Earth:Cañadón Calcáreo Formation

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Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Stratigraphic range: Oxfordian-Tithonian
~160–150 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofSierra de Olte Group
UnderliesLos Adobes Formation
OverliesCañadón Asfalto Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherShale, tuffite
Location
LocationPatagonia
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 43°12′S 69°06′W / 43.2°S 69.1°W / -43.2; -69.1
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 40°36′S 30°00′W / 40.6°S 30.0°W / -40.6; -30.0
RegionChubut Province
CountryArgentina
ExtentCañadón Asfalto Basin
Cañadón Calcáreo Formation is located in Argentina
Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Cañadón Calcáreo Formation (Argentina)

The Cañadón Calcáreo Formation is an Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian-aged geologic formation, from the Cañadón Asfalto Basin in Chubut Province, Argentina, a rift basin that started forming since the earliest Jurassic.[1] It was formerly thought to date into the Cretaceous, but the age has been revised with Uranium–lead dating as likely being solely Late Jurassic in age.[2][3][4]

It is a subunit of the Sierra de Olte Group, close to the city Cerro Condor in the Chubut Province of northwestern Patagonia, in southern Argentina. The formation is composed primarily of fluvial sandstones alongside shales and volcanic tuffites[3]

The formation preserves fishes, crocodylomorphs and some dinosaur taxa, as well as conifers.

Geology

Formation map and location, Shaded vertically

The Cañadón Calcáreo Formation is composed mainly of fluvial deposits, which are found close to the Cañadón Asfalto Formation. While originally thought to be part of the Cañadón Asfalto, there is a lack of calcareous rocks, and the geologic faulting and folding are weaker. The Cañadón Calcáreo Formation is overlain by the Chubut Group, the rocks of which lack synsedimentary deformation. The area of the Cañadón Calcáreo also includes lacustrine and palustrine rocks, including shales, pelites, psammites and coarse clastics.[4]

Age

The age of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation was originally presumed to be Late Jurassic, probably Kimmeridgian to Tithonian in age.[3] However, it has also been suggested to span the entire Late Jurassic, beginning in the Oxfordian, although this could also be because of the uncertainty of the youngest age Cañadón Asfalto Formation.[3][5] A 2009 study of the palynology from a section of the formation revealed an age that was Hauterivian, which suggests that the formation extends from the Late Jurassic into the Early Cretaceous.[4]

Fossil content

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

Ornithischians of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Stegosauria Indet.[6] Indeterminate Humerus An indeterminate stegosaur

Sauropods

Sauropods of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Bicharracosaurus[7] B. dionidei Dionide 3 Partial skeletons consist of Cervical vertebrae A macronarian sauropod
Bicharracosaurus
Tehuelchesaurus
Brachytrachelopan[3] B. mesai Partial articulated skeleton including a nearly complete presacral column A short-necked dicraeosaurid
Diplodocidae Indet.[8] Indeterminate Three dorsal vertebral centra and fragmentary scapula A diplodocid sauropod
Tehuelchesaurus[3] T. benitezii Partial skeleton including skin impressions A camarasaurid sauropod
Titanosauriformes Indet.[9] Indeterminate Humerus, chevron A titanosauriform sauropod; originally reported as a brachiosaurid[10]

Theropods

Theropods of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Abelisauridae Indet.[11] Indeterminate Cervical vertebra, fragmentary skeleton A abelisaurid theropod
Pandoravenator[5] P. fernandezorum Partial skeleton A tetanuran theropod

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Almadasuchus[12] A. fragilis Partial skull and postcranial skeleton. A hallopodid crocodylomorph

Fish

Fishes of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Condorlepis[13] C. groeberi A coccolepidid fish
Luisiella[14] L. feruglioi A luisiellid fish


Crustaceans

Crustaceans of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Congestheriella C. rauhuti A clam shrimp
Mandelstamia M. spp. A limnocytherid ostracodan
Metacypris M. sp. A loxoconchidae ostracodan
Pseudestherites P. sp. A clam shrimp
Theryosinoecum T. barrancalensis minor A cytheroid ostracodan
Timiriasevia T. sp. A limnocytherid ostracodan

Insects

Insects of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Chironomidae Indet. Indeterminate
Neorthophlebidae Indet. Indeterminate

Plants

Plant of the Cañadón Calcáreo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Pararaucaria[15] P. delfueyoi A pine

See also

References

  1. ↑ Figari et al., 2015, p.142
  2. ↑ Cúneo, Rubén; Ramezani, Jahandar; Scasso, Roberto; Pol, Diego; Escapa, Ignacio; Zavattieri, Ana M.; Bowring, Samuel A. (November 2013). "High-precision U–Pb geochronology and a new chronostratigraphy for the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, Chubut, central Patagonia: Implications for terrestrial faunal and floral evolution in Jurassic". Gondwana Research 24 (3–4): 1267–1275. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.01.010. ISSN 1342-937X. Bibcode: 2013GondR..24.1267C. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Novas, F.J. (2009). The Age of Dinosaurs in South America. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–458. ISBN 978-0-253-35289-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=dXYi6j7QQ-YC. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Volkheimer, W.; Gallego, O.F.; Cabaleri, N.G.; Narváez, P.L.; Silva Nieto, D.G.; Páez, M.A. (2009). "Stratigraphy, palynology, and conchostracans of a Lower Cretaceous sequence at the Cañadón Calcáreo locality, Extra-Andean central Patagonia: age and palaeoenvironmental significance". Cretaceous Research 30 (2009): 270–282. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.07.010. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rauhut, O.; Pol, D. (2017). "A theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Central Patagonia, and the evolution of the theropod tarsus". Ameghiniana 54 (5): 539–566. doi:10.5710/AMGH.12.10.2017.3105. 
  6. ↑ Rauhut, O. W. M.; Carballido, J. L.; Pol, D. (2021). "First Osteological Record of a Stegosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic of South America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40 (6). doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1862133. 
  7. ↑ Reutter, A.; Carballido, J. L.; Windholz, G. J.; Pol, D.; Rauhut, O. W. M. (2026). "Bicharracosaurus dionidei, gen. et sp. nov., a new macronarian (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Argentina and the problematic early evolution of macronarians". PeerJ 14. doi:10.7717/peerj.20945. 
  8. ↑ Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Carballido, José L.; Pol, Diego (3 September 2015). "A diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (5). doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.982798. 
  9. ↑ Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Barnes, Rosie N.; Mateus, Octávio (2013-05-01). "Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168 (1): 98–206. doi:10.1111/zoj.12029. ISSN 0024-4082. 
  10. ↑ Rauhut, O.W. (2006). "A brachiosaurid sauropod from the late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina". Fossil Record 9 (2): 226–237. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600010. 
  11. ↑ Rauhut, Oliver W.M.; Pol, Diego (2021-06-19). "New theropod remains from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo formation of Chubut, Argentina" (in en). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 111. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103434. ISSN 0895-9811. Bibcode: 2021JSAES.11103434R. 
  12. ↑ Diego Pol; Oliver W. M. Rauhut; Agustina Lecuona; Juan M. Leardi; Xing Xu; James M. Clark (2013). "A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes". Biological Reviews 88 (4): 862–872. doi:10.1111/brv.12030. PMID 23445256. 
  13. ↑ Adriana López-Arbarello; Emilia Sferco; Oliver W.M. Rauhut (2013). "A new genus of coccolepidid fishes (Actinopterygii, Chondrostei) from the continental Jurassic of Patagonia". Palaeontologia Electronica 16 (1): 7A. http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2013/397-new-coccolepidid-from-patagonia. 
  14. ↑ Bean, Lynne B.; Arratia, Gloria (2020-01-02). "Anatomical revision of the Australian teleosts Cavenderichthys talbragarensis and Waldmanichthys koonwarri impacting on previous phylogenetic interpretations of teleostean relationships". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 44 (1): 121–159. doi:10.1080/03115518.2019.1666921. ISSN 0311-5518. 
  15. ↑ Escapa, I.H.; Cúneo, N.R.; Rothwell, G.; Stockey, R.A. (2013). "Pararaucaria delfueyoi sp. nov. from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation, Chubut, Argentina: Insights into the Evolution of the Cheirolepidiaceae". International Journal of Plant Sciences 174 (3): 458–470. doi:10.1086/668612. http://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/11336/1531/1/Escapa_2013_Int__J_Plant_Sci_-Pararaucaria_delfueyoisp__nov__from_the_Late_Jurassic_Ca_ad_n_Calc_reo_Formation_Chubut_Argentina_Insights_into_the_Evolution_of_the_Cheirolepidiaceae.pdf. 

Bibliography

Further reading

  • O. W. M. Rauhut, J. L. Carballido, and D. Pol. 2015. A diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Chubut, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(5):e982798:1-8
  • O. W. M. Rauhut, K. Remes, R. Fechner, G. Cladera, and P. Puerta. 2005. Discovery of a short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period of Patagonia. Nature 435:670-672
  • T. H. Rich, O. Giménez, R. Cúneo, P. F. Puerta, R. Vacca and P. A. Vickers-Rich. 1997. Primer registro de un camarasáurido primitivo en el Gondwana patagónico [First record of a primitive camarasaurid in Patagonian Gondwana]. Ameghiniana 34(4):540



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