Earth:Turgai Sea
The Turgai Sea, also known as the Turgay Sea, Turgai Strait, Obik Sea, Ural Sea[1] or West Siberian Sea, was a large shallow body of salt water (an epicontinental or epeiric sea) during the Mesozoic through Cenozoic Eras. It extended north of the present-day Caspian Sea to the "paleo-Arctic" region, and was in existence from the Middle Jurassic to Oligocene, approximately 160 to 29 million years ago.[2]
The Turgai Sea was not absolutely continuous throughout this entire era, though it was a persistent and predominating feature in its region; it "fragmented southern Europe and southwestern Asia into many large islands, and separated Europe from Asia."[3]
The division of the Eurasian landmass by the Turgai Sea had the effect of isolating animal populations.[4] One of the better known groups are the ceratopsian dinosaurs during the Cretaceous Period, which were restricted to Asia and western North America that were connected for much of the era.[5] The existence of the Turgai Sea also restricted various freshwater fish and amphibians.
The Turgai Sea derives its name from the Turgay Basin of modern-day Kazakhstan, where a stretch of the Turgai River flows.[6]
See also
- Earth:Rheic Ocean – Ancient ocean which separated two major palaeocontinents, Gondwana and Laurussia
- Earth:Sundance Sea – Inland sea that existed in North America during the mid-to-late Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era
- Earth:Tethys Ocean – Prehistoric ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia
References
- ↑ Allaby, Michael (2020) (in en). A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences (5 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198839033.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-883903-3. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198839033.001.0001/acref-9780198839033.
- ↑ Briggs, John C. Global Biogeography. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, 1995; pp. 71, 76, 84, 88, and ff.
- ↑ Duellman, William Edward. Biology of Amphibians. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994; p. 480.
- ↑ Duellman, William E. (1986). Biology of Amphibians. JHU Press. p. 479. ISBN 9780801847806. "Otherwise, most, if not all, continental masses were united into a single land mass — Pangaea. ... (M) Leiopelmatidae (L) Discoglossidae (U) Palaeobatrachidae (U) Cretaceous, 135 m.y. Turgai Sea separated east and west Eurasia"
- ↑ Culver, Stephen J., and Peter Franklin Rawson. Biotic Response to Global Change: The Last 145 Million Years. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000; p. 319.
- ↑ Tectonic units and division of the South Turgay Basin.
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