Earth:Bajo de la Carpa Formation
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| Bajo de la Carpa Formation Stratigraphic range: Mid-Late Santonian ~86–83 Ma Template:Period fossil range | |
|---|---|
 Juan D. Porfiri excavating the holotype of Diuqin lechiguanae from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Neuquén Group Río Colorado Subgroup |
| Underlies | Anacleto Formation |
| Overlies | Río Neuquén Subgroup Plottier Formation |
| Thickness | Up to 150 m (490 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Mudstone, siltstone, paleosol |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | [ ⚑ ] : 38°48′S 68°48′W / 38.8°S 68.8°W |
| Paleocoordinates | [ ⚑ ] 43°24′S 49°48′W / 43.4°S 49.8°W |
| Region | Neuquén & Río Negro Provinces |
| Country | Argentina |
| Extent | Neuquén Basin |
  Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Argentina) | |
The Bajo de la Carpa Formation is a geologic formation of the Neuquén Basin that crops out in northern Patagonia, in the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, Argentina. It is the oldest of two formations belonging to the Río Colorado Subgroup within the Neuquén Group. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Bajo de la Carpa Formation was known as the Bajo de la Carpa Member.[1]
At its base, this formation conformably overlies the Plottier Formation of the older Río Neuquén Subgroup, and it is in turn overlain by the Anacleto Formation, the youngest and uppermost formation of the Neuquén Group.[2][3]
The Bajo de la Carpa Formation can reach 150 metres (490 ft) in thickness in some locations, and consists mainly of sandstones of various colors, all of fluvial origin, with thin layers of mudstone and siltstone in between. Geological features such as geodes, chemical nodules, impressions of raindrops, and paleosols (fossil soils) are commonly found in this formation as well.[1][3]
Fossil content
Small nests with eggs inside, found in this formation, probably belonged to the bird Neuquenornis.[3] Fossil wasp nests have also been found in these rocks.[1][3]
Fish
| Fish reported from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Rinconodus[4] | R. salvadori | A ceratodontid lungfish | ||||
Reptiles
Crocodylomorphs
| Crocodylomorphs reported from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Barrosasuchus | B. neuquenianus[5] | Sierra Barrosa | Upper | A skull articulated with the remaining skeleton, which consisted of both forelimbs, most of the vertebral column up to the sacra, one hindlimb, and semi-articulate osteoderms that obscured parts of the fossil | A peirosaurid notosuchian | |
| Comahuesuchus | C. brachybuccalis | Universidad Nacional del Comahue | Upper | A holotype specimen | A comahuesuchid notosuchian |  |
| Cynodontosuchus | C. rothi | A baurusuchid notosuchian | ||||
| Gasparinisuchus[6] | G. peirosauroides | Loma de la Lata | Upper | A partial skull, lower jaws, and various associated postcranial remains | A peirosaurid notosuchian | |
| Kinesuchus | K. overoi[7] | Cerro Overo | Upper | A partial mandible | An itasuchid notosuchian | |
| Lomasuchus | L. palpebrosus | A peirosaurid notosuchian |  | |||
| Neuquensuchus | N. universitas[8] | Universidad Nacional del Comahue | Upper | Paratype specimens consist of a partially articulated partial postcranial skeleton and left leg bone. | A crocodyliform of uncertain placement | |
| Notosuchus | N. lepidus | A notosuchid notosuchian |  | |||
| N. terrestris | ||||||
| Peirosaurus | P. torminni | A fragmentary skull and a partial postcranial skeleton. | A peirosaurid notosuchian | |||
| Wargosuchus[9] | W. australis | Northern region of the Neuquén city | A partial right premaxilla and maxilla, and partial skull roof. | A pissarrachampsine baurusuchis | ||
Ornithischians
| Ornithischians reported from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Ankylosauria[10] | Indetermidate | |||||
| Mahuidacursor[11] | M. lipanglef | Cerro Overo | Upper | A set of postcrania | An elasmarian | |
Sauropods
| Sauropods reported from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Bonitasaura | B. salgadoi | A partial sub-adult skeleton with a lower jaw, a partial vertebrae series, and limb bones. | A titanosaur |  | ||
| Inawentu | I. oslatus | Rincón de los Sauces | A partially articulated skeleton, including a nearly complete skull, Several vertebrae from the atlas to the end of the sacrum, and both ilia | A titanosaur |  | |
| Overosaurus | O. paradasorum | Upper | A fully articulated vertebral series consists of rib bones, dorsals, and ilium | A titanosaur |  | |
| Rinconsaurus | R. caudamirus | Rincón de los Sauces | Lower | The fossil remains included vertebrae, limb bones, scapula, hip bones (pubis, ilium, and ischium) and several ribs. | A titanosaur |  |
| Traukutitan[12] | T. eocaudata | Sitio Trauku | Lower | A partial semi-articulated skeleton including both thigh bones and thirteen vertebrae from the anterior and middle tail | A titanosaur | |
| Yeneen[13] | Y. houssayi | La Invernada | Lower | A disarticulated skeleton including vertebrae from all major regions, the ilia, and ribs, in addition to an isolated ilium of a second individual and a third undescribed specimen | A titanosaur |
 |
Theropods
| Theropods reported from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Achillesaurus | A. manazzonei | Paso Córdova | Upper | A partial skeleton consists of a sacral vertebra, four tail vertebrae, part of the left thighbone, shin, and foot, and the left ilium. | An alvarezsaurid |       |
| Alvarezsaurus | A. calvoi | Boca del Sapo, | Upper | A set of postcrania | An alvarezsaurid | |
| Diuqin[14] | D. lechiguanae | "the isthmus between the southeast coast of Lago Barreales and the northwest coast of Lago Mari Menuco" | Upper | A fragmentary but associated partial skeleton | An unenlagiine | |
| Llukalkan[15] | L. aliocranianus | La Invernada site. | Upper | A partial skull. | An abelisaurid | |
| Neuquenornis[3] | N. volans | Boca del Sapo | Upper | A skull and a partial postcranial remains. | An enantiornithean | |
| Patagopteryx | P. deferrariisi | Boca del Sapo | Upper | A partial, incomplete skeleton consisting of 18 vertebrae, synsacrum, and much of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, wings, and hindlimbs. | A flightless euornithean | |
| Tratayenia[16] | T. rosalesi | Traytenia locality | Upper | A well-preserved partial skeleton | A megaraptoran | |
| Velocisaurus[15] | V. unicus | Universidad Nacional del Comahue | Upper | A set of limb elements. | A noasaurid | |
| Viavenator[15] | V. exxoni | La Invernada | Upper | A partial skeleton | An abelisaurid | |
Other reptiles
| Other reptiles reported from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Lomalatachelys[17] | L. neuquina | A chelid turtle | ||||
| Dinilysia | D. patagonica | A snake | ||||
| Paleochelco[18] | P. occultato | A lizard | ||||
| Podocnemidoidea[19] | Indeterminate | |||||
See also
- List of fossil sites
- List of dinosaur bearing rock formations
- Mata Amarilla Formation, contemporaneous formation of the Austral Basin
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Sánchez et al., 2006
- ↑ Fossa Mancini et al., 1938
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Leanza et al., 2004
- ↑ Panzeri, K. M.; Gouiric Cavalli, S.; Cione, A. L.; Filippi, L. S. (2022). "Description of the first Cretaceous (Santonian) articulated skeletal lungfish remains from South America, Argentina". Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (37): 815–835. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a37.
- ↑ Coria et al., 2019
- ↑ Martinelli et al., 2012
- ↑ Filippi et al., 2018a
- ↑ Lio et al., 2018
- ↑ Martinelli, Agustín G.; Pais, Diego F. (2008). "A new baurusuchid crocodyliform (Archosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina)". Comptes Rendus Palevol 7 (6): 371–381. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.05.002.
- ↑ Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico; Manabe, Makoto; Tsuihiji, Takanobu; Novas, Fernando E. (September 2021). "Ornithischian remains from the Chorrillo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), southern Patagonia, Argentina, and their implications on ornithischian paleobiogeography in the Southern Hemisphere". Cretaceous Research 125. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104881. ISSN 0195-6671. Bibcode: 2021CrRes.12504881R.
- ↑ Cruzado Caballero et al., 2019
- ↑ Filippi, Leonardo S.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Gallina, Pablo A.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Gianechini, Federico A.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2023). "A rebbachisaurid-mimicking titanosaur and evidence of a Late Cretaceous faunal disturbance event in South-West Gondwana" (in en). Cretaceous Research 154. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105754. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ↑ Filippi, L. S.; Bellardini, F.; Carballido, J. I.; Méndez, A. H.; Garrido, A. C. (2026-01-12). "Yeneen houssayi gen. et sp. nov. and an overview of the sauropod titanosaurian diversity from Cerro Overo – La Invernada area (Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Santonian), North Patagonia, Argentina". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. doi:10.1080/08912963.2025.2584707.
- ↑ Porfiri, Juan D.; Baiano, Mattia A.; dos Santos, Domenica D.; Gianechini, Federico A.; Pittman, Michael; Lamanna, Matthew C. (2024-06-14). "Diuqin lechiguanae gen. et sp. nov., a new unenlagiine (Theropoda: Paraves) from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Neuquén Group, Upper Cretaceous) of Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina". BMC Ecology and Evolution 24 (1): 77. doi:10.1186/s12862-024-02247-w. ISSN 2730-7182. PMID 38872101. Bibcode: 2024BMCEE..24...77P.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Filippi et al., 2018b
- ↑ Porfiri et al., 2018
- ↑ F. d.e. Lapparent de Broin and M. S. de la Fuente. 2001. Oldest world Chelidae (Chelonii, Pleurodira), from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des planètes 333:463-470.
- ↑ Martinelli, Agustín Guillermo; Agnolin, Federico; Ezcurra, Martin (2021-07-26). "Unexpected new lizard from the Late Cretaceous of southern South America sheds light on Gondwanan squamate diversity" (in en). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. Nueva Serie 23 (1): 57–80. doi:10.22179/revmacn.23.716. ISSN 1853-0400. http://revista.macn.gob.ar/ojs/index.php/RevMus/article/view/716.
- ↑ Maniel, I. J. (2024). "Pelomedusoid turtles from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Santonian, Upper Cretaceous), Río Negro Province, Patagonia, Argentina". Ameghiniana 61 (3): 138–147. doi:10.5710/AMGH.12.06.2024.3591.
Bibliography
- Coria, Rodolfo A.; Ortega, Francisco; Arcucci, Andrea B.; Currie, Philip J. (2019). "A new and complete peirosaurid (Crocodyliformes, Notosuchia) from Sierra Barrosa (Santonian, Upper Cretaceous) of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina". Cretaceous Research 95: 89–105. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.008. Bibcode: 2019CrRes..95...89C.
- Cruzado Caballero, P.; Gasca, J.M.; Filippi, L.S.; Cerda, I.; Garrido, A.C. (2019). "A new ornithopod dinosaur from the Santonian of Northern Patagonia (Rincón de los Sauces, Argentina)". Cretaceous Research 98: 211–229. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.02.014. Bibcode: 2019CrRes..98..211C. http://rid.unrn.edu.ar/handle/20.500.12049/5562.
- Filippi, L.S.; Barrios, F.; Garrido, A.C. (2018a). "A new peirosaurid from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Santonian) of Cerro Overo, Neuquén, Argentina". Cretaceous Research 83: 75–83. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.10.021. Bibcode: 2018CrRes..83...75F. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321023452. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
- Filippi, Leonardo S.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Gianechini, Federico A.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2018). "Osteology of Viavenator exxoni (Abelisauridae; Furileusauria) from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, NW Patagonia, Argentina". Cretaceous Research 83: 95–119. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.07.019. Bibcode: 2018CrRes..83...95F. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318825390. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
- Fossa Mancini, E.; Feruglio, E.; Yussen de Campana, J.C. (1938). "Una reunión de geólogos de YPF y el problema de la terminología estratigráfica ("A YPF geologists' reunion and the problem of stratigraphy terminology")". Boletín de Informaciones Petroleras 15: 1–67.
- Leanza, H.A.; Apesteguia, S.; Novas, F.E.; De la Fuente, M.S. (2004). "Cretaceous terrestrial beds from the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) and their tetrapod assemblages". Cretaceous Research 25 (1): 61–87. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2003.10.005. Bibcode: 2004CrRes..25...61L. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257047651. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
- Lio, Gabriel; Agnolin, Federico L.; Martinelli, Agustín G.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Novas, Fernando E. (2018). "New specimen of the enigmatic, Late Cretaceous crocodyliform Neuquensuchus universitas sheds light on the anatomy of the species". Cretaceous Research 83: 62–74. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.09.014. Bibcode: 2018CrRes..83...62L. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320366505. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
- Martinelli, Agustín G.; Sertich, Joseph J.W.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Praderio, Ángel M. (2012). "A new peirosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina: Implications for specimens referred to Peirosaurus torminni Price (Crocodyliformes: Peirosauridae)". Cretaceous Research 37: 191–200. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.03.017. Bibcode: 2012CrRes..37..191M. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233755125. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
- Porfiri, Juan D.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Santos, Domenica D.D.; Lamanna, Matthew C. (2018). "A new megaraptoran theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation of northwestern Patagonia". Cretaceous Research 89: 302–319. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.03.014. Bibcode: 2018CrRes..89..302P. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323878344. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
- Sánchez, María Lidia; Heredia, Susana; Calvo, Jorge O. (2006). "Paleoambientes sedimentarios del Cretácico Superior de la Formación Plottier (Grupo Neuquén), Departamento Confluencia, Neuquén (Sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Upper Cretaceous Plottier Formation (Neuquen Group), Confluencia, Neuquén)". Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 61: 3–18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262615949. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
- Gianechini, Federico A.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Juárez-Valieri, Rubén D.; Garrido, Alberto C. (2021). "A New Furileusaurian Abelisaurid from La Invernada (Upper Cretaceous, Santonian, Bajo De La Carpa Formation), Northern Patagonia, Argentina.". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40 (6). doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1877151.
Further reading
- Leardi, Juan Martín; Pol, Diego; Brandoni de Gasparini, Zulma (2018). "New Patagonian baurusuchids (Crocodylomorpha; Notosuchia) from the Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Upper Cretaceous; Neuquén, Argentina): New evidences of the early sebecosuchian diversification in Gondwana". Comptes Rendus Palevol 17 (8): 504–521. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2018.02.002. Bibcode: 2018CRPal..17..504L. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323925185. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
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