Engineering:120×570mm NATO

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Short description: Calibre of tank ammunition
120×570mm NATO tank ammunition
IMI120shells.jpg
120×570mm ammunition manufactured by IMI.
TypeTank gun ammunition
Place of originFederal Republic of Germany
Service history
In service1979–present
Used byWestern Bloc and others
Production history
Designedearly 1970s
Specifications
Case typeRimmed, bottleneck
Bullet diameter120 mm (4.7 in)
Base diameter160 mm (6.3 in)
Rim diameter169 mm (6.7 in)
Case length570 mm (22 in)
Overall length984 mm (38.7 in)
Rifling twistnone
Primer typeelectric

120×570mm NATO tank ammunition (4.7 inch), also known as 120×570mmR, is a common, NATO-standard (STANAG 4385), tank gun semi-combustible cartridge used by 120mm smoothbore guns, superseding the earlier 105×617mmR cartridge used in NATO-standard rifled tank guns.

History

The 120×570 R cartridge was originally intended for the German Rh-120 smoothbore gun but an interoperability agreement signed between West Germany and France in April 1979, followed in September 1981 by a project to install the M256 120 mm smoothbore gun on future M1A1 Abrams tanks made it a NATO standard.[1][2]

Characteristics

The 120×570mm are one-piece ammunition with semi-combustible cartridge cases. These incorporate a short, metallic stub case with an elastomeric sealing ring which allows the use of a normal sliding wedge type of breech and at the same time significantly reduces the weight of the rounds. Thus, a round of 120 mm Rheinmetall APFSDS ammunition has a mass of 19.8 kg, which is little more than the 18 kg mass of a typical 105 mm APFSDS round with the traditional metallic cartridge case.[3]

Ammunition

Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS)

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

There are different ways to measure APFSDS penetration value. NATO uses the 50% (This means that 50% of the shell had to go through the plate), while the Soviet/Russian standard is higher (80% had to go through).

Designation Origin Designer & producer Year Cartridge length (mm) Sub-projectile length (mm) Penetrator dimension (⌀ mm × mm) L/D ratio (sub-projectile / penetrator only) Penetrator material & weight (kg) Sub-projectile weight with sabot / without sabot (kg) Weight, complete round (kg) Propellant type & weight Chamber pressure (MPa) Muzzle velocity (m/s) Velocity drop (m/s at m) Perforation at normal and oblique incidences Notes
DM13  Germany Rheinmetall 1979 888 mm 457.7 mm ⌀ 38-26 × 315 mm 8:1 Tungsten alloy 7.22 kg / 4.64 kg 18.7 kg 7.3 kg 510 MPa 1650 m/s[4] (L/44) 75 m/s (at 1000 m) NATO single heavy target at 68° at 2000 m
OFL 120 G1  France GIAT 1981 977 mm 541.5 mm ⌀ 26 mm × 380 mm 15:1 18 density DENAL DX 130 R tungsten alloy[5] 6.2 kg / 3.78 kg 18.75 kg[6] 7.45 kg of B19T 416 MPa 1630 m/s (1981)
1650 m/s (upgraded, 1987)
1780 m/s[lower-roman 1] (all L/52) 		60 m/s (at 1000 m) 420 mm at 1000 m,[7] defeat the NATO Single heavy target at 8000 m and the Triple heavy target at 7000 m or 8400 m Use the same penetrator as the OFL 105 F1 105 mm APFSDS in a larger sabot. Upgraded with Israeli-style steel fins instead of aluminium in 1987.[8]
DM23  Germany Rheinmetall 1982[9] 884 mm 457.7 mm ⌀ 32 × 360 mm 12:1 Tungsten alloy 7.2 kg / 4.3 kg or 4.6 kg 7.3 kg[9] 1640 m/s[10] or 1650 m/s[4] (L/44) 56 m/s (at 1000 m)

111 m/s (at 1000 m)

420 mm at 2000 m Produced under licence by Switzerland as Pfeil Pat 87
M829  USA Alliant Techsystems 1984 935 mm[11] 616 mm[12] ⌀ 27 × 460 mm 23:1 / 17:1 Depleted uranium alloy, 3.94 kg[13] 7.1 kg[14] / 4.27 kg 18.7 kg[11] 8.1 kg of JA-2 (double-base) 509 MPa 1670 m/s[15] (L/44) 62 m/s (at 1000 m)

123 m/s (at 2000 m)

525 mm[16] to 540 mm at 2000 m (LoS 60°)[17] Actual average diameter is around 24.2 mm, 27 mm is the maximum diameter of the buttress threads.
DM33  Germany Rheinmetall 1987 ⌀ 28[18] × 510 mm 20:1 / 19:1[18] Tungsten alloy 7.3 kg / 4.6 kg[19] 19 kg[19] 7.6 kg of 7-hole grain-type 515 MPa[20] 1650 m/s[4] (L/44) 75 m/s (at 1000 m)[18]
120 m/s (at 2000 m) 		480 mm at 2000 m Produced under licence by Japan as JM33 and by Switzerland as Pfeil Pat 90
M829A1  USA Alliant Techsystems 1988 984 mm[21] 778 mm ⌀ 21.6 × 680[22] mm 35:1 / 31:1 Depleted Uranium alloy, 4.64 kg[13] 8.165 kg / 4.88 kg 20.9 kg[21] 7.9 kg of JA-2 (double-base) 560 MPa (5,600 bar)[23] or 569 MPa (5,690 bar) 1575 m/s[23] (L/44) 69 m/s (at 1000 m)

135 m/s (at 2000 m)

650 mm[16] at 2000 m (LoS at 60°) Nicknamed the "silver bullet" by US tank crews in Operation Desert Storm.
KE-T  USA Alliant Techsystems 1988 983 mm[24] 658 mm Tungsten alloy 7.16 kg / 4 kg 18.7 kg[24] 8.1 kg of JA-2 (double-base) 510 MPa[23] 1690 m/s[24] Developed by Alliant Techsystems, NWM de Kruithoorn of the Netherlands for the penetrator and Chamberlain Manufacturing Company of the USA who provided the sabots, fins and projectile assembly facility.
M321  Israel Elbit Systems 1989 936 mm[25] Tungsten alloy[25] approx. 20 kg[25] approx. 8 kg of M26 (double-base)[26] 1650 m/s (L/44)[25] M321 penetrator was later re-used on the 105 mm M426 APFSDS in 1990.
M1080  Belgium MECAR early 1990s 995 mm 625 mm Tungsten alloy 7.2 kg / 25 kg[27] approx 8 kg 1675 m/s[27] >540 mm of RHA at 0°[28] Features an advanced-design tungsten penetrator. In 1995, the firm began development of an enhanced version of the M1080 which became available in 1999.[29]
M322  Israel Elbit Systems 1990s 984 mm[30] Tungsten alloy 8 kg / 5.6 kg[31] 20 kg[30] 8 kg of NC-NG (double-base)[30] 1705 m/s[30] (L/44) 130 m/s (at 2000 m) 658 mm at 70° at 2000 m[32] Produced under licence by Turkey as MOD 290.[32]
Also known as CL-3143 (Italy) and Slpprj 95[33] (Sweden) on the export market.
DM43A1  France and  Germany Giat Industries and Rheinmetall 1992 or 1996 978 mm ⌀ 26 × 600 mm 27:1 Tungsten alloy 7.2 kg / 4 kg 19.5kg or 20 kg 7.6 kg of L1 M (double-base) 550 MPa or 560 MPa[34] 1740 m/s[4] (L/44) 100 m/s (at 2000 m) 560 mm at 2000 m[35] French-German development, never adopted by the Bundeswehr and used in the French Army under the OFL 120 F1 designation.
OFL 120 F1  France and  Germany Giat Industries and Rheinmetall 1992 or 1994 984 mm ⌀ 26 × 600 mm 27:1 Tungsten alloy 7.3 kg / 4 kg 19.6 kg 8.3 kg 580 MPa 1790 m/s[36] (L/52) 100 m/s (at 2000 m) 560 mm at 2000 m[37] Feature the same penetrator as the DM43 but use a French propellant, later redesignated as 120 OFLE F1A. Late production, upgraded models are known under the 120 OFLE F1B and 120 OFLE F1B+ designations.
M829A2  USA General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems 1994 780 mm ⌀ 21.6 × 695 mm 35:1 / 32:1 Depleted Uranium alloy, 4.74 kg 7.9 kg[38] / 4.92 kg 8.7 kg of JA-2 (double-base) 565 MPa[38] or 580 MPa 1680 m/s[38] (L/44) 60 m/s (at 1000 m)
120 m/s (at 2000 m) 		Improvements over M829A1 include a stepped tip and use of a new lightweight composite Sabot, which allowed for increased muzzle velocity.
KE-W Terminator  USA Olin Defense System Groups (Primex Technologies)
General Dynamics Ordnanceand Tactical System (later) 		1996 980 mm[39] 778 mm[40] ⌀ 21.6 × 680 mm 35:1 / 31:1 C2 Tungsten alloy

4.32 kg or 4.37 kg

8.2 kg[40] / 4.6 kg 20.5 kg[39] 7.91 kg of JA-2 (double-base)[40] 496.6 MPa[40] 1585 m/s[40] (L/44) 60 m/s (at 1000 m) in excess of 600 mm[41] US Export version of M829A1, features a Tungsten alloy penetrator instead of depleted uranium.
K276  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 1996[42] 973 mm[43] 600 mm[43] 25:1 Tungsten alloy 7.35 kg[44] / 19.7 kg[43] K683 (triple-base)[43] 586 MPa[45] 1700 m/s[44] (L/44) >600 mm (LoS at 60° obliquity) at 2000 m[46][47] or 650 mm at 2000 m[48] Penetrators are manufactured by Cyclic Heat-Treatment and Double-Cycle Sintering process. This causes a phenomenon similar to the self-sharpening effect of the depleted uranium penetrator.[49][50]
OFL 120 F2  France Giat Industries 1996[51] 984 mm ⌀ 27 × 594 mm 22:1 (penetrator) Depleted Uranium alloy 7.78 kg / 4.5 kg 20.5 kg 8.1 kg 560 MPa 1740 m/s[51] (L/52) 640 mm at 2000 m[52] Has superior penetration performance compared to the OFL 120 F1.[53] 60 000 rounds were made from 1996 to 2000.[54]
12 cm Pz Kann Pfeil Pat 98 Lsp  Germany/  Switzerland Rheinmetall DeTec/RUAG Ammotec 1999 745 mm 26:1 WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy 19 kg 8.9 kg of L1 545 MPa[23] 1640 m/s (L/44) First iteration of the DM53 purchased by the Swiss Army. Fitted with a tracer.
DM53  Germany Rheinmetall 2001 745 mm ⌀ 26 × 685 mm[55][unreliable source?] 26:1 WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy 8.35 kg[23] / 5 kg 21.4 kg 8.9 kg of L1 (DM53)
8.45 kg of L15190 SCDB (DM53A1)[23] 		545 MPa[23] 1670 m/s (L/44)[4]
1720 m/s (L/55)[56] 		55 m/s (at 1000 m)
110 m/s (at 2000 m) 		Development in Germany continued after the Swiss purchase, the German DM53 round includes a minor geometric modification and the replacement of the tracer element with an incendiary cartridge to add behind-armour effect. The DM53A1 version differs from the DM53 by its SCDB propellant firstly introduced with the DM63.
KE-W A1  USA General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems 1999 or 2000 Tungsten alloy / 4 kg 8.4 kg of L1/M2400 (double-base) 580 MPa[23] 1740 m/s[23] (L/44) 100 m/s (at 2000 m) US export variant of the French-German DM43
M338  Israel Elbit Systems 984 mm Tungsten alloy 21 kg 8 kg of LOVA (double-base) 1680 m/s[30] (L/44) 3rd generation Israeli APFSDS
M829A3  USA Alliant Techsystems (ATK), Armtech Defense, Aerojet GenCorp and Northrop Grumman 2003 924 mm[57] Main Rod

⌀ 25 x 670 mm

Tip Section

⌀25 x 100 mm[58]

37:1 / 31:1 Depleted Uranium alloy Main Rod with Tungsten Alloy Tip Section[59] 10 kg[57] / 7.2 kg 8.1 kg[60] or 8.15 kg[57] of RPD-380 sticks 566 MPa 1555 m/s[57][60] (L/44) Features an improved penetrator using a special tip assembly to overcome newer types of heavy ERA.
KEW-A2  USA General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems 2003 780 mm ⌀ 21.6 × 695 mm 35:1 / 32:1 Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy 7.6 kg[38] 8.6 kg of JA-2 (double-base)[23] 580 MPa[23] 1700 m/s[23] (L/44) 660 mm at 2000 m Export version of the M829A2 round, it features a tungsten penetrator
DM63  Germany Rheinmetall 2005[61] 745 mm 26:1 WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy 8.35 kg[23] / 5 kg 21.4 kg 8.45 kg of L15190 SCDB[23] 545 MPa[23] 1650 m/s (L/44)
1720 m/s (L/55)[4] 		55 m/s (at 1000 m)
110 m/s (at 2000 m) 		Based on the DM53, it features a Temperature Independent Propulsion System (TIPS) utilizing the SCDB technology. Those modifications improve the accuracy through a wide operational temperatures ensuring safe operation extreme climate zones, and minimizing the erosion of the barrel. The DM63A1 is a 2014 version of the DM63 designed to be compatible with all 120 mm smoothbore guns without modifications.
K279  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 2008 998 mm[43] 761.6 mm[44] 27:1 Tungsten alloy 8.27 kg[44] / 5 kg 21.3 kg[43] 8.6 kg of L15190 (SCDB)[62][63] 1760 m/s[44] (L/55) 120 m/s (at 2000 m) >700 mm (LoS at 60° obliquity) at 2000 m[46][47] The penetrator is manufactured of a composite material consisting of tungsten, nickel, iron, and molybdenum.[49]
Type 10  Japan DAIKIN, CHUGOKU-KAYAKU 2010 ⌀ 24 mm × 630 mm 26:1 Tungsten alloy 7.8 kg / 4.2 kg 1780 m/s (L/44)[citation needed] A Japanese APFSDS round only dedicated to Type 10 MBT. Although this is a NATO-standard round, it can only be used with the Type 10 Cannon due to the increased load and resulting increased pressure when fired. [64]
120 OFLE F2  France Nexter 2013 Depleted uranium alloy Qualified in 2009, 3000 rounds ordered in 2010, 500 were to be delivered in 2013.[65]
KET  USA Orbital ATK before 2015 Tungsten alloy 9.67 kg 8.1 kg of RPD-380 or SCDB 1562 m/s[66] Not to be confused with the older KE-T from Alliant Techsystems, the KET features a lightweight composite sabot, consistent performance across full temperature range and improved defeat capability against heavy explosive reactive armor.
Pz-531  Poland WITU 2015 Tungsten alloy 6.6 kg / 8.2 kg 490 MPa 1650 m/s[67] (L/44) ≥500 mm at 2000 m[68] Features a segmented penetrator made of two rods.
K279 Improved  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 2016 998 mm[43] 761.6 mm[44] 27:1 Tungsten alloy 8.27 kg[44] / 5 kg 21.3 kg[43] 8.6 kg of 19-hole cylinder-type (SCDB)[69] 690 MPa[69] 1800 m/s[lower-roman 2][69] (L/55) 122 m/s (at 2000 m) Produced with a new SCDB propellant based on Solventless powder coated with polyester developed by Poongsan Corporation.[70][71][72]
M829A4  USA General Dynamics Ordnance & Tactical Systems and Alliant Techsystems 2016 depleted uranium alloy SCDB granules, 19-perforated stick of DEGN 1650 m/s[73] (L/44) The M829A4 subprojectile has comparable characteristics to its predecessor, the M829A3, in length, weight, and center of

gravity.[74] The visible difference between the two cartridges is the Ammunition Data Link (ADL) interface rings on the base of the M829A4.

AKE-T  USA 2021 Main rod

⌀ 25 x 670 mm

Tip section

⌀25 x >100 mm[58]

Tungsten alloy Main rod with a Steel Tip Section Consist of the in-service M829A4 and the new Advanced Kinetic Energy - Tungsten round replacing the A4's depleted uranium penetrator[75]
KE-W A4  USA/ Germany General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems and Rheinmetall c. 2022 Tungsten alloy temperature insensitive propellant Visually identical to the German DM63 120 mm APFSDS.
SHARD Mk. 1  France Nexter Munitions late 2022[76] 984 mm Plansee D10 tungsten alloy and another tungsten alloy 22 kg EURENCO low-erosion double base propellant 520 MPa 1720 m/s[77] (L/52) SHARD stands for Solution for Hardenered ARmour Defeat. It is said to have 20% performance increase over current APFSDS ammunition.
SHARD Mk. 2  France Nexter Munitions Plansee D10 tungsten alloy and another tungsten alloy >520 MPa >1720 m/s (L/52) The SHARD Mk. 2 will use a more energetic propellant than the double-base propellant featured on the Mk. 1.[78]
DM73  Germany Rheinmetall late 2023 760 mm ⌀ 26 × 685 mm[55][unreliable source?] 26:1 WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy 8.35 kg / 5 kg 21 kg SCDB 1780 m/s (L/55)[79] 55 m/s (at 1000 m)
110 m/s (at 2000 m) 		The DM73 reuse the same penetrator of the DM53 but achieves an 8%[80] uplift in performance regarding the combat range[81] through the use of a more powerful propellant. The DM73 requires the high-pressure L55A1 gun and cannot be used in either L44 and L55 gun systems.
KE2020Neo  Germany Rheinmetall serial production foreseen for 2025 tungsten alloy The KE2020Neo forecasted increase in performances should reach 20% compared to current APFSDS ammunition thanks to the use of a lighter sabot and a more energetic propellant, the latter is allowed by the raised chamber pressures of the improved Rh-120 L55A1 gun.[82]

High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Designation Origin Designer & producer Year Cartridge length (mm) Weight, complete round (kg) Projectile weight (kg) Explosive filling (kg) Propellant type & weight Muzzle velocity (m/s) Perforation at normal and oblique incidences Notes
DM12 MZ  Germany 23.2 kg 13.5 kg 1.62 kg 1140 m/s
DM12A1 MZ  Germany Rheinmetall DeTec 23.2 kg 14.1 kg 1.627.2 kg 5.57.2 kg 1140 m/s 480 mm or 220 mm at 60° at all ranges[83] DM12 fitted with a fragmentation sleeve. Produced under licence by the US as M830 with exception of the fuze and the explosive
Produced under licence by Japan as JM12A1
OCC 120 G1  France Nexter Munitions 1981 28.5 kg 14.2 kg 5.7 kg of B19T 1050 or 1080 m/s Defeat the Triple heavy NATO target significant anti-personnel effects
OECC 120 F1  France Nexter Munitions early 1990s 983 mm 24.3 kg 14.4 kg Comp-B Single-base 1100 m/s 450 mm[52] Defeat the Single heavy and Triple heavy NATO targets[84] improved anti-personnel effects over the OCC 120 G1
M830 HEAT-MP-T  USA General Dynamics 1985 981 mm 24.2 kg 13.5 kg 1.662 kg of Comp-B 5.4 or 5.5 kg of DIGL-RP (Double-base) 1140 m/s technology transfer from the German DM12A1 except for the M764 fuze, double safety, and propellant containment bag[85]
M830A1 HEAT-MP-T (a.k.a. MPAT)  USA Alliant Techsystems (ATK) 1994 981 mm 24.68 kg 11.4 kg Comp-B 7.1 kg of 19 Perf JA-2 (double-base) 1410 m/s 20% performance increase against bunkers and a 30% performance increase against light armored vehicles.[86] 80 mm sub-caliber warhead fitted with a multifunction fuzing system with airburst capability[86]
K277 HEAT-MP-T  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 1996 989 mm 24.5 kg 14.31 kg Comp-B K682 (Triple-base) 1130 m/s (L/44) 600 mm[48] 1st generation South Korean HEAT-MP-T developed for K1A1
K280 HEAT-MP-T  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 2008 998 mm 23 kg 11.38 kg 2.1 kg of Comp-B K684 (Double-base) 1400 m/s (L/55) 700 mm[87] It is a 2nd generation South Korean HEAT-MP-T developed for K2 Black Panther and has a built-in direction finding proximity fuze sensor used in the K236 40 mm MMFA (Multi-mode Fused Ammunition).[87]
M325 HEAT-MP-T  Israel Elbit Systems late 1980s 984 mm 25 kg 15 kg 1.8 kg of Comp-B 5.6 kg of M26 (double-base) or M30 (triple-base) 1078 m/s (L/44) Also known under the CL 3105 export designation.
MOD 292 HEAT-MP-T  Turkey MKE 933.5 mm 22 kg (L/44)
22.2 kg (L/55) 		NC-NG (Double-base) Modified based on MOD 290 (M322) APFSDS-T.
MOD 310 HEAT-MP-T  Turkey MKE 2018 984 mm 25 kg 1.76 kg of RDX CEP-2 (Double-base) 925 m/s 400 mm[88] Modified based on M325 HEAT-MP-T but fitted with a new multi-function fuze.

High Explosive (HE)

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Designation Origin Designer & producer Year Cartridge length (mm) Weight, complete round (kg) Projectile weight (kg) Propellant type & weight Muzzle velocity Explosive filling (kg) Fuzing Effects Notes
M908 HE-OR-T  USA General Dynamics-OTS 2003 983 mm 22.7 kg 11.4 kg 7.1 kg 19 Perf Hex JA-2 (Double-base) 1400 m/s 3.2 kg[89] Composition A3 Type II[90] Base detonating, delay fuze did as well as, if not better than, the 15.8 kg 165 mm HEP warhead at reducing obstacles[91] Converted M830A1 HEAT-MP-T with a steel nosecone and a delay fuze, used to destroy concrete obstacles.
IM HE-T  Norway Nammo 26.7 kg 15.9 kg 1030 m/s Dual-mode: Superquick and delay[92] Produced under license by GD-OTS Canada[93]
OE 120 F1  France Nexter 2005 25.5 kg 15.5 kg 1050 m/s PD fuze
DM11 HE temp  Germany Rheinmetall 2009 29 kg 19 kg 5.5 kg 950 m/s (L/44) or 1100 m/s (L/55) 2.17 kg HE with 600 tungsten balls[94] 3 modes: PD, PDwD and AB 80 m cone-shaped fragmentation pattern In service with the US Marine Corps under the Mk. 324 designation[95]
120 EXPL F1  France Nexter 2011 27 kg 16.8 kg 1000 m/s 3 kg HE-frag programmable
M339 HE-MP-T  Israel Elbit Systems 984 mm 27 kg 17 kg 4.5 kg of NC-NG (Double-base) 900 m/s 2.3 kg of CLX663 3 modes: PDD, PD and AB capable of penetrating 200 mm double reinforced concrete walls[96]
RH31 HE SQ  Germany Rheinmetall 2012 impact function with or without delay low-cost variant of the DM11, the cartridge can be fired with no need for modifying existing systems.[97]
Pz-511  Poland 2015 28.65 kg[98] 19 kg 5.7 kg 950 m/s 2.3 kg of TNT
120 mm HE M3M  France Nexter 2016 945 mm 28 kg 18 kg 1050 m/s LOVA (Double-base) 3 modes: SQ, AB and delay[99]
MOD 300 HE-T  Turkey MKE 2018 984 mm 27.5 kg CEP-2 (Double-base) 870 m/s (L/44) 4.24 kg of TNT MOD 305 Modified based on M339 HE-MP-T.
SLSGR 95 [31]  Sweden 1995 977 mm 25 kg 17.5 kg 3.4 kg M-30 736 m/s 2.7 kg

Composition B

ÖFHKSAR M/95 Rebuilt 120mm mortar round
M1147 AMP  USA Northrop Grumman still in development approx. 2.3 kg of PAX-3[100] with embedded tungsten fragments

Close Combat

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Designation Type Origin Designer & producer Year Weight, complete round (kg) Projectile weight (kg) Propellant type & weight Muzzle velocity Filling Fuzing Effects Notes
M1028 canister  USA General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems 22.9 kg 15.9 kg 1410 m/s 1100 tungsten balls no 500 m effective range Produced under license by Nexter as OEFC 120 F1 and Nammo as 120 mm IM Canister.
M337 STUN less-than-lethal ammunition  Israel Elbit Systems 13.5 kg 3.5 kg 6 kg of M30 (Triple-base) plastic flakes no creates a flash, bang and blast effect and also disperses plastic flakes in the vicinity of the tank[96]

Guided munition

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Designation Type Guidance Origin Designer & producer Year Weight, complete round (kg) Weight (kg) Warhead Muzzle velocity Cruise speed Maximum range Effects Notes
LAHAT GLATGM semi-active laser-guided  Israel IAI 1992-1999 16 kg 13 kg tandem HEAT 300 m/s 280 m/s 6000 m (8000 m in indirect fire) not in service
XM943 STAFF beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition inertial + millimeter wave radar  USA Alliant Techsystems 1990-1998 downward-firing EFP program was terminated in FY 98 with final close-out in FY00
POLYNEGE beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition Fire-and-forget  France Nexter Systems early 2000s 28 kg 20 kg hollow charge / downward-firing EFP 600 to 700 m/s up to 8000 m not in service
KSTAM-I beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition Terminal guidance  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 2004 tandem HEAT 750 m/s from 2500 m to 5000 m not in service
KSTAM-II beyond line of sight, top-attack smart munition Fire-and-forget  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 2005 21.5 kg 9.03 kg downward-firing EFP from 2000 m to 8000 m Developed for the K2 Black Panther's CN08 120 mm gun
Falarick GLATGM semi-automatic by laser beam  Belgium and  Ukraine CMI Defence and Luch 2013 28 kg tandem HEAT 300 m/s beyond 5000 m 700 mm RHA behind ERA spin-off version of the Konus GLATGM, proposed on the export market
TANOK beyond line of sight, smart munition semi-active laser seeker  Turkey Roketsan 2019 (design)[101] 11 kg tandem HEAT from 1000 m to 6000 m It features two attack modes : direct and top attack. Use a "soft launch" engine.

Target Practice Tracer (TP-T)

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Designation Type Origin Designer & producer Year Weight, complete round (kg) Length, complete round (mm) Propellant type & weight Muzzle velocity Filling Fuzing Notes
M865 TPCSDS-T  USA General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems 2002 17.2 kg 881 mm M14 1700 m/s
K282 TP-T (HEAT)  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 2004 24.5 kg 989 mm K682 (Triple-base) 1130 m/s (L/44) K611 (Electric) Developed based on K277 HEAT-MP-T.
K287 TP-T (HEAT)  South Korea Poongsan Corporation 2013 22.9 kg 980 mm KM30 (Double-base) 1130 m/s (L/44) Fe Powder Sintered K604 (Electric) Designed to minimize accidental damage caused by Ricochet.
DM38 TPCSDS-T  Germany Rheinmetall 1690 m/s
DM48 TPCSDS-T  Germany Rheinmetall 17.5 kg
M324 TPCSDS-T  Israel Elbit Systems 18.3 kg 7.8 kg of M26 (Double-base) 1730 m/s (L/44) Steel M45112 (Electric) Produced under licence by Turkey as MOD 291[102]
M340 TP-T (HE-MP)  Israel Elbit Systems 27 kg 4.5 kg 900 m/s (L/44) Inert
M326 TP-T (HEAT)  Israel Elbit Systems 27 kg 5.6 kg of M30/M26 1078 m/s (L/44) Inert
120 mm IM TP-T TP-T  Norway Nammo 26.7 kg 1030 m/s Qualified in Leopard 2 and M1. The round is in service in several countries.
120 mm KE-TP KE-TP  Norway Nammo 18.3 kg 1700 m/s Qualified in Leopard 2 and M1. The round is in service in several countries.
PZ-521 HE-TP  Poland Mesko 19 kg 980 mm L-2 950 m/s 488g Gunpowder C-88 Qualified in Leopard 2. The round is in service in Poland. Self-detonation after 4–5 km.[103]
PZ-541 APFSDS-T-TP  Poland Mesko 4.8 kg 980 mm 1715 m/s Qualified in Leopard 2. The round is in service in Poland. 1.9 kg penetrator with a diameter of ⌀68mm[104]
MOD 301 TP-T (HE)  Turkey MKE 27.5 kg 984 mm CEP-2 (Double-base) 870 m/s 4.2 kg of Sorel cement MOD 305 Developed based on MOD 300 HE-T.

Weapon platforms

  • Rh-120 L44 ( Germany), used on the Leopard 2 and Type 90 MBTs
    • Rh-120 L55 ( Germany), used on later Leopard 2 variants including the Leopard 2E
    • Rh-120 L55A1 ( Germany), foreseen for the Challenger 3
  • M256 ( United States), used on the M1 Abrams and M60-2000
    • M256E1 ( United States)
  • XM360 ( United States)
    • XM360E1 ( United States)
  • CN120-25 ( France), used on the AMX-32, AMX-40, and EE-T1 Osório
  • CN120-26 ( France), used on the Leclerc
  • 120 FER ( France), tested on the VEXTRA POLE prototype
  • MG251 ( Israel), used on the Merkava III
  • MG251-LR ( Israel) used on the Merkava IV
  • MG253 ( Israel) used on the M60 Sabra
  • OTO Melara-Breda 120/44 ( Italy), used on the C1 Ariete
  • GT-9 ( South Africa)
  • CTG (  Switzerland), used on the CV90120 and WPB Anders
  • KM256 ( South Korea), used on the K1A1
  • CN03 ( South Korea), used on the K1A2
  • CN08 ( South Korea), used on the K2 Black Panther
  • MKE 120 mm tank gun ( Turkey), used on the Altay (main battle tank)
  • Type 10 ( Japan), used on the Type 10
  • 120HP ( Belgium), used on the proposed K21-120 light tank

See also

  • 105×617mm tank gun ammunition
  • 125 mm smoothbore ammunition used by Russia, China and Eastern Bloc

Notes

  1. ↑ According to the markings (v0 1780) written on the cartridge of an OFL 120 G1 displayed at the Saumur Armored Museum.
  2. ↑ When the round reaches the end of the barrel, the muzzle velocity is 1,794.7 m/s.

References

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  2. ↑ "NATO - STANAG 4385 120mm x 570 Ammunition for Smooth Bore Tank Guns". North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). https://standards.globalspec.com/std/427296/STANAG%204385. 
  3. ↑ Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1 April 1991). Technology of Tanks (Jane's Information Group ed.). London. p. 76. ISBN 978-0710605955. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Kotsch, Stefan. "Munition der deutschen 120 mm Panzerkanone Rheinmetall". Main Battle Tanks in Details. http://www.kotsch88.de/m_120_mm.htm. 
  5. ↑ International Defense Review. 21. 1988. p. 1216. 
  6. ↑ Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 90. ISBN 978-0710610799. 
  7. ↑ Hilmes, Rolf (1988). Kampfpanzer - Die Entwicklungen der Nachkriegszeit. Frankfurt am Main Bonn: Report Verlag GmbH. p. 38. 
  8. ↑ "Satory XI - collaborative programs show through". International Defense Review 20 (9): 1244. 1987. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Foss, Christopher; Cullen, Tony (September 1988). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Systems 1988-89. Jane's Information Group. p. 88. ISBN 978-0710608642. 
  10. ↑ Kotsch, Stefan. "Schusstafel der 120 mm Kanone". https://www.kotsch88.de/tafeln/st_120mm-ke.htm. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Foss, Christopher; Cullen, Tony (September 1988). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Systems 1988-89. Jane's Information Group. p. 137. ISBN 978-0710608642. 
  12. ↑ "M829 Data". https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-120mm-apfsds-t_-m82.html. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Fahey, Dan. "Science or Science Fiction? Facts, Myths and Propaganda In the Debate Over Depleted Uranium Weapons". http://www.wise-uranium.org/pdf/dumyths.pdf. 
  14. ↑ Department of the Army, Technical Bulletin (1986). TB 9-2350-320-14 Operator/Maintenance Information on Cartridge 120mm M829, M830, M831, and M865. https://books.google.com/books?id=WSAuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA14. Retrieved 24 December 2021. 
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  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Foss, Christopher (June 1993). Jane's Armoured Fighting Vehicle Retrofit Systems 1993-94. Jane's Information Group. p. 159. ISBN 978-0710610799. 
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  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 "120 mm M321 APFSDS-T Tank Cartridge characteristics". http://www.imisystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/120mm-M321-1.pdf. 
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  42. ↑ "한국형 120mm K-1 성능개량전차 첫 선". The Chosun Ilbo. 3 April 1996. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220928064735/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/1996/04/03/1996040370604.html. Retrieved 28 September 2022. 
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  85. ↑ "120mm M830 High Explosive Anti-Tank-Multi Purpose - Tracer (HEAT-MP-T)". Federation of American Scientists (FAS). https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m830a1.htm. 
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  90. ↑ "US Cartridge, 120mm HE-OR-T, M908". Bulletpicker. https://bulletpicker.com/cartridge_-120mm-he-or-t_-m908.html. 
  91. ↑ "M908 HE-OR-T [High Explosive Obstacle Reduction Tank"]. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/m908.htm. 
  92. ↑ "120 mm IM HE-T". https://www.nammo.com/product/our-products/ammunition/large-caliber-ammunition/120-mm-series/120-mm-im-he-t/. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  93. ↑ "High Explosive IM HE-T & Trainer IM HE-TP". https://www.gd-otscanada.com/product/120mm-tank-ammunition/. 
  94. ↑ "Correct shell for the right purpose". https://www.kaskus.co.id/thread/5475c16bdc06bd4d5d8b4571/correct-shell-for-the-right-purpose/. 
  95. ↑ "Rheinmetall 120mm DM 11 and RH31 tank ammunition: enhanced firepower for modern combat operations". https://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/media/editor_media/rm_defence/publicrelations/pressemitteilungen/2015/idex_press_kit/2015-02-22_Rheinmetall_IDEX_DM11.pdf. 
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 "Elbit Systems Land Tank Ammunition Portfolio". Elbit Systems. https://elbitsystems.com/media/Catalog-Tanks_15_Web.pdf. 
  97. ↑ "Eurosatory 2012 - New 120mm tank ammunition from Rheinmetall: enhanced firepower for modern combat operations". worldwide-defence. http://rpdefense.over-blog.com/article-eurosatory-2012-new-120mm-tank-ammunition-from-rheinmetall-enhanced-firepower-for-modern-combat-o-106994498.html. 
  98. ↑ Kuśnierz, Tadeusz. "Amunicja Z Pociskami Odłamkowo-Burzącymi Do Czołów Leopard 2A4 Eksploatowanych W Wojsku Polskim". https://www.witu.mil.pl/www/biuletyn/ptu_2012/122/29.pdf. 
  99. ↑ "120mm HE M3M 120mm Ammunition for NATO Guns". https://www.armscom.net/products/120mm_he_m3m_120mm_ammunition_for_nato_guns. 
  100. ↑ "Isostatic Pressing of PAX-3 High Explosive". U.S. ARMY COMBAT CAPABILITIES DEVELOPMENT COMMAND – ARMAMENTS CENTER. https://imemg.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/22228-4x3-Presentation-Isostatic-Pressing-of-PAX-3-High-Explosive.pdf. 
  101. ↑ Valpolini, Paolo. "IDEF 19: Roketsan unveils the future Altay 120 mm laser guided ammunition". https://www.edrmagazine.eu/idef-19-roketsan-unveils-the-future-altay-120-mm-laser-guided-ammunition. 
  102. ↑ "120 mm MKE MOD 291 TPCSDS-T". MKE. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220627193648/https://www.mkeusa.com/en-US/catalogue/medium-and-large-calibers/120-mm-mke-mod-291-tpcsds-t/64/2165. Retrieved 27 June 2022. 
  103. ↑ Kuśnierz, Tadeusz. "Amunicja z pociskami odłamkowo-burzącymi do czołgów Leopard 2A eksploatowanych w Wojsku Polskim". Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia. p. 54. https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-PWAA-0036-0024/c/httpwww_witu_mil_plwwwbiuletynzeszyty20120121p51.pdf. Retrieved 30 May 2022. 
  104. ↑ Pankowski, Zygmunt. "Balistyka pocisków ćwiczebnych ze stabilizatorem stożkowym do armat czołgowych" (PDF). Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia. https://docplayer.pl/142650294-The-external-ballistics-of-flare-stabilized-training-projectiles-for-tank-gun.html. Retrieved 30 May 2022. 



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