Earth:Negro de Chorrillos

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Short description: Volcano in the Andes

Template:Coord/display/intitle Negro de Chorrillos is a volcano in the Andes.

Negro de Chorrillos - sometimes also known as Cerro Chorrillos or Cerro Negro de Chorrillos -[1] lies on the Puna, a high plateau in the Andes. Numerous volcanoes of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, including calderas, monogenetic volcanoes and polygenetic volcanoes, rise on this plateau.[2] Most of the volcanoes there are back-arc volcanoes with only a few stratovolcanoes such as Tunupa, Cerro Tuzgle and Uturuncu[3] the second of which is close to Negro de Chorrillos. The major Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault lie nearby, as do active and inactive hot springs.[4] This major fault zone is accompanied by a chain of volcanic systems;[5] in general, volcanism in the region has been influenced by large fault systems.[3] The basement in the region is formed by Precambrian-Cambrian units with Cretaceous-Oligocene sediments[6] and ignimbrites from the Aguas Calientes caldera.[7]

Negro de Chorrillos covers a surface of about 5.88 square kilometres (2.27 sq mi)[8] and features a scoria cone.[9] It has erupted lava flows of the aa lava and block lava type, which flowed 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) down a valley. Ash fall, lava bombs and scoria are also found.[10] Both Negro de Chorrillos and neighbouring San Jerónimo centres have heights of 300–450 metres (980–1,480 ft) and widths of 750–950 metres (2,460–3,120 ft).[7] The volume of both centres is less than 0.1 cubic kilometres (0.024 cu mi).[11] Negro de Chorrillos may be the source of local pyroclastic flows, and material eroded from such flows.[12]

The Negro de Chorrillos monogenetic volcano formed during the Pleistocene. Together with neighbouring San Geronimo volcano it lies on a left-trending strike-slip fault,[13] the El Toro fault.[14] Nearby faults include the Incachule fault to the south and the Chorrillos fault to the north, which actually crosses the Negro de Chorrillos centre.[15] Both faults are part of the Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault.[10] An onset of crustal tension probably facilitated the ascent of magma.[7]

Negro de Chorrillos like San Geronimo has erupted basaltic trachyandesite to trachyandesite,[16] both shoshonite magmas.[14] The eruption that gave rise to Negro de Chorrillos took place in several stages that produced magmas of different composition.[9] They formed over the volcanic back-arc of the Peru-Chile Trench; low percentage melts that were contaminated with lithospheric material formed these two centres.[17]

Eruption dates from the volcano are contradictory; radiometric dates range from 200,000 ± 150,000 years ago,[12] 450,000 years ago,[13] 200,000 ± 80,000 years ago[10] and - the most recent dating effort - 51,000 ± 2,000 years ago according to potassium-argon dating.[18] Lava flows from Negro de Chorrillos were later cut by fault offset.[19]

References

  1. ↑ Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 3.
  2. ↑ Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 1.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 2.
  4. ↑ Giordano et al. 2013, p. 77.
  5. ↑ Petrinovic et al. 2006, p. 241.
  6. ↑ Giordano et al. 2013, p. 79.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Petrinovic et al. 2006, p. 244.
  8. ↑ Giordano et al. 2013, p. 83.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 4.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Kay, Coira & Mpodozis 2008, p. 138.
  11. ↑ Schreiber, U.; Schwab, K. (1991). "Geochemistry of quaternary shoshonitic lavas related to the Calama-Olacapato-El Toro Lineament, NW Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences 4 (1–2): 74. doi:10.1016/0895-9811(91)90019-h. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Seggiaro, Raúl Eudocio; Guzman, Silvina; Pereyra, Ricardo; Coppolecchia, Mariana; Cegarra, Marcelo (2016-12-30). "NEOTECTÓNICA Y VOLCANISMO MONOGENÉTICO CUATERNARIO SOBRE EL SEGMENTO CENTRAL DEL LINEAMIENTO CALAMA OLACAPATO TORO (COT)" (in es). Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 73 (4): 475. ISSN 1851-8249. http://ppct.caicyt.gov.ar/index.php/raga/article/view/7775. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Giordano et al. 2013, p. 78.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kay, Coira & Mpodozis 2008, p. 433.
  15. ↑ Kay, Coira & Mpodozis 2008, p. 137.
  16. ↑ Petrinovic et al. 2006, p. 245.
  17. ↑ Kay, Coira & Mpodozis 2008, p. 135.
  18. ↑ Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 12.
  19. ↑ Lanza, F.; Tibaldi, A.; Bonali, F. L.; Corazzato, C. (2013-05-08). "Space–time variations of stresses in the Miocene–Quaternary along the Calama–Olacapato–El Toro Fault Zone, Central Andes". Tectonophysics 593: 33–56. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.029. 

Sources

  • Fernandez-Turiel, J.L.; Saavedra, J.; Perez-Torrado, F.J.; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, A.; Rejas, M.; Guillou, H.; Aulinas, M. (August 2021). "New ages, morphometric and geochemical data on recent shoshonitic volcanism of the Puna, Central Volcanic Zone of Andes: San Jerónimo and Negro de Chorrillos volcanoes" (in en). Journal of South American Earth Sciences 109: 103270. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103270. ISSN 0895-9811. 
  • Giordano, Guido; Pinton, Annamaria; Cianfarra, Paola; Baez, Walter; Chiodi, Agostina; Viramonte, José; Norini, Gianluca; Groppelli, Gianluca (2013-01-01). "Structural control on geothermal circulation in the Cerro Tuzgle–Tocomar geothermal volcanic area (Puna plateau, Argentina)". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 249: 77–94. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.009. 
  • Kay, Suzanne Mahlburg; Coira, Beatriz; Mpodozis, Constantino (2008-01-01). Field trip guide: Neogene evolution of the central Andean Puna plateau and southern Central Volcanic Zone. 13. 117–181. doi:10.1130/2008.0013(05). ISBN 978-0-8137-0013-7. 
  • Petrinovic, I. A.; Riller, U.; Brod, J. A.; Alvarado, G.; Arnosio, M. (2006-04-15). "Bimodal volcanism in a tectonic transfer zone: Evidence for tectonically controlled magmatism in the southern Central Andes, NW Argentina". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 152 (3–4): 240–252. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.10.008. 



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