Company:Uber

From HandWiki
Short description: American ridesharing and delivery company
Uber Technologies, Inc.
FormerlyUbercab (2009–2011)
TypePublic
Industry
FoundedMarch 2009; 15 years ago (2009-03)
Founders
  • Garrett Camp
  • Travis Kalanick
HeadquartersSan Francisco, California , U.S.
Area served
70 countries and 10,500 cities worldwide
Key people
Services
RevenueIncrease US$31.88 billion (2022)
Increase −US$1.83 billion (2022)
Decrease −US$9.14 billion (2022)
Total assetsDecrease US$32.11 billion (2022)
Total equityDecrease US$7.34 billion (2022)
Number of employees
32,800 (2023)
Subsidiaries
Footnotes / references
[1]
Uber Taxi

Uber Technologies, Inc., commonly referred to as Uber, provides ride-hailing services, food delivery, and freight transport.[2] The company is headquartered in San Francisco and operates in approximately 70 countries and 10,500 cities worldwide.[2] The company has over 131 million monthly active users and 6 million active drivers and couriers worldwide and facilitates an average of 25 million trips per day. It has facilitated 42 billion trips since its inception in 2010 and is the largest ridesharing company in the United States.[3]

History

For a chronological guide to this subject, see Timeline of Uber.
Travis Kalanick, former CEO of Uber, in 2013

In 2009, Garrett Camp, a co-founder of StumbleUpon, came up with the idea to create Uber to make it easier and cheaper to procure direct transportation. Camp and Travis Kalanick had spent $800 hiring a private driver on New Year's Eve, which they deemed excessive, and Camp was also inspired by his difficulty in finding a taxi on a snowy night in Paris.[4][5] The prototype of the mobile app was built by Camp and his friends, Oscar Salazar and Conrad Whelan, with Kalanick as the "mega advisor" to the company.[5]

In February 2010, Ryan Graves became the first Uber employee; he was named chief executive officer (CEO) in May 2010. In December 2010, Kalanick succeeded Graves as CEO and Graves became the chief operating officer.[6]

Following a beta launch in May 2010, Uber's services and mobile app launched publicly in San Francisco in 2011.[7][8] Originally, the application only allowed users to hail a black luxury car and the price was approximately 1.5 times that of a taxi.[9] In 2011, the company changed its name from UberCab to Uber after complaints from San Francisco taxicab operators.[10]

The company's early hires included a nuclear physicist, a computational neuroscientist, and a machinery expert who worked on predicting arrival times for Uber's cars more accurately than Google APIs.[4][11] In April 2012, Uber launched a service in Chicago, whereby users were able to request a regular taxi or an Uber driver via its mobile app.[12][13]

In July 2012, the company introduced UberX, a cheaper option that allowed drivers to use non-luxury vehicles, including their personal vehicles, subject to a background check, insurance, registration, and vehicle standards.[14][15] By December 2013, the service was operating in 65 cities.[16]

In December 2013, USA Today named Uber its tech company of the year.[17]

In August 2014, Uber launched a shared transport service in the San Francisco Bay Area[18][19] and launched Uber Eats, a food delivery service.[20][21]

Uber logo used from February 2016 until September 2018

In August 2016, facing tough competition, Uber sold its operations in China to DiDi in exchange for an 18% stake in DiDi.[22] DiDi agreed to invest $1 billion in Uber.[23] Uber had started operations in China in 2014, under the name 优步 (Yōubù).[24]

In 2016, Uber acquired Ottomotto, a self-driving truck company founded by Anthony Levandowski, for $625 million. Levandowski, previously employed by Waymo, allegedly founded Ottomotto using trade secrets he stole from Waymo. Uber settled a lawsuit regarding the use of such intellectual property and reached a deal to use Waymo's technology for its freight transport operations.[25][26]

In December 2016, Uber acquired Geometric Intelligence. Geometric Intelligence's 15 person staff formed the initial core of "Uber AI", a division for researching AI technologies and machine learning.[27][28] Uber AI created multiple open source projects, such as Pyro, Ludwig, and Plato. Uber AI also developed new AI techniques and algorithms, such as the POET algorithm and a sequence of papers on neuroevolution. Uber AI was shut down in May 2020.[29][28]

In August 2017, Dara Khosrowshahi, the former CEO of Expedia Group, replaced Kalanick as CEO.[30][31]

In February 2018, Uber combined its operations in Russia , Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus , Georgia and Kazakhstan with those of Yandex.Taxi and invested $225 million in the venture.[32] In March 2018, Uber merged its services in Southeast Asia with those of Grab in exchange for a 27.5% ownership stake in Grab.[33][34][35]

Between May 2018 and November 2018, Uber offered Uber Rent powered by Getaround, a peer-to-peer carsharing service available to some users in San Francisco.[36]

In November 2018, Uber became a gold member of the Linux Foundation.[37][38]

In 2018, Uber formed a partnership with Autzu, a Toronto-based ridesharing company. This collaboration provides Uber drivers with the opportunity to rent electric Tesla on an hourly basis.[39][40]

On May 10, 2019, Uber became a public company via an initial public offering.[41]

In the summer of 2019, Uber announced layoffs of 8% of its staff and eliminated the position of COO Barney Harford.[42][43][44][45][46][47]

In October 2019, in partnership with HeliFlight, Uber offered 8-minute helicopter flights between Manhattan and John F. Kennedy International Airport for $200-$225 per passenger.[48][49]

Between October 2019 and May 2020, Uber offered Uber Works, a mobile app connecting workers who wanted temporary jobs with businesses in Chicago and Miami.[50][51][52]

In January 2020, Uber acquired Careem for $3.1 billion[53] and sold its Indian Uber Eats operations to Zomato.[54]

Also in January 2020, Uber tested a feature that enabled drivers at the Santa Barbara, Sacramento, and Palm Springs airports to set fares based on a multiple of Uber's rates.[55]

In May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Uber announced layoffs of over 14% of its workforce.[56][52]

In June 2020, in its first software as a service partnership, Uber announced that it would manage the on-demand high-occupancy vehicle fleet for Marin Transit, a public bus agency in Marin County, California.[57]

In July 2020, Uber, in partnership with its majority-owned Cornershop, launched Uber grocery delivery service in Latin America, Canada, Miami, and Dallas.[58][59] In November 2023, Uber announced it was integrating the Cornershop business into the Uber app, bringing 700 partners and 30 million users into the app base. [60]

In September 2020, Uber committed to carbon neutrality globally by 2040, and required that, by 2030, in most countries, rides must be offered exclusively in electric vehicles.[61][62][63]

In December 2020, Uber acquired Postmates for $2.65 billion.[64][65][66]

Also in December 2020, Uber sold its Elevate division, which was developing short flights using VTOL aircraft, to Joby Aviation.[67][68]

In January 2021, Uber ATG/Advanced Technologies Group, a joint venture minority-owned by SoftBank Vision Fund, Toyota, and Denso that was developing self-driving cars, was sold to Aurora Innovation for $4 billion in equity and Uber invested $400 million into Aurora.[69][70]

In March 2021, the company moved to a new headquarters on Third Street in Mission Bay, San Francisco, consisting of several 6- and 11-story buildings connected by bridges and walkways.[71]

In October 2021, Uber acquired Drizly, an alcohol delivery service, for $1.1 billion in cash and stock.[72]

On January 20, 2022, Uber acquired Australian car-sharing company Car Next Door.[73]

On September 15, 2022, Uber discovered a security breach of its internal network by a hacker that utilized social engineering to obtain an employee's credentials and gain access to the company's VPN and intranet. The company said that no sensitive data had been compromised.[74][75]

Uber joined the S&P 500 on December 18, 2023.[76][77]

Controversies

Like other ridesharing companies, the company classifies its drivers as gig workers/independent contractors. This figure has become the subject of legal action in several jurisdictions. The company has disrupted taxicab businesses and allegedly caused an increase in traffic congestion. Ridesharing companies are regulated in many jurisdictions and the Uber platform is not available in several countries where the company is not able or willing to comply with local regulations. Controversies involving Uber include various unethical practices such as aggressive lobbying and ignoring and evading local regulations. Many of these were revealed by a leak of documents showing controversial activity between 2013 and 2017 under the leadership of Travis Kalanick.

Ignoring and evading local regulations

Uber has been criticized for its strategy of generally commencing operations in a city without regard for local regulations. If faced with regulatory opposition, Uber called for public support for its service and mounted a political campaign, supported by lobbying, to change regulations.[78] Uber argued that it is "a technology company" and not a taxi company, and therefore it was not subject to regulations affecting taxi companies.[78] Uber's strategy was generally to "seek forgiveness rather than permission".[79] In 2014, with regards to airport pickups without a permit in California, drivers were actually told to ignore local regulations and that the company would pay for any citations.[80] Uber's response to California Assembly Bill 5 (2019), whereby it announced that it would not comply with the law, then engaged lobbyists and mounted an expensive public opinion campaign to overturn it via a ballot, was cited as an example of this policy.[78][81]

More than 124,000 Uber documents covering the five-year period from 2012 to 2017 when Uber was run by its co-founder Travis Kalanick were leaked by Mark MacGann, a lobbyist who "led Uber's efforts to win over governments across Europe, the Middle East and Africa",[82] to The Guardian newspaper and first printed on 10 July 2022 by its Sunday sister The Observer. The documents revealed attempts to lobby Joe Biden, Olaf Scholz and George Osborne; how Emmanuel Macron secretly aided Uber lobbying in France, and use of a kill switch during police raids to conceal data. Travis Kalanick dismissed concerns from other executives that sending Uber drivers to a protest in France put them at risk of violence from angry opponents in the taxi industry, saying "I think it's worth it, violence guarantees success".[83]

Taxi companies sued Uber in numerous American cities, alleging that Uber's policy of violating taxi regulations was a form of unfair competition or a violation of antitrust law.[84] Although some courts did find that Uber intentionally violated the taxi rules, Uber prevailed in every case, including the only case to proceed to trial.[85]

In March 2017, an investigation by The New York Times revealed that Uber developed a software tool called "Greyball" to avoid giving rides to known law enforcement officers in areas where its service was illegal such as in Portland, Oregon , Australia , South Korea , and China . The tool identified government officials using geofencing, mining credit card databases, identifying devices, and searches of social media.[86][87][88] While at first, Uber stated that it only used the tool to identify riders that violated its terms of service, after investigations by Portland, Oregon ,[89][90][91] and the United States Department of Justice,[92][93][94] Uber admitted to using the tool to skirt local regulations and promised not to use the tool for that purpose.[95][96] The use of Greyball in London was cited by Transport for London as one of the reasons for its decision not to renew Uber's private hire operator licence in September 2017.[97][98][99] A January 2018 report by Bloomberg News stated that Uber routinely used a "panic button" system, codenamed "Ripley", that locked, powered off and changed passwords on staff computers when those offices were subjected to government raids.[100] Uber allegedly used this button at least 24 times, from spring 2015 until late 2016.[101][102]

Counter-intelligence research on class action plaintiffs

In 2016 Uber hired the global security consulting firm Ergo to secretly investigate plaintiffs involved in a class action lawsuit. Ergo operatives posed as acquaintances of the plaintiff's counsel and tried to contact their associates to obtain information that could be used against them. The result of which was found out causing the judge to throw out evidence obtained as obtained in a fraudulent manner.[103][104]

Sexual harassment allegations and management shakeup (2017)

On February 19, 2017, former Uber engineer Susan Fowler published on her website that she was propositioned for sex by a manager and subsequently threatened with termination of employment by another manager if she continued to report the incident. Kalanick was allegedly aware of the complaint.[105][106] On February 27, 2017, Amit Singhal, Uber's Senior Vice President of Engineering, was forced to resign after he failed to disclose a sexual harassment claim against him that occurred while he served as Vice President of Google Search.[107] After investigations led by former attorney general Eric Holder and Arianna Huffington, a member of Uber's board of directors,[108] in June 2017, Uber fired over 20 employees.[109][110] Kalanick took an indefinite leave of absence but, under pressure from investors, he resigned as CEO a week later.[111][112] Also departing the company in June 2017 was Emil Michael, a senior vice president who suggested that Uber hire a team of opposition researchers and journalists, with a million-dollar budget, to "dig up dirt" on the personal lives and backgrounds of journalists who reported negatively on Uber, specifically targeting Sarah Lacy, editor of PandoDaily, who, in an article published in October 2014, accused Uber of sexism and misogyny in its advertising.[113][114][115][116][117][118] In August 2018, Uber agreed to pay a total of $7 million to settle claims of gender discrimination, harassment, and hostile work environment, with 480 employees and former employees receiving $10,700 each and 56 of those employees and former employees receiving an additional $33,900 each.[119] In December 2019, Kalanick resigned from the board of directors of the company and sold his shares.[120][121][122][123]

Delayed disclosure of data breaches

On February 27, 2015, Uber admitted that it had suffered a data breach more than nine months prior. Names and license plate information from approximately 50,000 drivers were inadvertently disclosed.[124] Uber discovered this leak in September 2014, but waited more than five months to notify the affected individuals.[125]

An announcement in November 2017 revealed that in 2016, a separate data breach had disclosed the personal information of 600,000 drivers and 57 million customers. This data included names, email addresses, phone numbers, and drivers' license information. Hackers used employees' usernames and passwords that had been compromised in previous breaches (a "credential stuffing" method) to gain access to a private GitHub repository used by Uber's developers. The hackers located credentials for the company's Amazon Web Services datastore in the repository files, and were able to obtain access to the account records of users and drivers, as well as other data contained in over 100 Amazon S3 buckets. Uber paid a $100,000 ransom to the hackers on the promise they would delete the stolen data.[126][127] Uber was subsequently criticized for concealing this data breach.[128] Dara Khosrowshahi publicly apologized.[129][130] In September 2018, in the largest multi-state settlement of a data breach, Uber paid $148 million to the Federal Trade Commission, and admitted that internal access to consumers' personal information was closely monitored on an ongoing basis was false, and stated that it had failed to live up to its promise to provide reasonable security for consumer data.[131] In November 2018, Uber's British divisions were fined £385,000 (reduced to £308,000) by the Information Commissioner's Office.[132]

In 2020, the US Department of Justice announced criminal charges against former Chief Security Officer Joe Sullivan for obstruction of justice. The criminal complaint said Joe Sullivan arranged with Travis Kalanick's knowledge, to pay a ransom for the 2016 breach as a "bug bounty" to conceal its true nature, and for the hackers to falsify non-disclosure agreements to say they had not obtained any data.[133]

Privacy

In July 2017, Uber received a five-star privacy rating from the Electronic Frontier Foundation,[134] but was harshly criticized by the group in September 2017 for a controversial policy of tracking customers' locations even after a ride ended, forcing the company to reverse its policy.[135]

Finances

Uber revenue and net income in billion US$[136]
Year Revenue Net income
2022 31.8 −9.1
2021 17.4 −0.4
2020 11.1 −6.7
2019 14.1 −8.5
2018 11.3 1
2017 7.9 −4
2016 5 −3.6
2015 1.7 −1.6
2014 0.4 −0.7

Uber has posted hundreds of millions or billions of dollars in losses each year since 2014 except for 2018, when it exited from the markets in Russia, China, and Southeast Asia in exchange for stakes in rival businesses.[137] By the end of 2022, Uber had US$32.11 billion in assets and $24.03 billion in liabilities.[1] Uber posted quarterly operating profits, totaling $326 million, for the first time in the second quarter of 2023, after accumulating $31.5 billion in operating losses since 2014.[138]

Gallery

References

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  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Use Uber in cities around the world". Uber.com. https://www.uber.com/global/en/cities/. 
  3. ↑ "Uber Announces Results for Second Quarter 2023" (Press release). Business Wire. August 1, 2023. External link in |publisher= (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Scott, Alec (November 19, 2015). "Co-founding Uber made Calgary-born Garrett Camp a billionaire". Canadian Business. https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/lists-and-rankings/richest-people/2016-garrett-camp-uber/. 
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  58. ↑ "Uber to Launch Grocery Delivery in the U.S." (in en-us). https://www.kupino.com/article/8864-uber-to-launch-grocery-delivery-in-the-us-that-youll-love. 
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  60. ↑ "Uber integra Cornershop ao app e fortalece serviço de entregas para supermercados" (in en). https://www.supervarejo.com.br/ecommerce/uber-integra-cornershop-ao-app-e-fortalece-servico-de-entregas-para-supermercados. 
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  62. ↑ Shieber, Jonathan (September 8, 2020). "Committing to a fully zero-emission fleet by 2040, Uber is dedicating $800 million to electrifying its drivers". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2020/09/08/committing-to-a-fully-zero-emission-fleet-by-2040-uber-is-dedicating-800-million-to-electrifying-its-drivers/. 
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  66. ↑ Sumagaysay, Levi (December 1, 2020). "Uber completes Postmates acquisition, boosting its place in food delivery". MarketWatch. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/uber-completes-postmates-acquisition-boosting-its-place-in-food-delivery-11606851940. 
  67. ↑ Neate, Rupert (December 9, 2020). "Uber sells loss-making flying taxi division to Joby Aviation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/dec/09/uber-sells-loss-making-flying-taxi-division-to-joby-aviation. 
  68. ↑ Schubarth, Cromwell (December 8, 2020). "A day after selling self-driving unit, Uber's offloading air taxi wing to Joby Aviation". American City Business Journals. https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2020/12/08/uber-selling-air-taxi-business-to-joby-aviation.html. 
  69. ↑ Hu, Krystal; Bellon, Tina; Lee, Jane Lanhee (December 7, 2020). "Uber sells ATG self-driving business to Aurora at $4 billion". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-atg/uber-sells-atg-self-driving-business-to-aurora-at-4-billion-idUSKBN28H2RX. 
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  71. ↑ Vacar, Tom (March 29, 2021). "Uber opens new San Francisco Mission Bay headquarters". KTVU. https://www.ktvu.com/news/uber-opens-new-san-francisco-mission-bay-headquarters. 
  72. ↑ "Cheers! Uber Completes Acquisition of Drizly" (Press release). Business Wire. October 13, 2021. External link in |publisher= (help)
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  75. ↑ "Uber investigating hack on its computer systems". BBC News. September 16, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-62925047. 
  76. ↑ Bentley, Alden (2023-12-02). "Uber to become S&P 500 constituent" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uber-become-sp-500-constituent-sp-indexes-2023-12-02/. 
  77. ↑ Levy, Jordan Novet,Ari (2023-12-01). "Uber shares pop on inclusion in S&P 500" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/01/uber-shares-pop-on-inclusion-in-sp-500.html. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Ongweso, Edward Jr.; Koebler, Jason (September 11, 2019). "Uber Became Big by Ignoring Laws (and It Plans to Keep Doing That)". Vice Media. https://www.vice.com/en/article/8xwxyv/uber-became-big-by-ignoring-laws-and-it-plans-to-keep-doing-that. 
  79. ↑ Edelman, Benjamin (June 21, 2017). "Uber Can't Be Fixed — It's Time for Regulators to Shut It Down". Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2017/06/uber-cant-be-fixed-its-time-for-regulators-to-shut-it-down. 
  80. ↑ Kirchner, Elyce; Paredes, David (October 6, 2014). "Uber and Lyft Drivers Told to Ignore Regulations: Companies Pay Airport Citations for Drivers". KNTV. https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/rideshare-drivers-told-to-ignore-regulations-uber-lyft-will-pay-citations-at-bay-area-airports/70918/. 
  81. ↑ SAMMON, ALEXANDER (September 12, 2019). "Uber Goes Back to Basics: Violating the Law". The American Prospect. https://prospect.org/justice/uber-goes-back-basics-violating-law/. 
  82. ↑ Lewis, Paul; Davies, Harry; O'Carroll, Lisa; Goodley, Simon; Lawrence, Felicity (11 July 2022). "The Uber whistleblower: I'm exposing a system that sold people a lie". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/11/uber-files-whistleblower-lobbyist-mark-macgann. 
  83. ↑ Davies, Harry; Goodley, Simon; Lawrence, Felicity; Lewis, Paul; O'Carroll, Lisa (10 July 2022). "Uber broke laws, duped police and built secret lobbying operation, leak reveals". The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jul/10/uber-files-leak-reveals-global-lobbying-campaign. 
  84. ↑ Larkin, Emilee (August 6, 2021). "Boston cab drivers lose battle with Uber at First Circuit". Courthouse News Service. https://www.courthousenews.com/boston-cab-drivers-lose-battle-with-uber-at-first-circuit/. 
  85. ↑ "John Greil, The Unfranchised Competitor Doctrine, 66 Villanova Law Review 357, 377 (2021)". https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3488&context=vlr. 
  86. ↑ Isaac, Mike (March 3, 2017). "How Uber Deceives the Authorities Worldwide". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/technology/uber-greyball-program-evade-authorities.html. 
  87. ↑ Somerville, Heather (March 8, 2017). "Uber prohibits use of 'Greyball' technology to evade authorities". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-greyball-idUSKBN16G041. 
  88. ↑ Timberg, Craig; Fung, Brian (March 3, 2017). "Uber's secret 'Greyball' program shows just how far it will go to get its way". Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/blue-sky/ct-uber-greyball-20170303-story.html. 
  89. ↑ Njus, Elliot (March 6, 2017). "Portland to investigate Uber's 'Greyball' scheme to thwart regulators". The Oregonian. https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2017/03/ubers_greyball_scheme_to_thwar.html. 
  90. ↑ "Transportation Network Companies: Regulation Evasion Audit". Portland Bureau of Transportation. April 28, 2017. https://www.portlandoregon.gov/saltzman/article/637492. 
  91. ↑ Njus, Elliot (April 27, 2017). "Portland may subpoena Uber over regulator-dodging 'Greyball' software". The Oregonian. https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/2017/04/portland_may_subpoena_uber_ove.html. 
  92. ↑ Levine, Dan; Menn, Joseph (May 5, 2017). "Exclusive: Uber faces criminal probe over software used to evade authorities". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-crime-exclusive/exclusive-uber-faces-criminal-probe-over-software-used-to-evade-authorities-idUSKBN1802U1. 
  93. ↑ Isaac, Mike (May 4, 2017). "Uber Faces Federal Inquiry Over Use of Greyball Tool to Evade Authorities". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/04/technology/uber-federal-inquiry-software-greyball.html. 
  94. ↑ Isaac, Mike (May 5, 2017). "Justice Department Expands Its Inquiry Into Uber's Greyball Tool". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/05/technology/uber-greyball-investigation-expands.html. 
  95. ↑ della Cava, Marco (March 8, 2017). "Uber admits its ghost driver 'Greyball' tool was used to thwart regulators, vows to stop". https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/03/08/uber-stop-using-greyball-target-regulators/98930282/. 
  96. ↑ Sullivan, Joe (March 8, 2017). "An update on "greyballing"". Uber. https://newsroom.uber.com/an-update-on-greyballing/. 
  97. ↑ "TFL decision on Uber London Limited" (Press release). Transport for London. September 22, 2017.
  98. ↑ "Uber has lost its licence to operate in London". September 22, 2017. http://www.businessinsider.com/uber-lost-licence-operate-london-2017-9. 
  99. ↑ "Uber to begin appeal over London licence". BBC News. June 25, 2018. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-44594058. 
  100. ↑ Zaleski, Olivia; Newcomer, Eric (January 11, 2018). "Uber's Secret Tool for Keeping the Cops in the Dark". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-11/uber-s-secret-tool-for-keeping-the-cops-in-the-dark. 
  101. ↑ Matousek, Mark (January 11, 2018). "Uber reportedly disrupted government investigations for almost 2 years with a 'secret' system called 'Ripley'". Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/report-uber-system-disrupted-government-investigations-2018-1. 
  102. ↑ Solon, Olivia (January 11, 2018). "Uber developed secret system to lock down staff computers in a police raid". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/11/uber-developed-secret-system-to-lock-down-staff-computers-in-a-police-raid. 
  103. ↑ Brandom, Russel; Hawkins, Andrew (July 10, 2016). "How Uber secretly investigated its legal foes — and got caught". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2016/7/10/12127638/uber-ergo-investigation-lawsuit-fraud-travis-kalanick. "By the end of the week, Henley was on the phone with a corporate research firm called Ergo, also known as Global Precision Research LLC, asking for help with "a sensitive, very under-the-radar investigation." After a few emails, Henley worked out the terms of the deal with an Ergo executive named Todd Egeland. It would be a "level two" investigation, the middle of the three levels of work offered by Ergo. It would be drawn from seven source interviews conducted over the course of 10 days, for which Uber would pay $19,500. As with any Ergo investigation, the confidentiality of the client was paramount, and sources were never meant to know who was paying for the research. "We do quite a bit of this work for law firms," Egeland reassured him. (Ergo did not respond to requests for comment.)" 
  104. ↑ Hiltzik, Michael (June 10, 2016). "Column: How sleazy is Uber? This federal judge wants to know". https://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-uber-rakoff-20160610-snap-story.html. "As it turns out, it was them. Uber confessed in February that it had hired the security firm Ergo to investigate Mayer and his lawyers. In fact, Meyer’s lawyers say Ergo’s investigative report was circulating in Uber’s offices and may have been in the hands of the company’s general counsel, Salle Yoo, on January 20, the very day the company’s lawyers were saying “it is not us.”" 
  105. ↑ Fowler, Susan (February 19, 2017). "Reflecting on one very, very strange year at Uber". https://www.susanjfowler.com/blog/2017/2/19/reflecting-on-one-very-strange-year-at-uber. 
  106. ↑ Kosoff, Maya (February 20, 2017). "Uber C.E.O. Orders "Urgent Investigation" into Sexual Harassment Allegations". Vanity Fair. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/02/uber-ceo-orders-urgent-investigation-into-sexual-harassment-allegations. 
  107. ↑ Isaac, Mike (February 27, 2017). "Amit Singhal, Uber Executive Linked to Old Harassment Claim, Resigns". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html. 
  108. ↑ Overly, Steven (February 21, 2017). "Uber hires Eric Holder to investigate sexual harassment claims". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-uber-eric-holder-20170221-story.html. 
  109. ↑ Solon, Olivia (June 7, 2016). "Uber fires more than 20 employees after sexual harassment investigation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/06/uber-fires-employees-sexual-harassment-investigation. 
  110. ↑ Marinova, Polina (June 6, 2017). "Uber Fires More Than 20 Employees After Harassment Investigation: Report". Fortune. https://fortune.com/2017/06/06/uber-sexual-harassment-investigation/. 
  111. ↑ Isaac, Mike (June 21, 2017). "Uber Founder Travis Kalanick Resigns as C.E.O.". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick.html. 
  112. ↑ Segall, Laurie (June 21, 2017). "Travis Kalanick resigns as Uber CEO after months of crisis". CNN. https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/21/technology/uber-travis-kalanick-resignation/index.html. 
  113. ↑ Lacy, Sarah (October 22, 2014). "The horrific trickle down of Asshole culture: Why I've just deleted Uber from my phone". PandoDaily. https://pando.com/2014/10/22/the-horrific-trickle-down-of-asshole-culture-at-a-company-like-uber/. 
  114. ↑ Smith, Ben (November 17, 2014). "Uber Executive Suggests Digging Up Dirt On Journalists". BuzzFeed. https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/uber-executive-suggests-digging-up-dirt-on-journalists. 
  115. ↑ Isaac, Mike (November 18, 2014). "Uber Executive Proposes Digging into Journalists' Private Lives". The New York Times. https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/emil-michael-of-uber-proposes-digging-into-journalists-private-lives/. 
  116. ↑ Lacy, Sarah (November 17, 2014). "The moment I learned just how far Uber will go to silence journalists and attack women". PandoDaily. https://pando.com/2014/11/17/the-moment-i-learned-just-how-far-uber-will-go-to-silence-journalists-and-attack-women/. 
  117. ↑ Lacy, Sarah (November 14, 2017). "Uber Executive Said the Company Would Spend 'A Million Dollars' to Shut Me Up". Time (magazine). https://time.com/5023287/uber-threatened-journalist-sarah-lacy/. 
  118. ↑ Griswold, Alison (June 12, 2017). "Uber's most scandal-ridden exec is out – and it's not Travis Kalanick". Quartz. https://qz.com/1003453/emil-michael-ubers-most-scandal-ridden-exec-is-reportedly-out/. 
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  120. ↑ Palmer, Annie (December 24, 2019). "Travis Kalanick severs all ties with Uber, departing board and selling all his shares". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/24/travis-kalanick-to-depart-uber-board-of-directors.html. 
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  122. ↑ Brown, Eliot (December 24, 2019). "Uber Co-Founder Travis Kalanick Departs Board, Sells All His Shares". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/uber-co-founder-travis-kalanick-to-depart-companys-board-11577196747. 
  123. ↑ LEE, TIMOTHY B. (December 24, 2019). "Travis Kalanick quits Uber's board, sells off all his Uber stock". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/travis-kalanick-quits-ubers-board-sells-off-all-his-uber-stock/. 
  124. ↑ Guess, Megan (February 28, 2015). "50,000 Uber driver names, license plate numbers exposed in a data breach". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/business/2015/02/50000-uber-driver-names-license-plate-numbers-exposed-in-a-data-breach/. 
  125. ↑ Taylor, Colleen (February 22, 2015). "Uber Database Breach Exposed Information Of 50,000 Drivers, Company Confirms". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/27/uber-database-breach-exposed-information-of-50000-drivers-company-confirms/. 
  126. ↑ Lee, Dave (November 22, 2017). "Uber concealed huge data breach". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42075306. 
  127. ↑ Farivar, Cyrus (November 21, 2017). "Hackers hit Uber in 2016: data on 57 million riders, drivers stolen". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/11/report-uber-paid-hackers-100000-to-keep-2016-data-breach-quiet/. 
  128. ↑ Wong, Julia Carrie (November 22, 2017). "Uber faces slew of investigations in wake of 'outrageous' data hack cover-up". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/22/uber-scrutiny-data-breach-hacking. 
  129. ↑ "Uber Paid Hackers to Delete Stolen Data on 57 Million People". Bloomberg News. November 21, 2017. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-21/uber-concealed-cyberattack-that-exposed-57-million-people-s-data. 
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  132. ↑ "Monetary Penalty Notice (Uber)". Information Commissioner's Office. 27 November 2018. https://ico.org.uk/media/action-weve-taken/mpns/2553890/uber-monetary-penalty-notice-26-november-2018.pdf. 
  133. ↑ BOND, SHANNON (August 20, 2020). "Former Uber Executive Charged With Paying 'Hush Money' To Conceal Massive Breach". NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/08/20/904113981/former-uber-executive-charged-with-paying-hush-money-to-conceal-massive-breach. 
  134. ↑ Reitman, Rainey (July 10, 2017). "Who Has Your Back? Government Data Requests 2017". Electronic Frontier Foundation. https://www.eff.org/who-has-your-back-2017. 
  135. ↑ Gebhart, Kurt Opsahl and Gennie (September 18, 2017). "In A Win For Privacy, Uber Restores User Control Over Location-Sharing". https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/09/win-privacy-uber-restores-user-control-over-location-sharing. 
  136. ↑ Uber Revenue and Usage Statistics (2022), February 20, 2023, https://www.businessofapps.com/data/uber-statistics/, retrieved February 28, 2023 
  137. ↑ Jon Russell (April 12, 2019), Uber has already made billions from its exits in China, Russia and Southeast Asia, https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/11/uber-global-exits-billions/ 
  138. ↑ Richard Waters (August 1, 2023), Uber makes first operating profit after racking up $31.5bn of losses, https://www.ft.com/content/dae2b90e-1ba0-4e8f-aabc-34aae4ca05d7 

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