Earth:Cucaracha Formation

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Cucaracha Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Burdigalian-Mid Langhian (Hemingfordian-Barstovian)
19–14 Ma
↓
TypeFormation
UnderliesPedro Miguel & La Boca Formations
OverliesCulebra Formation
Thickness~125 m (410 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, conglomerate
OtherClaystone
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 9°00′N 79°36′W / 9.0°N 79.6°W / 9.0; -79.6
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 8°24′N 77°30′W / 8.4°N 77.5°W / 8.4; -77.5
RegionPanamá Province
CountryPanama
ExtentPanama Basin
Cucaracha Formation is located in Panama
Cucaracha Formation
Cucaracha Formation (Panama)

The Cucaracha Formation (Tca)[1] is a geologic formation in Panama. It preserves vertebrate and plant fossils dating back to the Neogene period; Early to Middle Miocene epochs (Hemingfordian).[2] Fossils of the crocodylian Centenariosuchus, the turtle Rhinoclemmys panamaensis and the artiodactyl Paratoceras have been found in the formation.[3]

The Cucaracha Formation is approximately 125 metres (410 ft) thick,[4] and dated to 19 to 14 Ma.[5]

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Mammals

Bats

Bats reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Americanycteris[6][7] A. cyrtodon Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill Partial jaw & right premolar A leaf-nosed bat, first reported as a new "large insectivorous phyllostomine"

Carnivorans

Carnivorans reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Bassaricyonoides[6] B. sp. Gaillard Cut A procyonid
Daphoenodon[6] cf. D. sp. Gaillard Cut A bear dog
Hemicyonidae indet.[8] Indeterminate Gaillard Cut Radius & ulna fragment A bear
Tomarctus[6][8] T. brevirostris Gaillard Cut Jaw & teeth A borophagine dog

Rodents

Rodents reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Nototamias[6] N. sp. Gaillard Cut A ground squirrel
Petauristodon[6] P. sp. Gaillard Cut A flying squirrel
Proheteromys[6] P. sp. Gaillard Cut A heteromyid
Texomys[6][9] T. stewarti Pedro Miguel Lock & Gaillard Cut Teeth A jimomyid

Ungulates

Ungulates reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anchitherium[6][8][10] A. clarencei Gaillard Cut & Centenario Bridge Mandible fragment, upper cheek tooth & maxilla An equid
Archaeohippus[6][8] A. sp. Gaillard Cut Calcaneus & tooth An equid
Cynorca[6][11] C. occidentale Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill Jaw elements with teeth Species reassigned to the genus Tedfordhyus[12]
Floridaceras[6][8] F. whitei Gaillard Cut Jaws, teeth & femur fragment A rhinoceros
Floridatragulus[6] cf. F. nanus Gaillard Cut A camelid
Machaeromeryx[6] cf. M. sp. Gaillard Cut A moschid
Menoceras[6][8] M. barbouri Gaillard Cut Teeth & limb elements A rhinoceros
Merycochoerus[6][8] M. matthewi Gaillard Cut Skull elements An oreodont
Parablastomeryx[6] cf. P. sp. Gaillard Cut A moschid
Paratoceras[6][8][13] P. coatesi Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge, Hodges Hill & Cartagena Hill Skull elements, teeth & limb fragments A protoceratid, first reported as P. wardi
P. wardi Gaillard Cut Skull elements, teeth & limb fragments Remains reassigned to P. coatesi
Tedfordhyus[6][11] T. occidentalis Gaillard Cut, Centenario Bridge & Hodges Hill Jaw elements with teeth A peccary, originally named Cynorca occidentale

Reptiles

Birds

Birds reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Accipitridae indet.[14] Indeterminate West side of the Panama Canal Talon A large eagle, talon resembles those of the crowned eagle and martial eagle

Crocodilians

Crocodilians reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Centenariosuchus[15] C. gilmorei Hodges Hill Skull & jaw A caiman
cf. C. gilmorei Centenario Bridge Right angular A caiman
Dadagavialis[16] D. gunai East margin of the Panama Canal Partial snout A gavialid
cf. D. gunai Centenario Bridge Partial mandible A gavialid
Eusuchia indet.[15] Indeterminate Panama Canal Zone Headless skeleton Osteoderms comparable to those of gavialids such as Gavialosuchus, but crocodilian osteoderms are non-diagnostic

Squamates

Squamates reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Boa[17] B. cf. B. constrictor Cartagena Hill & Hodges Hill Incomplete vertebrae A boid snake

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Podocnemididae indet.[18] Incertae sedis Centenario Bridge Right epiplastron A side-necked turtle
Rhinoclemmys[18] R. panamaensis Centenario Bridge Shell elements A geoemydid turtle
R. sp. Centenario Bridge & Culebra Reach Isolated bones A geoemydid turtle
Staurotypus[18] S. moschus Centenario Bridge Peripheral part of shell A kinosternid turtle
Testudinidae indet.[18] Incertae sedis Culebra Reach Shell & limb elements A tortoise
Trionychidae indet.[18] Incertae sedis Centenario Bridge Right costal A softshell turtle

Plants

Plants reported from the Cucaracha Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ampelorhiza[19] A. heteroxylon Culebra Cut Roots A member of Paullinieae
Antrocaryon[20] A. panamaensis Lirio East Endocarps A member of Anacardiaceae
Dracontomelon[20] D. montesii Lirio East Endocarps A member of Anacardiaceae
Guazumaoxylon[21] G. miocenica Hodges Hill Wood A member of Malvaceae, similar to Guazuma
Mammea[22] M. paramericana Northern Lirio East Stem A member of Calophyllaceae
Oreomunnea[23] O. grahamii Lirio East Nuts A member of Juglandaceae
Panascleroticoxylon[24] P. crystallosa Hodges Hill Wood A member of Malpighiales
Parinari[25] P. panamensis Lirio East, Gold Hill & Empire sites Endocarps A member of Chrysobalanaceae
Parinarioxylon[25] P. panamensis Lirio East Wood A member of Chrysobalanaceae
Periplanetoxylon[21] P. panamense Hodges Hill Wood A member of Malvaceae
Prioria[26] P. canalensis Hodges Hill Wood A legume
P. hodgesii Hodges Hill Wood A legume
Rourea[27] R. blatta Northern Lirio East site Wood A liana belonging to the Connaraceae
Spondias[20] S. rothwellii Lirio East Endocarps A member of Anacardiaceae

See also

  • List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Panama

References

  1. ↑ Geologic Map, 1980
  2. ↑ Cucaracha Formation at Fossilworks.org
  3. ↑ Centenariosuchus at Fossilworks.org
  4. ↑ Kirby et al., 2008, p.9
  5. ↑ Kirby et al., 2008, p.11
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 MacFadden, Bruce J.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Evans, Helen; Foster, David A.; Morgan, Gary S.; Rincon, Aldo; Wood, Aaron R. (March 2014). "Temporal Calibration and Biochronology of the Centenario Fauna, Early Miocene of Panama" (in en). The Journal of Geology 122 (2): 113–135. doi:10.1086/675244. ISSN 0022-1376. Bibcode: 2014JG....122..113M. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261437653. 
  7. ↑ Morgan, Gary S.; Czaplewski, Nicholas; Rincon, Aldo F.; Bloch, Jonathan Ivan (November 2023). "A new early Miocene bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Panama confirms middle Cenozoic chiropteran dispersal between the Americas". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 30 (4): 963–993. doi:10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10914-023-09690-4. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Macfadden, Bruce J. (2006). "North American Miocene Land Mammals from Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (3): 720–734. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[720:NAMLMF2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4524616. 
  9. ↑ Slaughter, Bob H. (1981). "A New Genus of Geomyoid Rodent from the Miocene of Texas and Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1 (1): 111–115. doi:10.1080/02724634.1981.10011884. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 1981JVPal...1..111S. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4522841. 
  10. ↑ MacFadden, Bruce J. (2009). "Three-Toed Browsing Horse Anchitherium (Equidae) from the Miocene of Panama". Journal of Paleontology 83 (3): 489–492. doi:10.1666/08-155.1. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 2009JPal...83..489M. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29739113. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Macfadden, Bruce J.; Kirby, Michael X.; Rincon, Aldo; Montes, Camilo; Moron, Sara; Strong, Nikki; Jaramillo, Carlos (March 2010). "Extinct peccary "Cynorca" occidentale (Tayassuidae, Tayassuinae) from the Miocene of Panama and correlations to North America" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 84 (2): 288–298. doi:10.1666/09-064R.1. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 2010JPal...84..288M. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228491624. 
  12. ↑ PROTHERO, DONALD R. (2021-05-28) (in en). THE SYSTEMATICS OF NORTH AMERICAN PECCARIES (MAMMALIA: ARTIODACTYLA: TAYASSUIDAE). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. https://books.google.com/books?id=fJcwEAAAQBAJ. 
  13. ↑ Rincon, Aldo F.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Macfadden, Bruce J.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2015-09-03). "New early Miocene protoceratids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from Panama" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (5). doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.970688. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2015JVPal..35E0688R. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2015.970688. 
  14. ↑ Steadman, David. W.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2016). "A large eagle (Aves, Accipitridae) from the early Miocene of Panama". Journal of Paleontology 90 (5): 1012–1015. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.103. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 2016JPal...90.1012S. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48572611. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Rincon, Aldo F.; Macfadden, Bruce J. (2013). "Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (2): 239. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.713814. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2013JVPal..33..239H. https://www.academia.edu/26991778. 
  16. ↑ Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo; Moreno-Bernal, Jorge W.; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2019-06-18). "New Miocene Caribbean gavialoids and patterns of longirostry in crocodylians" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (12): 1049–1075. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1495275. ISSN 1477-2019. Bibcode: 2019JSPal..17.1049S. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328006806. 
  17. ↑ Head, Jason J.; Rincon, Aldo F.; Suarez, Catalina; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos (2012-10-31). "Fossil evidence for earliest Neogene American faunal interchange: Boa (Serpentes, Boinae) from the early Miocene of Panama" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (6): 1328–1334. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694387. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 2012JVPal..32.1328H. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2012.694387. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Cadena, E.; Bourque, J.R.; Rincón, A.F.; Bloch, J.I.; Jaramillo, C.A.; MacFadden, B.J. (2012). "New turtles (Chelonia) from the late Eocene through Late Miocene of the Panama Canal Basin". Journal of Paleontology 86 (3): 539–557. doi:10.1666/11-106.1. Bibcode: 2012JPal...86..539C. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233777124. 
  19. ↑ Jud, Nathan A.; Allen, Sarah E.; Nelson, Chris W.; Bastos, Carolina L.; Chery, Joyce G. (2021-04-07). Wong, William Oki. ed. "Climbing since the early Miocene: The fossil record of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae)" (in en). PLOS ONE 16 (4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248369. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 33826635. PMC 8026063. Bibcode: 2021PLoSO..1648369J. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350712094. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Herrera, Fabiany; Carvalho, Mónica R.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Manchester, Steven R. (July 2019). "19-Million-Year-Old Spondioid Fruits from Panama Reveal a Dynamic Dispersal History for Anacardiaceae" (in en). International Journal of Plant Sciences 180 (6): 479–492. doi:10.1086/703551. ISSN 1058-5893. Bibcode: 2019IJPlS.180..479H. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331960612. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris; Falcon-Lang, Howard; Gasson, Peter; Collinson, Margaret; Jaramillo, Carlos (October 2014). "Fossil woods (Malvaceae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their biogeographic implications". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 209: 11–34. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.05.006. ISSN 0034-6667. Bibcode: 2014RPaPa.209...11R. 
  22. ↑ Nelson, Chris W.; Jud, Nathan A. (2017-03-01). "Biogeographic Implications of Mammea paramericana sp. nov. from the Lower Miocene of Panama and the Evolution of Calophyllaceae" (in en). International Journal of Plant Sciences 178 (3): 241–257. doi:10.1086/689618. ISSN 1058-5893. Bibcode: 2017IJPlS.178..241N. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/689618. 
  23. ↑ Graham, Alan; Montiel, Olga Martha; Raven, Peter H.; Stevens, Warren Douglas (2014). "Fruits of Oreomunnea (Juglandaceae) in the early Miocene of Panama" (in en). Paleobotany and biogeography :a festschrift for Alan Graham in his 80th year. Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 124–133. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303286558. 
  24. ↑ Rodriguez-Reyes, Oris; Gasson, Peter; Thornton, Carolyn; Falcon-Lang, Howard J.; Jud, Nathan A. (2017-12-06). "Panascleroticoxylon crystallosa gen. et sp. nov.: a new Miocene malpighialean tree from Panama". IAWA Journal 38 (4): 437–455. doi:10.1163/22941932-20170178. ISSN 0928-1541. https://brill.com/view/journals/iawa/38/4/article-p437_2.xml. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Jud, Nathan A.; Nelson, Chris W.; Herrera, Fabiany (2016-02-10). "Fruits and wood of Parinari from the early Miocene of Panama and the fossil record of Chrysobalanaceae" (in en). American Journal of Botany 103 (2): 277–289. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500425. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26865122. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294107476. 
  26. ↑ Rodríguez-Reyes, Oris; Gasson, Peter; Falcon-Lang, Howard J.; Collinson, Margaret E. (November 2017). "Fossil legume woods of the Prioria-clade (subfamily Detarioideae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their systematic and palaeoecological implications" (in en). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 246: 44–61. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.06.005. Bibcode: 2017RPaPa.246...44R. 
  27. ↑ Jud, Nathan A.; Nelson, Chris W. (May 2017). "A liana from the lower Miocene of Panama and the fossil record of Connaraceae" (in en). American Journal of Botany 104 (5): 685–693. doi:10.3732/ajb.1700080. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 28500228. https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.1700080. 

Bibliography



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