Independent), https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/amec-firmly-in-europe-with-pounds-40m-spie-buy-1315535.html 
  8. ↑ "AMEC SPIE Brand Launched Across Continental Europe", www.amec.com (AMEC), 1 July 2003, http://www.amec.com/page.aspx?pointerid=f6bea91b1fd34c2bb1d88aec01eef81e 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jay P. Pederson, ed. (2004), "International Directory of Company Histories", www.fundinguniverse.com (St. James Press) 57: pp. 28–31, http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Amec-Spie-SA-Company-History.html  (Google books)
  10. ↑ "Amec in talks over Spie Batignolles sale", business.scotsman.com (The Scotsman), 20 May 2003, http://business.scotsman.com/business/Amec-in-talks-over-Spie.2428841.jp 
  11. ↑ "Spie Batignolles: History" (in French). www.spiebatignolles.fr. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090222084833/http://www.spiebatignolles.fr/groupe/groupe_historique.aspx. 
  12. ↑ "Exercise Of Option To Acquire Outstanding Shares In Spie And Trading Update", www.amec.com (AMEC), 5 December 2002, http://www.amec.com/page.aspx?pointerid=7543e20456f446a8a785593c2bb1799a 
  13. ↑ Phoenix Business Journal (30 October 2000). "Amec buys Ogden Corp subsidiary". Bizjournals.com. http://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/stories/2000/10/30/daily10.html. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  14. ↑ AMEC history – 2000 acquisition of AGRA
  15. ↑ "AMEC acquires Lauren Kamtech’s U.S. operations to enhance project delivery in North America". Amec.com. 2 October 2003. http://www.amec.com/page.aspx?pointerid=b66fe8140f2f4ff4845345fcd3a415e3. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  16. ↑ Terry Macalister (25 March 2004). "Amec deal saves Government blushes in Iraq". Guardian (UK). https://www.theguardian.com/Iraq/Story/0,,1177375,00.html. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  17. ↑ Amec offers to buy NNC Holdings
  18. ↑ "Disposal of AMEC SPIE", www.amec.com (AMEC), 27 July 2006, http://www.amec.com/page.aspx?pointerid=601ada60aafe46249bd1b9ed53588781 
  19. ↑ "AMEC plc ("AMEC") Sale of AMEC SPIE", www.amec.com (AMEC), 22 May 2006, http://www.amec.com/page.aspx?pointerid=781b51ba38ae4aeda7ff8ec9e57d8079 
  20. ↑ Caroline Muspratt (24 November 2005), "Amec sells off Spie and considers splitting remaining group", www.telegraph.co.uk (London: The Telegraph), https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2926821/Amec-sells-off-Spie-and-considers-splitting-remaining-group.html 
  21. ↑ "AGM TRADING STATEMENT Proposed sale of AMEC SPIE and overall trading on track", www.amec.com (AMEC), 17 May 2006, http://www.amec.com/page.aspx?pointerid=b93f148eaf234f5aa00ec22d52280aee 
  22. ↑ Ian Fraser (25 February 2007), "Amec sells half of specialist rail arm to French company", www.ianfraser.org (Sunday Herald), http://www.ianfraser.org/amec-sells-half-of-specialist-rail-arm-to-french-company/ 
  23. ↑ Steve Hawkes (19 February 2007), "Amec sells out of rail business", business.timesonline.co.uk (London: The Times), http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/engineering/article1405182.ece 
  24. ↑ "AMEC to sell stake in rail firm", uk.reuters.com (Reuters), 19 February 2007, http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/02/19/uk-amec-colas-idUKL1919259820070219 
  25. ↑ Morgan Sindall buys Amec's ailing construction business Building, 4 June 2007
  26. ↑ Goodman, Eleanor (9 January 2008). "Speedy Hire buys Amec equipment hire arm". Building.co.uk. http://www.building.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=284&storycode=3103297&c=1. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  27. ↑ AMEC acquires leading project services company Rider Hunt International
  28. ↑ "Amec buys nuclear firm for £11.1m". Construction News. 22 July 2008. http://www.cnplus.co.uk/news/amec-buys-nuclear-firm-for-111m/1738686.article. Retrieved 24 February 2013. 
  29. ↑ Amec buys GRD Builder & Engineer
  30. ↑ Amec moves to buy Entec Planning Resource, 2 April 2010
  31. ↑ GRD website
  32. ↑ Harris, James. "AMEC buys Currie & Brown". Mandadeals.co.uk. http://www.mandadeals.co.uk/m-and-a-news/1145348/amec-buys-currie-and-brown.thtml. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  33. ↑ "AMEC Purchases Majority Shareholding In S2V Consulting". Realtimetraders.com. http://realtimetraders.com/ArticleView.aspx?Id=1499265. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  34. ↑ "Amec buys BCI Engineers and Scientists Inc for 20 million cash". Advfn.com. http://www.advfn.com/lse/ShareNews.asp?sharenews=AMEC&article=46264804&headline=amec-buys-bci-engineers-and-scientists-inc-for-20-million-cash. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  35. ↑ Amec completes acquisition of Mactec[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}] Fox Business, 6 June 2011
  36. ↑ AMEC to buy Australian firm Zektin Sage Construction
  37. ↑ Amec offers £1.9bn to buy Swiss rival Foster Wheeler BBC, 13 January 2014
  38. ↑ "AMEC successfully completes offer for Foster Wheeler". oilvoice. 13 November 2014. http://www.oilvoice.com/n/AMEC-successfully-completes-offer-for-Foster-Wheeler/84422056e9ff.aspx. Retrieved 27 November 2014. 
  39. ↑ Thomas, Nathalie; Ward, Andrew; Massoudi, Arash (13 March 2017). "Wood Group offer comes just in time for Amec Foster Wheeler". The Financial Times Ltd. https://www.ft.com/content/1cbb40f8-07f4-11e7-97d1-5e720a26771b. Retrieved 19 July 2018. 
  40. ↑ Bow, Michael (19 January 2016). "Amec Foster Wheeler chief Samir Brikho exits as board loses faith". Independent Digital News & Media. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/amec-foster-wheeler-chief-ian-mchoul-exits-as-board-loses-faith-a6820386.html. Retrieved 19 July 2018. 
  41. ↑ Lea, Robert (13 March 2017). "Chief who shot himself in the foot". Times Newspapers Ltd. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chief-who-shot-himself-in-the-foot-96mddjns2. Retrieved 19 July 2018. 
  42. ↑ "Wood Group agrees takeover of rival Amec Foster Wheeler - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. 1970-01-01. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-39253416. Retrieved 2017-03-13. 
  43. ↑ "Wood Group completes £2.2bn takeover of Amec Foster Wheeler". City AM. 9 October 2017. http://www.cityam.com/273549/wood-group-completes-gbp22bn-takeover-amec-foster-wheeler. Retrieved 9 October 2017. 
  44. ↑ "Amec Foster Wheeler". amecfw.com. http://www.amecfw.com/media/news-releases/2014/amec-foster-wheeler-a-new-force-in-global-engineering-project-delivery-asset-support-power-equipment-and-consultancy. Retrieved 5 March 2015. 
  45. ↑ Amec Preliminary Results 2007
  46. ↑ "Structure information". Sine.ncl.ac.uk. 26 March 2004. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110613015527/http://sine.ncl.ac.uk/view_structure_information.asp?struct_id=3544. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  47. ↑ "Visit Cumbria". Visit Cumbria. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110521080830/http://visitcumbria.com/hospitals.htm. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  48. ↑ "Motorway Archive". Iht.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090623074741/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m6toll.htm. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  49. ↑ Amec: Public & Private buildings
  50. ↑ "Docklands Light Railway – London City Airport extension now open". Londoncityairport.com. 6 December 2005. http://www.londoncityairport.com/index.php?mode=news&action=showStory&sId=936. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  51. ↑ University College London Hospital wins award
  52. ↑ "New York Times Project added to National OSHA Partnership with AMEC Americas". Osha.gov. 9 November 2005. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111018070530/http://osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=NEWS_RELEASES&p_id=11682. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  53. ↑ "Amec Foster Wheeler Partnership with SOS Children". http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/get-involved/corporate-partnership/our-corporate-partners/amec-foster-wheeler. Retrieved 10 July 2015. 




Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Company:Amec_Foster_Wheeler&oldid=856131"