Engineering:AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma

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RQ-20 Puma
U S Marine Corps RQ-20 Puma 4-M-DE476-005 JPEG.jpg
AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma
Role Remote controlled UAS
Manufacturer AeroVironment
First flight 2007
Introduction 2008[1]
Primary users United States Army
United States Marine Corps
United States Air Force
Number built + 1,000[2]

The AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma is an American unmanned aircraft system which is small, battery powered, and hand-launched. Its primary mission is surveillance and intelligence gathering using an electro-optical and infrared camera. It is produced by AeroVironment.

Configuration

Each military RQ-20A system has three air vehicles and two ground stations.[3] The Puma AE can operate under extreme weather conditions including temperatures ranging from −20 to 120 °F (−29 to 49 °C), wind speeds up to 25 knots (29 mph; 46 km/h), and an inch of rain per hour (2.54 cm/h).[4] It had a reported top speed of 45 miles per hour, a range of 10+ miles and an endurance time of more than 2 hours. The drone carries an array of sensors, including a times-fifty optical zoom, to live-stream video back to its ground station.[5]

History

In 2008 it was selected for the United States Special Operations Command. In March 2012 the United States Army ordered the Puma All Environment (AE) and designated it the RQ-20A.[3] In April, the United States Marine Corps and United States Air Force placed a similar order for the RQ-20A.[6][7]

On 26 July 2013, the Puma became one of the first unmanned aerial vehicles to be granted certification by the Federal Aviation Administration to fly in U.S. airspace for commercial purposes.

A U.S. soldier launches a RQ-20 by hand

On 8 June 2014, the Puma AE made its first flight for BP in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, which was the first authorized unmanned commercial flight over land.[8]

The UK tested ISR packages compatible with the Puma AE on board the M80 Stiletto trials ship in November 2014.[9] As of 2021, 12 systems were deployed with 700 Naval Air Squadron permitting individual teams to be embarked on Royal Navy vessels as might be required.[10][5]

On 20 January 2016, RQ-20 units were captured by the Turkish army from the PKK. It is suspected that the Kurdish militants were able to acquire these drones from their Syrian affiliates.[11]

In August 2016, AeroVironment announced the U.S. Navy had tested and deployed the RQ-20B Puma aboard a Flight I Guided Missile Destroyer. The test included the company's Precision Recovery System to autonomously recover the aircraft aboard a ship. The Puma was utilized on Navy patrol craft in the Persian Gulf.[1]

In 2018 commercial certification followed military certification and the Congressionally-mandated opening of airspace over much of Alaska to small UAVs.[12] Three individual Pumas were certified, with strict requirements: only one aircraft of the type was allowed to be airborne at any one time; they were not certified for clouds or icing conditions; takeoff and landing was not allowed during certain gust and wind conditions. The certification did not mention line-of-sight control.[13] In December 2021, the United States allocated $5 million for a Puma drone for the Kurdish Peshmerga in Iraq.[14]

On 1 April 2022, the United States announced a $300 million military aid package to Ukraine that included Puma drones, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[15] Oryx reports that by 19 September 2023, Russian forces had shot down at least 10 of these drones.[16]

Variants

RQ-20A Puma
Military designation for the Puma All Environment variant.
Enhanced Puma
Upgrade of the RQ-20A Puma AE with more powerful propulsion system and new batteries that increase endurance by 75 percent to 3.5 hours, auxiliary payload bay to integrate payloads while keeping the video camera, precision navigation system with secondary GPS, and a redesigned durable fuselage with reinforced construction and improved aerodynamics. Available in early 2014.[17]
Solar Puma
Puma AE powered by thin solar cells that increases endurance to 9 hours.[18] Production version was planned for early 2014.[19]
RQ-20B
Block 2 Puma AE, includes a more powerful and lighter propulsion system, lighter and stronger airframe, long endurance battery, precision inertial navigation system an improved user interface, and the new, all environment Mantis i45 gimbal sensor suite.[1]
LRTA Puma
Puma AE upgraded with a long-range tracking antenna (LRTA) that extends range to 60 kilometers (37.28 miles). Available Spring 2018.[20]
Puma LE (Long Endurance)
Puma with expanded battery-operated endurance to 5.5 hours, revealed in May 2019.[21]
Puma 3 AE
Designed for maritime use, it is capable of landing on water or ground. Includes the Mantis i45 EO/IR sensor suite and extended range. Released in 2021.[22]

Operators

Map with RQ-20 operators in blue
 Albania
  • Albanian Armed Forces - 6 RQ-20B Puma Block AE were purchased through Foreign Military Sales (FMS) in 2020. The first batch was handed over in early September 2021.[23][24]
 Belgium
  • Belgian Army - Leased from the US Army in 2017[25]
 Canada
  • Canadian Army - An unknown number of RQ-20A Puma are operated by the Canadian Armed Forces.[26]
  • Royal Canadian Navy - 12 aircraft used for all Kingston-class coastal defence vessels.
 Costa Rica.
  • Air Vigilance Service - Costa Rica received a systems with total of 6 Puma AE drones as part of US Military Assistance grant[27]
 Czech Republic
  • Army of the Czech Republic - One system RQ-20A Puma was purchased in 2018. In 2022 was purchased four systems Puma 3 AE.[28][29]
 Denmark
  • Royal Danish Army - Bought Puma AE in 2012.[30] Upgraded to Puma AE II in 2016.
 Egypt
  • Egyptian Army - RQ-20B Puma AE II UAVs, delivery to be completed by 2020.[31][32]
 Estonia
  • Estonian Army - Unknown number of RQ20B Puma AE II UAVs purchased in September 2018. Delivery to be expected by March 2019.[33]
 France
  • Commandos Marine - Unknown number of Puma AE UAVs purchased in 2017 followed by an additional purchase in 2020.[34][29][28]
 Germany
  • German Navy - 3 RQ-20B Puma AE II systems in service.[35]
 Greece
  • Hellenic Army - Unknown number of RQ20B Puma AE II UAVs purchased in June 2017. Delivered by September of the same year to special operations units.[36]
 Kosovo
  • Kosovo Security Forces - Operate 4 Puma Drones[37]
 Latvia
  • Latvian Army - 3 RQ-20A Puma systems[38]
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
  • New Zealand Army - Operates a single top-end AeroVironment Puma drone.[41]
 Norway
  • Norwegian Army - Bought Puma AE in 2018–2019.[42]
 Philippines
  • Philippine Marine Corps - Received 2 systems with total of 8 Puma AE drones as part of US Military Assistance grant.[citation needed]
 Spain
  • Spanish Army - Operates an unknown number of Puma AE.[29]
 Sweden
  • Swedish Army- Bought Puma AE in 2012.[28]
 Turkey
  • Turkish Army- Puma 3 AE variant in use. 30 Purchased in 2016.[43] Produced under license by ALTOY.[44][45][46]
 United Kingdom
 United States
 Ukraine
  • Armed Forces of Ukraine[52]

• Peshmerga

Specifications

Data from [53] Puma AE data sheet

General characteristics

  • Length: 4 ft 7 in (1.4 m)
  • Wingspan: 9 ft 2 in (2.8 m)
  • Max takeoff weight: 13 lb (5.9 kg)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 52 mph (83 km/h, 45 kn)
  • Minimum control speed: 23 mph (37 km/h, 20 kn)
  • Range: 9.3 mi (15 km, 8.1 nmi)
  • Endurance: 2 hours

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 US Navy deploying new RQ-20B AeroVironment Puma AE aboard Guided Missile Destroyer - Navyrecognition.com, 11 August 2016
  2. ↑ "The AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma is a small-class surveillance UAV utilized in large numbers by the US military". Military Factory. 29 March 2018. https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1043. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "U.S. Army Places $20.4 Million Order for AeroVironment RQ-20A Puma AE Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems". http://investor.avinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=666018. 
  4. ↑ Puma unmanned craft tested on USS Gonzalez - Upi.com, 23 September 2015
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Royal Navy Expands Its Fleet Of Puma Remotely-Piloted Drones". Naval News. 17 November 2021. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/11/royal-navy-expands-its-fleet-of-puma-remotely-piloted-drones/. 
  6. ↑ "U.S. Marine Corps First to Procure Four Different AeroVironment Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems with $5.5 Million RQ-20A Puma Order". http://investor.avinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=666019. 
  7. ↑ AeroVironment Scores Another Small UAS Success - Ainonline.com, 27 April 2012
  8. ↑ Drone at Prudhoe Bay makes first FAA-authorized unmanned commercial flight over land - adn.com, 10 June 2014
  9. ↑ Scott, Richard (26 October 2014). "Dstl plans unmanned ISR payload demonstration from Stiletto". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. http://www.janes.com/article/45009/dstl-plans-unmanned-isr-payload-demonstration-from-stiletto. 
  10. ↑ "Royal Navy warship assists West African nations with maritime security". Royal Navy. 4 August 2023. https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2023/august/04/230804-trent-in-africa. 
  11. ↑ "PKK sığınağında İHA bulundu" (in tr). 21 January 2016. http://m.milliyet.com.tr/pkk-siginaginda-iha-bulundu-gundem-2182198/. 
  12. ↑ AeroVironment's Puma becomes first UAV to earn FAA commercial certification , FlightGlobal, 26 July 2013
  13. ↑ FAA certifies two UAVs for commercial operations , FlightGlobal, 26 July 2013
  14. ↑ Mylroie (28 December 2021). "Biden signs defense bill: funds Kurdish forces fighting ISIS". Kurdistan24. https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/26723-Biden-signs-defense-bill:-funds-Kurdish-forces-fighting-ISIS. 
  15. ↑ Romero, Dennis (April 1, 2022). "U.S. commits $300 million in military hardware, weapons to Ukraine". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/us-commits-300-million-military-hardware-weapons-ukraine-rcna22669. 
  16. ↑ "Attack on Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During the Russian Invasion of Ukraine". https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-ukrainian.html. 
  17. ↑ AeroVironment Introduces Block Upgrade to Puma AE Unmanned Aircraft System, Including 75 Percent Increase in Flight Duration - sUASNews.com, 21 October 2013
  18. ↑ Allen McDuffee, "Launch This New 9-Hour Solar-Powered Drone from Your Shoulder" , Wired, 13 August 2013
  19. ↑ AeroVironment Solar-Powered Puma AE Small Unmanned Aircraft Achieves Continuous Flight for More Than Nine Hours - sUASNews.com, 16 August 2013
  20. ↑ AeroVironment's PUMA AE UAS receives new antenna - Armyrecognition.com, 15 September 2017
  21. ↑ "SOFIC 2019: AeroVironment "soft laucnhes" Puma LE". 23 May 2019. https://www.monch.com/mpg/news/special-forces/5502-sofic-aerovironment-puma-le.html. 
  22. ↑ "AeroVironment Receives Puma 3 AE and Raven Unmanned Aircraft System Orders Totaling $15.9 Million from United States Air Force". businesswire.com. 22 July 2021. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210722005373/en/AeroVironment-Receives-Puma-3-AE-and-Raven-Unmanned-Aircraft-System-Orders-Totaling-15.9-Million-from-United-States-Air-Force. 
  23. ↑ "Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Albania Puma System". GovTribe. 31 July 2020. https://govtribe.com/opportunity/federal-contract-opportunity/foreign-military-sales-fms-albania-puma-system-panrsa20p0000013348. 
  24. ↑ "Η Αλβανία δρομολογεί την αγορά αμερικανικών drones" (in el). 2020-08-04. https://www.ptisidiastima.com/albania-will-procure-rq20b-puma/. 
  25. ↑ "La Belgique recourt aux mini-drones Puma pour l'Irak" (in fr). 24 April 2017. http://www.air-cosmos.com/la-belgique-recourt-aux-mini-drones-puma-pour-l-irak-93589. 
  26. ↑ "RQ-20 Puma UAV: aerial reconnaissance of Armed Forces of Ukraine uses American drones". Militarnyi (Militarnyi). 2020-05-30. https://mil.in.ua/en/news/rq-20-puma-uav-aerial-reconnaissance-of-armed-forces-of-ukraine-uses-american-drones/. Retrieved 2022-12-27. 
  27. ↑ "EE.UU. anuncia donación de $13,7 millones a Costa Rica para combatir narco y vigilar fronteras". 2023-02-15. https://observador.cr/ee-uu-anuncia-donacion-de-137-millones-a-costa-rica-para-combatir-narco-y-vigilar-fronteras/. Retrieved 2023-02-15. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Eshel, Tamir (2012-06-12). "Sweden, Denmark Opt for PUMA AE, Wasp Mini-UAVs" (in en-US). https://defense-update.com/20120612_sweden-denmark-puma-wasp.html. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Kunertova, Dominika (2019). Military Drones in Europe. Denmark: University of Southern Denmark. pp. 19. https://www.sdu.dk/-/media/cws/files/cws_military_drones_in_europe_report.pdf. 
  30. ↑ "Danish Armed Forces Select AeroVironment's Puma AE Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems". https://www.avinc.com/resources/press-releases/view/danish_armed_forces_select_aerovironments_puma_ae_small_unmanned_aircraft_s. 
  31. ↑ "Contracts: Press Operations: Release No: CR-050-18". https://www.defense.gov/News/Contracts/Contract-View/Article/1468905/. 
  32. ↑ "AeroVironment Awarded $44.5 Million Puma AE UAS Contract from a Major Country in the Middle East". https://www.avinc.com/resources/press-releases/view/aerovironment-awarded-44.5-million-puma-ae-uas-contract-from-a-major-countr. 
  33. ↑ "Estonia and Portugal procure AeroVironment small unmanned aircraft systems". 15 September 2018. https://thedefensepost.com/2018/09/15/estonia-portugal-aerovironment-uas/. 
  34. ↑ Gain, Nathan (2021-02-03). "French Naval Special Forces Order Additional PUMA UAVs from AeroVironment" (in en-US). https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/02/french-naval-special-forces-order-additional-puma-uavs-from-aerovironment/. 
  35. ↑ "Puma AE für die Marine - FLUG REVUE". https://www.flugrevue.de/militaer/unbemanntes-fluggeraet-von-aerovironment-puma-ae-fuer-die-marine/. 
  36. ↑ "Που βρίσκονται τα ελληνικά RQ-20 Puma;" (in Greek). 31 March 2018. https://flight.com.gr/ellinika-rq-20-puma/. "Πιθανολογείται ότι αποδέκτες των RQ-20B είναι κάποιες από τις μονάδες ειδικών επιχειρήσεων" 
  37. ↑ "How did four UAS turn into forty?". 26 January 2022. https://kossev.info/how-did-four-uas-turn-into-forty/. 
  38. ↑ "Latvia to receive three unmanned aircraft systems with US support". https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/defense/latvia-to-receive-three-unmanned-aircraft-with-us-support.a275105/. 
  39. ↑ "Achter de schermen". Royal Marechaussee. 7 September 2020. https://magazines.defensie.nl/kmarmagazine/2020/09/07_achter-de-schermen_09-2020. 
  40. ↑ "The Netherlands Ministry of Defence Awards AeroVironment Contract for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Upgrades Valued at $10.3 Million". 31 October 2016. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161031005408/en/The-Netherlands-Ministry-of-Defence-Awards-AeroVironment-Contract-for-Small-Unmanned-Aircraft-Systems-and-Upgrades-Valued-at-10.3-Million. 
  41. ↑ "Defence Force seeks more drones for fleet" (in en-nz). 2021-05-23. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/443165/defence-force-seeks-more-drones-for-fleet. 
  42. ↑ "AeroVironment awarded contract for drone data links for Norway". http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/AeroVironment_awarded_contract_for_drone_data_links_for_Norway_999.html. 
  43. ↑ https://www.bagimsizhavacilar.com/ozel-kuvvetler-puma-kullanmaya-basladi/
  44. ↑ https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/bayraktara-puma-destegi-2537472
  45. ↑ https://www.donanimhaber.com/TSK-Suriyede-kullanilan-RQ20-Puma-iHAdan-fotograf-paylasti--88113
  46. ↑ https://www.rellablog.com/yerli-insansiz-hava-araci-puma-gorev-yapmaya-basladi/
  47. ↑ AirForces Monthly. Stamford, Lincolnshire, England: Key Publishing Ltd. January 2020. pp. 8. 
  48. ↑ "700X reach milestones in Puma flights and drone training" (in en). https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2020/march/17/200317-milestone-for-700x-air-systems-squadron. 
  49. ↑ "Navy's drone experts 700X NAS ready to deploy on warships" (in en). https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2020/august/17/200817-700x-three-new-flights. 
  50. ↑ Puma numbers - Strategypage.com, February 19, 2013
  51. ↑ [1] - NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries
  52. ↑ [2] - Mezha.Media
  53. ↑ "Puma AE data sheet". http://www.avinc.com/downloads/PumaAE_0910.pdf. 

External links



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