Earth:Qiupa Formation

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Qiupa Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
~72–66 Ma
Stratigraphic occurrence of Yubaatar - sediments.png
Characteristic red brownish siltstones of the Qiupa Formation
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofTantou Group
UnderliesGaoyugou Formation
OverliesShitaijie Formation
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone, siltstone
OtherSandstone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 33°54′N 111°48′E / 33.9°N 111.8°E / 33.9; 111.8
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 31°36′N 102°48′E / 31.6°N 102.8°E / 31.6; 102.8
RegionHenan Province
Country China
ExtentTantou Basin
Type section
Named forQiupa
Qiupa Formation is located in China
Qiupa Formation
Qiupa Formation (China)
Qiupa Formation is located in Henan
Qiupa Formation
Qiupa Formation (Henan)

The Qiupa Formation is a Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian geologic formation in Henan Province, central China . It is rich in dinosaur eggs and bones, such as those of carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs. The Qiupa Formation is considered to be Late Maastrichtian in age, about 72 million and 66 million years ago.[1][2][3]

Geology

The sedimentation is characterized for the presence of calcareous mudstone interbedded with thin fine conglomerates, brownish red thick-bedded siltstone and parallel and cross laminations. This sedimentation indicates habitats composed by large and shallow meanders with braided river deltas.[2][3]

Fossil content

The Qiupa Formation has yielded numerous dinosaur fossils, particularly eggs. The remains of various theropods such as troodontids, dromaeosaurids and oviraptorosaurs have been found. In addition, indeterminate remains of sauropods, ornithopods, ankylosaurs, lizards, turtles and a possible avian bone are reported.[4][2]

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the Qiupa Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Ankylosauridae indet. Indeterminate "A tooth, well-preserved dorsal vertebra, incomplete dorsal rib and ischium."[5] An ankylosaurid
Elongatoolithidae sp. Indeterminate "145 egg shells probably laid by oviraptorids."[6] Oviraptorid eggs
Luanchuanraptor L. henanensis "Teeth, a frontal and fragmented postcrania."[7] A dromaeosaurid Luanchuanraptor.jpg
Qiupalong Q. henanensis "Ilia, ischia, pubes and the right hindlimb."[8] An ornithomimid Qiupalong Restoration.png
Qiupanykus Q. zhangi "Vertebrae and hindlimbs."[3] An alvarezsaurid
"Tyrannosaurus" T. luanchuanensis "Five well preserved teeth."[9] A tyrannosaurid
Yulong Y. mini "Complete crania and much of the postcrania."[10][11] An oviraptorid Yulong jaw.png

Mammals

Mammals of the Qiupa Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Lotheridium L. mengi "Nearly complete skull with jaws."[12] A deltatheridiid
Yubaatar Y. zhongyuanensis "Virtually complete crania and fragmented poscrania."[13] A cimolodont Yubaatar skull.jpg

Squamates

Squamates of the Qiupa Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Funiusaurus F. luanchuanensis "Partial skull."[14] A polyglyphanodont
Tianyusaurus T. zhengi "Crania and shoulder girdle."[15] A polyglyphanodont Tianyusaurus.jpg

References

  1. ↑ Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province (1989). Regional Geology of Henan Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. pp. 1−772. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Jiang, X.-J.; Liu, Y.-Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, X.-L.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Yuan, C.-X. et al. (2011). "Dinosaur-bearing strata and K/T boundary in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin of western Henan Province, China". Science China Earth Sciences 54 (1149). doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4186-1. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lü, J. C.; Xu, L.; Chang, H. L.; Jia, S. H.; Zhang, J. M.; Gao, D. S.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Zhang, C. J. et al. (2018). "A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, Henan Province, central China". China Geology 1: 28–35. doi:10.31035/cg2018005. 
  4. ↑ Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.; Lee, Y.-N.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X. (2008). "A new basal ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous in Henan Province of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (supp. 3): 101A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459. http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/12900/1/Gongbusaurus.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Hu, W.-Y.; Li, J.-H.; Zhang, J.-M. (2010). "Discovery and significance of ankylosaur specimens from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Luanchuan, Henan, China". Geological Bulletin of China 29 (4): 483–487. 
  6. ↑ Tanaka, K.; Lü, J.-C.; Kobayashi, Y.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.; Qin, S.; Tang, M. (2011). "Description and Phylogenetic Position of Dinosaur Eggshells from the Luanchuan Area of Western Henan Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 85 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00379.x. 
  7. ↑ Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.-L.; Ji, Q.; Jia, S.-H.; Hu, W.-Y.; Zhang, J.-M.; Wu, Y.-H. (2007). "New dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan area, western Henan, China". Geological Bulletin of China 26 (7): 777–786. 
  8. ↑ Xu, L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.-C.; Lee, Y. N.; Liu, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Zhang, X.; Jia, S. et al. (2011). "A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China". Cretaceous Research 32 (2): 213–222. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004. 
  9. ↑ Dong, Z. (1979). "Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China" (in Chinese). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China. Beijing: Science Press. pp. 342–350.  Translated paper
  10. ↑ Lü, J.-C.; Currie, P. J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S. (2013). "Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications". Naturwissenschaften 100 (2): 165–175. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0. PMID 23314810. Bibcode: 2013NW....100..165L. 
  11. ↑ Wei, X.; Kundrát, M.; Xu, L.; Ma, W.; Wu, Y.; Chang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, X. (2022). "A new subadult specimen of oviraptorid Yulong mini (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, central China". Cretaceous Research 138 (105261). doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105261. 
  12. ↑ Bi, S.; Jin, X.; Li, S.; Du, T. (2015). "A new Cretaceous Metatherian mammal from Henan, China". PeerJ 3: e896. doi:10.7717/peerj.896. PMID 25893149. 
  13. ↑ Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Lü, J.-C.; Meng, J. (2015). "Largest known Mesozoic multituberculate from Eurasia and implications for multituberculate evolution and biology". Scientific Reports 5 (1495). doi:10.1038/srep14950. PMID 26492455. 
  14. ↑ Xu, L.; Lü, J.-C.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Pu, H.; Zhang, X. (2014). "A New Lizard (Lepidosauria: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan, China". Acta Geologica Sinica 88 (4): 1041–1050. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12271. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265912600. 
  15. ↑ Lü, J.-C.; Ji, S.; Dong, Z.; Wu, X.-C. (2008). "An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade". Naturwissenschaften 95: 663–669. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1. PMID 18338150. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5514468. 



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