Earth:May Hill Sandstone

May Hill Sandstone Stratigraphic range: early Silurian ~Telychian PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Template:Period fossil range
A view of May Hill, the locality after which the formation is named.
Type	Formation
Underlies	Huntley Hill Formation
Overlies	(unconformably) Bronsil Shale (unconformably in the Southern Malvern Hills) Malvern Complex
Thickness	~700 ft (213 m)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Other	Mudstone, Siltstone. Conglomerate
Location
Region	Herefordshire (and formally Gloucestershire
Country	United Kingdom
Type section
Named for	May Hill, Gloucestershire
Named by	Adam Sedgwick
Year defined	1853

The May Hill Sandstone, previously a part of the Caradoc Series, is an Ordovician aged geologic formation in Herefordshire, and previously Gloucestershire prior to it being further split up. Large areas of the formation are fossiliferous in nature, with the fauna predominately composed of brachiopods and corals.

History and naming

Prior to its formal naming, the sandstones had previously been assigned to the Caradoc Series. However, in 1852, Adam Sedgwick went on to examine a locality of the Caradoc Series at May Hill in Gloucestershire, as well as corresponding rocks along the western flank of the Malvern Hills in Herefordshire. Through these examinations, Sedgwick had noted that the fossils of the wider Caradoc Series, and those found in May Hill were considerably different, and thus would propose that the sandstones of May Hill be split from the Caradoc Series into a distinct formation, taking on the name of the "May Hill Sandstone", although not before a few other names were proposed, such as the "Wenlock Grit" or "Wenlock Sandstone".

In 1920, Gardiner would see a large portion of the May Hill Sandstone in the May Hill area split into new distinct formations, namely the Huntley Hill Formation, and Yartleton Formation. Further attempts to split up the rest of the May Hill Sandstone in the Malvern Hills have occurred, although these had never been properly defined, and thus were included back into the May Hill Sandstone.

Geology

When compared to the formations below it, the May Hill Sandstone has a considerably larger geographical range. It can be found outcropping at Gullet Wood at the base of Midsummer Hill, with a thickness up to 700 ft (210 m), and extending for a mile eastwards towards Eastnor in Herefordshire, with the formation being predominately composed of red coarse-grained sandstone. The outcrop at Gullet Wood also extends in a southerly direction from two point, with one major extension extending from the Eastnor extension, down to Howler's Heath before being cut off by Permian breccias, whilst the other minor extension broken up by transverse faults, and forms the eastern rim of a inlier with the underlying Bronsil Shale as far as Ledbury Road, where it continues still southwards, now being faulted on either side by the Bronsil Shales.

At the base of the formation west of Bronsil, the beds are predominately composed of 5 m (16 ft) of red, micaceous mudstone, inter-bedded in several layers with green sandstone. Above this, there are beds up to 30 m (98 ft) thick of brown siltstones and sandstones, followed by beds of a similar thickness composed of pink to purple coarse-grained sandstones, grits, and conglomerates. These layers are then overlain by beds from higher up in the formation.

Facies

There can also be found two notably facies in the May Hill Sandstone, the first, Type A, being composed of a coarse-grained, massive, gritty type red to chocolate-brown sandstone, whilst Type B is primarily composed of fine-grained, flaggy, buff-coloured sandstone.

Paleoenvironment

The depositional environment of the May Hill Sandstone was likely that of a shallow marine environment, likely a mud-line surrounding continental waters, inferred from the alternating appearance of mica-rich to ferruginous laminae that are predominately gritty in nature, which is common for environments with frequent variation in the overall deposition of sediments, alongside the notable absence of current-bedding accounting for the presence of the mineral glauconite, which commonly forms in sediments of shallow waters.

Paleobiota

The May Hill Sandstone contains a wide range of brachiopods such as Orthis and Stegerhynchus, as well as corals, including Favosites and Palaeocyclus. Alongside this, rare occurrences of other Ordovician fossils have also been found, such as the trilobite Encrinurus, and the notably stratigraphically important crinoid, Petalocrinus.

Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon		Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Arthropoda

Arthropoda
Genus	Species	Notes	Images
Encrinurus	E. punetatus	Encrinurid trilobite.

Echinoderm

Echinoderm
Genus	Species	Notes	Images
Petalocrinus	Petalocrinus sp.	Petalocrinid echinoderm.

Lophotrochozoa

Lophotrochozoa
Genus	Species	Notes	Images
Strophomena	S. simulans (?) S. funiculata S. peeten S. englypha	Strophomenid brachiopod.
Leptagonia	L. depressa	Strophomenid brachiopod.
Pholidostrophia	P. salopiensis	Strophomenid brachiopod.
Spirifera	S. crispa	Spiriferid brachiopod.
Hemithyris	H. navicula H. diodonta H. marginalis	Hemithiridid brachiopod.
Pentamerus	P. lens P. linguifera P. galeatus	Pentamerid brachiopod.
Orthis	O. turgida (?) O. davidsoni O. elegantula O. hybrida	Orthid brachiopod.
Leptaena	L. transversalis L. minima	Rafinesquinid brachiopod.
Lingula	Lingula sp.	Lingulid brachiopod.
Stegerhynchus	S. decemplicatus	Rhynchonellid brachiopod.
Costistricklandia	C. lirata	Stricklandiid brachiopod.
Eocoelia	E. curtisi	Athyridid brachiopod.
Pterinea	P. retroflexa var. demissa	Pterineid brachiopod.
Spirigerina	S. reticularis S. marginalis	Brachiopod.
Area	A. eastnori	Brachiopod.
Cornulites	C. serpularius C. serpuloides	Tentaculite lophotrochozoan.
Euomphalus	E. funatus	Euomphalid gastropod.
Orthoceras	O. annulatum	Orthoceratid cephalopod.
Stenopora	S. fibrosa	Trepostomatid bryozoan.

Cnidaria

Cnidaria
Genus	Species	Notes	Images
Favosites	F. gothlandicus F. multipora	Favositid cnidarian. F. gothlandicus originally reported as F. gothlandica in Sedgwick (1853).
Halysites	H. eatenulata	Hexacoral cnidarian.
Petraia	P. bina	Hexacoral cnidarian.
Palaeocyclus	P. porpita	Hexacoral cnidarian.

See also

• List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England