Earth:El Gallo Formation

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El Gallo Formation
Stratigraphic range:
Santonian–Maastrichtian
Afloramiento de la formación El Gallo
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsEl Disecado Member
Thicknessup to ca. 1,150 m (3,770 ft) (El Disecado Member)
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone, sandstone
OtherSiltstone
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 30°06′N 115°48′W / 30.1°N 115.8°W / 30.1; -115.8
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 35°30′N 85°48′W / 35.5°N 85.8°W / 35.5; -85.8
RegionBaja California
CountryMexico
El Gallo Formation is located in Mexico
El Gallo Formation
El Gallo Formation (Mexico)
Paleogeography of the Campanian, showcasing what North America was like during the time range the formation spans

The El Gallo Formation is a geological formation in Mexico whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous, from the Santonian to the Maastrichtian.[1] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.[2]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Crurotarsans

Crurotarsans of the El Gallo Formation
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes Images
Brachychampsa [3]
Leidyosuchus

Dinosaurs

Indeterminate theropod, coelurosaur, dromaeosaurid, tyrannosaurid, hadrosaurid, and ankylosaurid remains are known from the formation.[4] Dinosaur eggs are known from the formation.[5] Alexornis antecedens actually comes from the La Bocana Roja Formation. An indeterminate hadrosaurine is known from the formation.[6] Potential Hypacrosaurus remains have been unearthed here.[7][8]

Dinosaurs of the El Gallo Formation
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes Images
cf. Chirostenotes[4] C. sp.
Gryposaurus[6] Indeterminate
Lambeosaurus[9] L. laticaudus[9]
Magnapaulia M. laticaudus El Rosario site El Disecado A partial skeleton A large lambeosaur
Saurornitholestinae[4] Indeterminate
cf. Troodon[10] T. formosus[10]
Tyrannosauridae[4] Indeterminate Possibly represents a new taxon.[4]
Maniraptora[11] Maniraptora indet.
Troodontidae[11] Troodontidae indet.
Dromaeosauridae[11] Dromaeosauridae indet.
Theropoda[11] Theropoda indet.

Lepidosaurs

The diversity of lipodosaurs in El Gallo fomation is scarce. However, the Polyglyohanodontian Dicothon bajaensis is by far the lizard with an important fossil record for this formation [12][13].

Lepidosaurs of the El Gallo Formation
Genus Species Location Member Abundance Notes Images
Dicothodon bajaensis
Paraglyphanodon[14] Indeterminate[14] Probably a juvenile Polyglyphanodon.[5]

Mammals

Mammals of the El Gallo Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Abundance Notes Images
Cimolodon[15] C. desosai
Mesodma[16] M. formosa[16]
Pediomys[5] Indeterminate[5]
Stygimys[14] Indeterminate[14]

Amphibians

An indeterminate albanerpetontid is known from the formation.[17]

See also

  • List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
  • List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Mexico

References

  1. ↑ Kane, I. A.; Hodgson, D. M.; Hubbard, S. M.; McArthur, A. D.; Poyatos-Moré, M.; Soutter, E. L.; Flint, S. S.; Matthews, W. (2022). "Deep-water Tectono-Stratigraphy at a Plate Boundary Constrained by Large N-Detrital Zircon and Micropaleontological Approaches: Peninsular Ranges Forearc, Baja California, Mexico". The Sedimentary Record 20 (1). doi:10.2110/001c.37652. https://thesedimentaryrecord.scholasticahq.com/article/37652-deep-water-tectono-stratigraphy-at-a-plate-boundary-constrained-by-large-n-detrital-zircon-and-micropaleontological-approaches-peninsular-ranges-fore. 
  2. ↑ "El Gallo Formation." Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.587-588
  3. ↑ "Appendix: Summary of the Mesozoic Reptilian Fossils of California," in Hilton (2003) p. 277
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Ramírez-Velasco, A. A.; Hernández-Rivera, R. (2015). "Diversity of late cretaceous dinosaurs from Mexico". Boletín Geológico y Minero 126 (1): 63–108. http://revistas.igme.es/Boletin/2015/126_1/8-Articulo%204.pdf. Retrieved 2020-10-02. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "El Gallo Formation, Baja California Del Norte, Mexico," in Sullivan and Lucas (2006). Page 16.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cabrera Hernandez, Jonathan S.; Hernandez Rivera, René; Montellano, Marisol (2018). "FOSSIL EGGSHELLS AND TWO PERINATAL DINOSAURS FROM THE EL GALLO FORMATION (LATE CRETACEOUS), EL ROSARIO, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts 38. http://vertpaleo.org/Annual-Meeting/Annual-Meeting-Home/SVP-2018-program-book-V4-FINAL-with-covers-9-24-18.aspx. Retrieved 2020-10-14. 
  7. ↑ Morris, William J. (1967). "Baja California: Late Cretaceous Dinosaurs". Science 155 (3769): 1539–1541. ISSN 0036-8075. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1720983. 
  8. ↑ Morris, William J. (1973). "A Review of Pacific Coast Hadrosaurs". Journal of Paleontology 47 (3): 551–561. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1303203. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Appendix: Summary of the Mesozoic Reptilian Fossils of California," in Hilton (2003) p. 260
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "4.5 Estado de Baja California Norte, Mexico; 1. El Gallo Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Pages 587-588.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 García-Gil, Vanessa Alexandra; Torices, Angélica; López-Miguel, Mirella; Montellano-Ballesteros, Marisol (2026). "Isolated teeth of small theropods from the El Gallo Formation, Baja California, Mexico" (in en). Cretaceous Research 181. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106292. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667125002150. 
  12. ↑ México, Dirección General de Repositorios Universitarios, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de. "Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" (in es-MX). http://repositorio.unam.mx/. 
  13. ↑ Chavarría-Arellano, María Luisa; Simões, Tiago R.; Montellano-Ballesteros, Marisol (2018). "New data on the Late Cretaceous lizard Dicothodon bajaensis (Squamata, Borioteiioidea) from Baja California, Mexico reveals an unusual tooth replacement pattern in squamates" (in en). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 90: 2781–2795. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820170563. ISSN 0001-3765. https://www.scielo.br/j/aabc/a/BvCn3wd94JW3ZNXDWSkJyVJ/?lang=en. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Listed as "cf. Paraglyphanodon" in "El Gallo Formation, Baja California Del Norte, Mexico," in Sullivan and Lucas (2006). Page 16.
  15. ↑ Wilson Mantilla, G. P.; Newbins, I. R.; Fastovsky, D. E.; Zhang, Y.; Montellano-Ballesteros, M.; García Alcántara, D.; Chen, M. (2026). "Cranial and postcranial remains of a new species of Cimolodon (Mammalia, Multituberculata, Cimolodontidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) El Gallo Formation of Baja California, México". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi:10.1080/02724634.2026.2641109. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Listed as "Mesodma cf. M. formosa" in "El Gallo Formation, Baja California Del Norte, Mexico," in Sullivan and Lucas (2006). Page 16.
  17. ↑ Romo de Vivar Martínez, Paulo R.; Montellano Ballesteros, Marisol; García Alcántara, Dalia; Romo de Vivar Martínez, Paulo R.; Montellano Ballesteros, Marisol; García Alcántara, Dalia (December 2016). "Primer registro de la Familia Albanerpetontidae (Lissamphibia) en la formación El Gallo (Campaniano, Cretácico Superior), Baja California, México" (in es). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 68 (3): 571–580. doi:10.18268/BSGM2016v68n3a11. ISSN 1405-3322. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1405-33222016000300571&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es. 

Bibliography

Further reading

  • M. L. Chavarria-Arellano, T. R. Simões, and M. Montellano-Ballesteros. 2018. New data on the Late Cretaceous lizard Dicothodon bajaensis (Squamata, Borioteiioidea) from Baja California, Mexico reveals an unusual tooth replacement pattern in squamates. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
  • O. A. López Conde, J. Sterli, M. L. Chavarría Arellano, D. B. Brinkman, and M. Montellano Ballesteros. 2018. Turtles from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of El Gallo Formation, Baja California, Mexico. South American Journal of Earth Sciences 88:693-699
  • B. R. Peecook, J. A. Wilson, R. Hernandez-Rivera, M. Montellano-Ballesteros, and G. P. Wilson. 2014. First tyrannosaurid remains from the Upper Cretaceous "El Gallo" Formation of Baja California, Mexico. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59(1):71-80
  • A. A. Ramírez Velasco, R. Hernández Rivera, and R. Servin Pichardo. 2014. The hadrosaurian record from Mexico. In D. A. Eberth & D. C. Evans (ed.), Hadrosaurs 340–360
  • H. E. Rivera Sylva, K. Carpenter, and F. J. Aranda Manteca. 2011. Late Cretaceous nodosaurids (Ankylosauria: Ornithischia) from Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 28(3):371-378
  • W. J. Morris. 1973. Mesozoic and Tertiary vertebrates in Baja California. National Geographic Society Research Reports (1966) 7:197-209
  • A. Silva Bárcenas. 1969. Localidades de vertebrados fósiles en la Republica Méxicana [Vertebrate fossil localities in the Mexican Republic]. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Paleontología Mexicana 28:1-34
  • W. Langston and M. H. Oakes. 1954. Hadrosaurs in Baja California. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 65(12):1344



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