Engineering:9×21mm

Short description: Israeli pistol cartridge

9×21mm
9×21mm (left) and parent 9×19mm Parabellum (right) cartridges
Type	Pistol
Place of origin	Italy Israel
Production history
Designer	Franco Benvenuti Agency (Italy) and Israel Military Industries (IMI)
Produced	1980–present
Specifications
Parent case	9×19mm Parabellum
Case type	Rimless, straight
Bullet diameter	9.03 mm (0.356 in)
Neck diameter	9.63 mm (0.379 in)
Base diameter	9.93 mm (0.391 in)
Rim diameter	9.96 mm (0.392 in)
Rim thickness	1.27 mm (0.050 in)
Case length	21.15 mm (0.833 in)
Overall length	29.75 mm (1.171 in)
Case capacity	1.01 cm3 (15.6 gr H2O)
Rifling twist	254 mm (1 in 10 in)
Primer type	Small pistol
Maximum pressure	235.00 MPa (34,084 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy 7.45 g (115 gr) FMJ 390 m/s (1,300 ft/s) 570 J (420 ft⋅lbf) 8.00 g (123 gr) FMJ 360 m/s (1,200 ft/s) 518 J (382 ft⋅lbf)
Source(s): C.I.P.

The 9×21mm pistol cartridge (also known as the 9×21mm GP, 9×21mm IMI, 9mm IMI, 9x21mm Italian, or 9mm Italian) was designed by Jager (Loano, Italy), then adopted and commercialised by Israel Military Industries for those jurisdictions where military service cartridges, like the 9×19mm Parabellum, are or were illegal for civilian purchase (i.e. Italy, France, Brazil, and Mexico).

History

Based on the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, the case was lengthened from 19.05 to 21.15 mm (0.750 to 0.833 in). The bullet sits slightly deeper in the case, which results in almost the same overall length as the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge (29.69 to 29.75 mm (1.169 to 1.171 in)).

The cartridge was designed by Erasmus Giordano & Armando Piscetta to be used for civil purposes with large pistols (also those designed for .45 ACP). It was named "9 mm GP". The users were not enthusiastic at the very beginning for several reasons, such as the fact that barrels had to be modified.

During the 1980s, Israel Military Industries (IMI) started to use 9×21mm and received permission to import the UZI Defender (also called Micro Uzi) into Italy chambered for 9×21 IMI. It was the first official commercial launch for the 9×21mm. From that period on several companies in Italy started to sell 9×21mm pistols and ammunition. In just a few decades, the 9×21mm GP or 9×21 IMI became roughly 80% of the civilian small arms market in Italy.

Competition use

As it is a rimless round, the 9×21mm is used in USPSA/IPSC competition in open class firearms. A rimless case is preferred because, unlike semi-rimmed or rimmed cartridges, it will not tend to lock together with other rounds in a double-column magazine, resulting in a malfunction. As other .38 Super–based rimless cartridges became available, the 9×21mm decreased in popularity in the United States for competition use, but it is still widely used in many other parts of the world.

Synonyms

• 9×21mm IMI
• 9 mm IMI
• 9mm Italiano
• Winchester 9×21mm WIN [124-gr. bullet]

Cartridge dimensions

The 9×21mm has 1.01 ml (15.5 grains H₂O) cartridge case capacity.

9×21mm maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions All sizes in millimeters (mm).

The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 254 mm (1 in 10 in), 4 grooves, Ø lands = 8.79 mm, Ø grooves = 9.03 mm, land width = 3.80 mm and the primer type is small pistol.

According to the official C.I.P. (Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives) guidelines, the 9×21mm case can handle up to 235 MPa (34,100 psi) piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every pistol cartridge combo has to be proofed at 130% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.

See also

• 9 mm caliber
• List of handgun cartridges
• List of cartridges by caliber

Further reading

• "Cartuccia 9x21 GP - 9x21 Jager - 9x21 IMI" (in it). https://www.italianshooters.org/content/cartuccia-9x21-gp-9x21-jager-9x21-imi.