Earth:Stanley Shale

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Stanley Shale
Stratigraphic range: Mississippian
TypeFormation
Unit ofnone
Sub-unitsHatton Tuff Lentil (AR/OK), Hot Springs Sandstone (AR) Member,[1] Chickasaw Creek Shale Formation (OK), Moyers Formation (OK), Tenmile Creek Formation(OK)[2]
UnderliesJackfork Sandstone
OverliesArkansas Novaculite
Thickness3,500 to 10,000+ feet[1]
Lithology
PrimaryShale
Location
RegionArkansas, Oklahoma
CountryUnited States
Type section
Named forStanley, Pushmataha County, Oklahoma
Named byJoseph A. Taff[3]

The Stanley Shale, or Stanley Group, is a Mississippian stratigraphic unit in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma. First described in Arkansas in 1892,[4] this unit was not named until 1902 by J.A. Taff in his study of the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma.[3] Taff assigned the town of Stanley in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma as the type locality, but did not designate a stratotype. After introduction into Arkansas in 1909 by Albert Homer Purdue,[5] the unit was redefined in 1918, when the formation known as the Fork Mountain Slate was abandoned and partially combined into the Stanley Shale.[6] As of 2017, a reference section for the Stanley Shale has yet to be designated.

The Stanley Shale is recognized as a geologic formation with two sub-units in Arkansas, the Hatton Tuff Lentil and the Hot Springs Sandstone Member,[1] however, several others have been proposed. These include the Chickasaw Creek Member,[7] Chickasaw Creek Tuff,[8] Gap Ridge Sandstone Member,[9] Moyers Member,[7] Parker Hill Sandstone Member,[9] Polk County Ash Bed,[10] and Tenmile Creek Member.[7] In 1963, it was first proposed to raise the rank of the Stanley Shale Formation to Group status in Arkansas,[11] with proposed sub-units consisting of the Chickasaw Creek Formation, Moyers Formation (with the Gap Ridge Sandstone and Parker Hill Sandstone Members), and Ten Mile Creek Formation.[12] However, the proposal was not accepted and the unit remained as a formation.

In Oklahoma, this unit is recognized as a group called the Stanley Group composed of three formations: the Chickasaw Creek Shale Formation, the Moyers Formation, and the Tenmile Creek Formation. The Hatton Tuff Lentil, recognized in Arkansas, is also in Oklahoma as a unit of the Tenmile Creek Formation. Several informal members have been noted including the Smithville chert lentil, the Faith chert member, and the Chickasaw Creek tuff among others [2]

Mining in the Stanley Shale is limited to cinnabar, barite, and quartz. Cinnabar is primarily used for mercury, however, production in Arkansas essentially ended by the mid-20th century. Barite mining, mostly useful for oil and gas drilling fluid, is ongoing.[13]

Paleoflora

  • Adiantites
A. stanleyanus[14]
  • Alloiopteris
A. arkansana[14]
  • Aphlebia[14]
  • Archaeocalamites
A. coralloides[14]
A. stanleyensis[14]
C. menae[14]
C. miseri[14]
L. subclypeatum[14]
  • Lepidostrobus
L. peniculus[14]
N. elrodi[14]
  • Palmatopteris
P. subgeniculata[14]
  • Rhabdocarpos
R. secalicus[14]
R. goepperti[14]
S. arkansanum[14]
  • Sphenopteridium
S. dawsoni[14]
T. gillhami[14]
T. vallisjohanni[14]
W. suspecta[14]

See also

  • List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
  • Paleontology in Arkansas

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McFarland, John David (2004). "Stratigraphic summary of Arkansas". Arkansas Geological Commission Information Circular 36: 22. http://geology.ar.gov/pdf/IC-36_v.pdf. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Suneson, Neil (2016). "Stratigraphic nomenclature of the Ouachita Mountains in Oklahoma: formal, informal, obsolete, and incorrect or the good, the bad, and the ugly". Oklahoma Geology Notes 75: 5–35. http://ogs.ou.edu/docs/geologynotes/GN-V75N1.pdf. Retrieved 6 June 2018. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Taff, Joseph A., p. 4 , Wikidata Q63225784
  4. ↑ Griswold, L.S. (1892). "Whetstones and the novaculites". Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Arkansas for 1890 3. http://geology.ar.gov/pdf/Ann-rpt-1890-Vol3.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Purdue, A.H. (1909). Slates of Arkansas. Geological Survey of Arkansas. http://geology.ar.gov/pdf/Ark-1909-The-Slates-Of-Ark.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Miser, Hugh D. , Wikidata Q61463723
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Cohee, G.V.; Wright, W.B. (1976). "Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1975". U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1422-A. https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1422a/report.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Mose, Douglas G. , Wikidata Q66258936
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Stearn, N.H. (1935). "Quicksilver deposits near Little Missouri River, discussion". Transactions of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers 115: 244–246. 
  10. ↑ Williams, J.F. (1891). "The igneous rocks of Arkansas". Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Arkansas for 1890 2. 
  11. ↑ Seely, D.R. (1963). "Structure and stratigraphy of the Rich Mountain area, Oklahoma and Arkansas". Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 101. http://ogs.ou.edu/docs/bulletins/B101.pdf. 
  12. ↑ Walthall, B.H. (1967). "Stratigraphy and structure, part of Athens Plateau, southern Ouachitas, Arkansas". American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 51 (4): 504–528. doi:10.1306/5d25c0a1-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d. 
  13. ↑ Rains, Daniel S.; Hanson, William D. (2017). "Geologic report of Pike County". Arkansas Geological Survey County Geologic Report 62: 28. http://geology.ar.gov/pdf/CGR-62_Geologic_Report_Pike_County.pdf. Retrieved 26 May 2018. 
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.20 White, David , Wikidata Q61049457




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