Engineering:Bell H-13 Sioux

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Short description: Single-engine single-rotor light military helicopter
H-13 Sioux
Bell 47 (52253543908).jpg
An OH-13 over RIAT, 2022
Role Light observation helicopter
National origin United States
Manufacturer Bell Aircraft
Bell Helicopter
First flight 8 December 1945 (Bell 47 prototype)[1]
Status Retired
Primary users United States Army
United States Air Force
United States Navy
British Army
Number built At least 2,407
Developed from Bell 47
Variants Bell 201
Developed into Bell 207 Sioux Scout

The Bell H-13 Sioux is an American single-engine light helicopter built by Bell Helicopter and manufactured by Westland Aircraft under license for the British military as the Sioux AH.1 and HT.2.

Development

In 1947, the United States Army Air Forces (later the United States Air Force ) ordered the improved Bell Model 47A. Most were designated YR-13 and three winterized versions were designated YR-13A. The United States Army first ordered Bell 47s in 1948 under the designation H-13. These would later receive the name Sioux.[2]

Initially, the United States Navy procured several Bell 47s, designated HTL-1, between 1947 and 1958. The United States Coast Guard evaluated this model, and procured two HTL-1s for multi-mission support in the New York Harbor. The most common U.S. Navy version of the 47 was designated the HTL-4, and dispenses with the fabric covering on the tail boom. The U.S. Coast Guard procured three HTL-5s in 1952 (similar to the HTL-4 but powered by a Franklin O-335-5 engine) and used these until 1960.[3] The Coast Guard procured two of Bell's Model 47G and designated them HUL-1G in 1959.[3]

The H-13 was one of the principal helicopters used by the U.S. Army during the Korean War, with the H-13D variant being the most prevalent. During the war it was used in a wide variety of roles including observation, reconnaissance, and medivac. It was also used as an observation helicopter early in the Vietnam War, before being replaced by the Hughes OH-6 Cayuse in 1966.

The Bell 47 was ordered by the British Army as the Sioux to meet specification H.240, with licensed production by Westland Helicopters. In order to comply with the terms of its licence agreement with Sikorsky Aircraft, which prevented it building a U.S. competitor's aircraft, Westland licensed the Model 47 from Agusta, who had purchased a license from Bell.[4] the first contract was for 200 helicopters. The first 50 helicopters of the contract were built by Agusta at Gallarate in Italy followed by 150 built by Westland at Yeovil. The first Westland Sioux made its maiden flight on 9 March 1965.[5]

Design

The Sioux is a three-seat observation and basic training helicopter. In 1953 the Bell 47G design was introduced. It can be recognized by the full "soap bubble" canopy (as its designer Arthur M. Young termed it),[6] exposed welded-tube tail boom, saddle fuel tanks and skid landing gear. In its UH-13J version, based on the Bell 47J, it had a metal-clad tail boom and fuselage and an enclosed cockpit and cabin.

The H-13 and its military variants were often equipped with medical evacuation panniers, one to each skid, with an acrylic glass shield to protect the patient from wind.

A single 260 hp Lycoming VO-435 piston engine was fitted to the 47G variant. Fuel was fed from two high-mounted external tanks. A single two-bladed rotor with short inertial stabilising minor blades was used on the Sioux.[5]

Variants

Military

An H-13 with med-evac panniers
YR-13
[lower-alpha 1] 28 Bell 47A helicopters procured by the United States Army Air Forces for evaluation. The YR-13 was powered by a 175 hp (130 kW) Franklin O-335-1 piston engine. 10 of the aircraft were transferred to the U.S. Navy for evaluation as the HTL-1, with two HTL-1s later transferred to US Coast Guard.[8]
YR-13A
3 YR-13 aircraft winterized for cold-weather testing in Alaska. Redesignated YH-13A in 1948.[9]
HTL-2
US Navy equivalent of the commercial Model 47D. 12 built.[10]
HTL-3
US Navy equivalent of the commercial Model 47E, powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) Franklin 6V4-200-C32 engine. Nine built.
H-13B
65 aircraft ordered in 1948 by the U.S. Army.[9] All Army versions were later named Sioux.
YH-13C
One H-13B used as engineering testbed. Fitted with skid undercarriage and open, uncovered tailboom.[9]
H-13C
16 H-13B aircraft converted to carry external stretchers in 1952, with skid landing gear and open tail boom of YH-13C.[9]
H-13D
Army two-seat version based on commercial model 47D-1, with skid landing gear, stretcher carriers, and Franklin O-335-5 engine. 87 built.[9]
OH-13E
H-13D configuration with three-seat aircraft with dual controls. 490 built.[9]
XH-13F/Bell 201
Modified Bell 47G powered by a Continental XT51-T-3 (Turbomeca Artouste) turboshaft.[9] The first Bell helicopter powered by a turbine engine.
OH-13G
Three-seater based on commercial model 47-G. Introduced a small elevator on the tailboom. 265 delivered to US Army.[11]
OH-13H/UH-13H
Based on 47G-2. Equipped with a 250 hp (186 kW) Lycoming VO-435 engine. At least 453 acquired by US Army.[11] UH-13Hs were used by the U.S. Air Force.
UH-13J
Two Bell 47J-1 Rangers acquired by the U.S. Air Force for VIP transport of the U.S. President. Originally designated H-13J.
OH-13K
Two converted H-13Hs with a larger diameter rotor and a 225 hp (168 kW) Franklin 6VS-335 engine for test evaluation.
TH-13L
Originally designated as the Navy HTL-4.
HTL-5
Utilized a Franklin O-335-5 engine.
TH-13M
Incorporated a small movable elevator. Originally designated as the Navy HTL-6.
HH-13Q
Originally the HUL-1G, it was used by the U.S. Coast Guard for search and rescue.
UH-13R
Powered by an Allison YT63-A-3 turboshaft engine. Original US Navy designation HUL-1M.
OH-13S
Three-seat observation helicopter based on 47G-3B to replace the OH-13H. 265 received by US Army.[11]
TH-13T
Two-seat instrument trainer for the U.S. Army based on the 47G-3B-1, powered by 270 hp (201 kW) Lycoming TVO-435-D1B. 411 purchased.[11]
Sioux AH.1
General purpose helicopter for the British Army, 50 built by Agusta (Agusta-Bell 47G-3B1) and 250 built by Westland (Westland-Agusta-Bell 47G-3B1).[12] A small number also used by 3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron of the Royal Marines.
Sioux HT.2
Training helicopter for the Royal Air Force , 15 built by Westland.
Texas Helicopter M74 Wasp
Texas Helicopter Corporation single-seat conversion of OH-13E helicopters for agricultural use, powered by 200 hp (150 kW) Lycoming TVO-435-A1E engines. Certified 1976.[13]
Texas Helicopter M74A
Texas Helicopter Corporation single-seat conversion of OH-13H helicopters for agricultural use, powered by Lycoming TVO-435 engine rated at 240 hp (180 kW) for 2 minutes. Certified 1977.[13]
Texas Helicopter M79S Wasp II
Texas Helicopter Corporation conversion for agricultural use, with tandem seating and stub wing fuel tanks. Powered by Lycoming TVO-435 engine rated at 270 hp (200 kW) for 5 minutes.[13]
Texas Helicopter M79T Jet Wasp II
Texas Helicopter Corporation conversion of Bell 47G helicopters for agricultural use, powered by 420 hp (310 kW) Soloy-Allison 250-C20S engines.

Operators

Australian Army A1 Bell 47G Sioux (A1-398) used for training at RAAF Base Wagga.
 Argentina
 Australia
 Austria
 Brazil
 Canada
  • Royal Canadian Navy[19]
    • VX-10 Squadron
 Chile
 Colombia
 Cuba
  • Air Defense Force[20]
 Ecuador
 France
 Germany
A Maltese Air Wing H-13
 Greece
 Honduras
 Iceland
  • Icelandic Coast Guard[25]
 Indonesia
 India
 Italy
 Jamaica
  • Jamaica Defence Force[29]
 Japan
  • Japan Ground Self Defence Force[29]
  • Japan Maritime Self Defence Force[29]
 Malaysia
 Malta
  • Maltese Air Wing[31]
 Mexico
A RNZAF Sioux in 2009
 New Zealand
 Norway
 Paraguay
  • Paraguayan Air Force[33]
 Pakistan
  • Pakistan Army Aviation Corps[25]
 Peru
 Philippines
 Senegal
 South Vietnam
  • South Vietnam Air Force operated several helicopters since April 1956.
    • 1st Helicopter Squadron
    • 2nd Helicopter Squadron
 South Yemen
  • People's Republic of Yemen Air Force[35]
 Spain

Sri Lanka

 Taiwan
  • Republic of China Army[38]
 Thailand
 Turkey
Agusta Sioux AH.1 of the British - Historic Army Aircraft Flight.
 United Kingdom
 United States
 Uruguay
 Venezuela
 Zambia
  • Zambian Air Force[47]

Surviving aircraft

Canada

  • RCN 1387 – HTL-6 on static display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario.[48]

Germany

  • 58-5348 – OH-13H on static display at the Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg in Bückeburg, Lower Saxony.[49]
  • XT548 – Sioux AH.1 on static display at the Flugausstellung Hermeskeil in Hermeskeil, Rhineland-Palatinate.[50][51]

New Zealand

  • H-13 Sioux (Bell 47-G3) registration NZ3705 Sioux on display at the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum at Wigram. The aircraft is displayed in its RNZAF colour scheme when it was retired from service in 2012. NZ3705[52]

Pakistan

  • OH-13 on static display at the Pakistan Army Museum in Rawalpindi, Punjab.[citation needed]

South Africa

South Korea

An H-13 on display at the War Memorial of Korea in Seoul.

Spain

  • OH-13H on static display at the Aeronautical Laboratory of the School of Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Terrassa, Barcelona.[citation needed]

Taiwan

  • 1101 – OH-13H on display at Aviation Education Exhibition Hall, a subsidiary of the Republic of China Air Force Academy.[38]
  • 2110 – OH-13H on display at Longtan Sports Park at Taoyuan City, Taiwan.[54][55]

Thailand

United Kingdom

Airworthy

  • XT131 (G-CICN) - Sioux AH.1 airworthy with the Historic Army Aircraft Flight based at AAC Middle Wallop.[58]

On display

  • XT148 – Sioux AH.1 under restoration[citation needed] at the North East Land, Sea and Air Museums in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear.[59]
  • XT190 – Sioux AH.1 on static display at The Helicopter Museum in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset.[60][61]
  • XT200 – Sioux AH.1 on static display at the Newark Air Museum in Newark, Nottinghamshire.[62]

United States

An H-13 in M*A*S*H paint scheme at Pueblo Museum.
OH-13 at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum
Airworthy
OH-13H
  • 58-1528 – operated by Ocean Air Inc. of Eugene, Oregon.[63][64]
TH-13T
  • 65-8040 – based at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum in Addison, Texas. It is painted as a H-13D.[65][66] Removed from public display when the museum indefinitely closed on 1 January 2024. To be moved to North Texas Regional Airport in Denison, Texas.[67]
On display
H-13B
  • 48-0796 – South Carolina Military Museum in Columbia, South Carolina. It is the first H-13B airframe, serial number 101, and came off the production line in mid-July 1948.[68][69]
H-13D
  • 48-0845 – United States Army Aviation Museum in Enterprise, Alabama.[70][71]
OH-13D
  • 51-2456 - United States Army Medical Department Museum located on base at Fort Sam Houston, in San Antonio, Texas.[72]
OH-13E
  • 51-13934 – Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon.[73][74]
  • 51-14010 – U.S. Army Transportation Museum at Joint Base Langley–Eustis near Newport News, Virginia.[75]
  • 51-14062 or 51-14077 – Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey in Teterboro, New Jersey.[76]
  • 51-14175 – Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.[77][78]
  • 51-14193 – United States Army Aviation Museum in Enterprise, Alabama.[70][79]
  • 51-14218 – United States Army Aviation Museum in Enterprise, Alabama.[70][80]
OH-13G
  • 52-7833 – Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum in Horsham, Pennsylvania.[81][82]
H-13H
  • 58-1520 – South Dakota Air and Space Museum in Box Elder, South Dakota.[83]
OH-13H
  • 59-4949 - in use as instructional airframe at Portland Community College in Portland, Oregon .
UH-13H
  • 56-2217 – Castle Air Museum in Atwater, California.[84][85]
OH-13S
  • 63-9085 – Texas Air & Space Museum in Amarillo, Texas. It wears a "M*A*S*H" paint scheme and is on loan from Amarillo College.[86]
  • 64-15338 – Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum in San Diego, California.[87]
  • 64-15393 – Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York, New York.[88]
TH-13T
  • 67-15963 – Pueblo Weisbrod Aircraft Museum in Pueblo, Colorado. It has a "M*A*S*H" paint scheme.[89][90]
  • 67-17053 – Hill Aerospace Museum in Ogden, Utah.[91]
HTL-2
  • 122952 – Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[92]
HTL-4
  • 128911 – National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola, Florida.[93]
HTL-6
  • 142377 – National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola, Florida.[93]
  • 142394 – Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum in San Diego, California.[87]
HTL-7
  • 145842 – Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[94]
Unknown
  • Fantasy of Flight in Polk City, Florida has an airworthy XH-13F.[95][96][97]
  • U.S. Veterans Memorial Museum, Huntsville, Alabama has an H-13D on display.[98]

Specifications (Sioux AH.1)

3-view line drawing of the Bell YR-13
3-view line drawing of the Bell YR-13
3-view line drawing of the Bell H-13G Sioux
3-view line drawing of the Bell H-13G Sioux

Data from Newark Air Museum,[99] Britains Small Wars.[100]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Capacity: 3
  • Length: 31 ft 7 in (9.63 m)
  • Height: 9 ft 8 in (2.95 m)
  • Gross weight: 2,952 lb (1,339 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming TVO-435-A1A six-cylinder, horizontally opposed piston, 260 hp (190 kW)
  • Main rotor diameter: 37 ft 0 in (11.28 m)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 105 mph (169 km/h, 91 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 84 mph (135 km/h, 73 kn)
  • Range: 273 mi (439 km, 237 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 16,100 ft (4,900 m)

Armament
Twin .30 in (7.62 mm) Machine guns[lower-alpha 2]

Popular culture

The H-13 has appeared, and played key roles, in many film and television productions. It has been associated with both the M*A*S*H TV series (1972–1983) and the film of the same name (1970), prominently featuring the H-13 in its opening credits, and played a central role in the series finale, which still holds the record as the highest rated single episode broadcast in America.[102][103] The series helped popularize the H-13 as the helicopter most people now associate with the Korean War.[104] The H-13 also played a key role in the Whirlybirds TV series (1957–1959).[105][106]

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Notes

  1. ↑ In the military of the United States, the Bell 47 carried several designations prior to 1962. R-13 was the first designation by the United States Army Air Forces , while the Navy designated their training version as HTL. In 1948, the United States Air Force changed the designation to H-13 which was also adopted by the Army, adding the name Sioux. The Navy and Coast Guard designated utility models as HUL. In 1962, under a joint designation system created by the Department of Defense, the designations for all of the helicopters were changed to a mission symbol followed by the vehicle type designator creating a two-letter prefix (OH, UH, XH, etc.), but the Bell 47 retained its original series number, 13 and the Army's popular name. To denote different models, a letter suffix was appended to the designation.[7]
  2. ↑ The OH-1 was capable of carrying twin M37C .30 caliber machine guns, or twin M60 machine guns.[101] They rarely did so however, because according to a Military Channel documentary on the AH-1 attack helicopter ("World's Deadliest Aircraft" series), the guns' recoil was too great a strain on the engines.

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Gunston 1986, p. 117
  2. ↑ Donald, David, ed. "Bell Model 47". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Barnes & Nobel Books, 1997. ISBN:0-7607-0592-5.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pearcy, Arthur (1989). A History of Coast Guard Aviation. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-261-3. 
  4. ↑ James 1991, p. 55
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "westland sioux — Helicopter Database". http://www.helis.com/database/model/277/. 
  6. ↑ Arthur M. Young. Arthur Young on the Helicopter (Part 2) (YouTube) (YouTube). Arthur M. Young. Event occurs at 10:15 to 11:45. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved April 8, 2016. I thought the bubble was a great idea, and we tried it. It consisted of taking a large sheet of Plexiglas, and a plywood form, cut for the final dimension for the outside of the bubble, then heating the Plexiglas, putting it under the plywood form, letting air pressure come up through the middle, and it would blow just like a soap bubble. And, then we had a gauge saying how far to blow, and when it reached that point, we turned off the air pressure.
  7. ↑ Derek Bridges. "U.S. Military Aircraft and Weapon Designations". http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/d/o/dob104/aviation/us/index.html. 
  8. ↑ Pelletier 1992, pp. 63, 70, 72
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Harding 1990, p. 30
  10. ↑ Pelletier 1992, p. 72
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Harding 1990, p. 31
  12. ↑ James 1991, pp. 484–485
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Taylor 1980, pp. 446–447
  14. ↑ "Argentine Army Aviation". http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1186/. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968". Flight International. p. 48. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201204.html. 
  16. ↑ "Argentina – Coast Guard". Demand media. http://www.airliners.net/photo/Argentina---Coast/Bell-47J-2A-Ranger/1679013/L/&sid=b3ec3838549fe043107a6f2734d72935. 
  17. ↑ "AAF Bell OH-13H Sioux (47)". Demand media. http://www.airliners.net/photo/Austria---Air/Bell-OH-13H-Sioux/2101283/L/&sid=b3ec3838549fe043107a6f2734d72935. 
  18. ↑ "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968 "B"". Flight International. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201205.html. 
  19. ↑ "Bell 47G HTL-6". technomuses.ca. http://aviation.technomuses.ca/collections/artifacts/aircraft/BellHTL-6/. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968 Pg 50". http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201206.html. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968 Pg 51". http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201207.html. 
  22. ↑ Boulay 1984, p. 5
  23. ↑ Vetter 2005, p. 20
  24. ↑ "Deutsches Museum". http://qsyon-route.blogspot.com/2010/06/deutsches-museum-27-06-2010.html. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968 Pg 52". Flight International. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201208.html. 
  26. ↑ "Greece Air Force Bell-47G". Demand media. http://www.airliners.net/photo/Greece---Air/Bell-47G-3B-2A/1301831/L/&sid=b3ec3838549fe043107a6f2734d72935. 
  27. ↑ Hagedorn 1993, p. 78
  28. ↑ "Italian Air Force Bell-47G". airliners. https://imgproc.airliners.net/photos/airliners/2/3/7/2184732.jpg?v=v40. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968 Pg 53". http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201209.html. 
  30. ↑ "Tentara Udara Diraja Malaysia Bell 47-G". http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1092/. 
  31. ↑ "Malta Air Force Aircraft Types". aeroflight.co.uk. http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/malta/af/types/maltaaf-aircraft.htm. 
  32. ↑ "B47G-3B-2 Sioux". airforce.mil.nz. http://www.airforce.mil.nz/about-us/aircraft/sioux.htm. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968 Pg 54". http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201210.html. 
  34. ↑ "World Air News: Peruvian Navy Bells". Air Pictorial 25 (2): 41. February 1963. 
  35. ↑ Cooper 2017, p. 31
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968 Pg 55". http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201211.html. 
  37. ↑ Fontanellaz, Adrien; Cooper, Tom (2018). Paradise Afire: The Sri Lankan War, 1971-1987. Helion Limited. p. 18, 24. ISBN 9781912390342. https://books.google.com/books?id=EfgNtAEACAAJ. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "二樓懸掛展示區-航空教育展示館". http://www.aeeh.com.tw/tw/index.asp?au_id=3&sub_id=12&id=49. 
  39. ↑ "RTAF history". thai-aviation.net. http://www.thai-aviation.net/files/Air_Force_Summary.pdf. 
  40. ↑ "Thai Bell-OH-13H-Sioux". Demand media. http://www.airliners.net/photo/Thailand---Air/Bell-OH-13H-Sioux/1650580/L/&sid=b3ec3838549fe043107a6f2734d72935. 
  41. ↑ FLIGHT International. 23 November 1972. p. 754. 
  42. ↑ "Bell H-13 Sioux Helicopter -USAF". armedforcesmuseum.com. http://www.armedforcesmuseum.com/bell-h-13-sioux-helicopter/. 
  43. ↑ "US Army OH-13". olive-drab.com. http://olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_h13sioux.php. 
  44. ↑ "Monthan Memories". dhc-2.com. http://www.dhc-2.com/Monthan_Memories_01.html. 
  45. ↑ "USCG History aircraft". http://www.helis.com/database/org/us_united_states_coast_guard/History. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 "FlightGlobal World Helicopter Market – 1968 Pg 60". http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201216.html. 
  47. ↑ "World Air Forces 1975 pg 314". flightglobal.com. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%201692.html. 
  48. ↑ "BELL 47G HTL-6". Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation. http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-bell-47g-htl-6.php. 
  49. ↑ "Bell 47G-2 (H-13 SIOUX)". http://www.hubschraubermuseum.de/exponate/einrotorige-hubschrauber/bell-47g-2-h-13-sioux/?lang=en. 
  50. ↑ "[Homepage"] (in de). http://flugausstellung.de. 
  51. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell47 / H-13 Sioux, s/n XT548 RAF, c/n WA-437". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28237. 
  52. ↑ "Bell 47G-3B-1 Sioux". http://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/aircraft/bell-47g-3b-1-sioux. Retrieved 22 June 2020. 
  53. ↑ "History of the Port Elizabeth SAAF Museum". http://saafmuseum.org.za/about/the-history-of-the-saaf-museum/history-of-the-port-eizabeth-museum. 
  54. ↑ 幸美 (kimidodo). "LongTan@龍潭運動公園A飛彈坦克直升機(桃園) @ 蝸牛漫步"@_Kimidodo's Taipei Free Walk :: 痞客邦 ::" (in zh-TW). http://kimidodo.pixnet.net/blog/post/80595793. 
  55. ↑ 白鷺鷥 (kimidodo) (2016-12-10). "【陸軍】教練直升機TH-55C". https://blog.xuite.net/kimidodo/888/472308725. 
  56. ↑ "Building 5:Helicopters and last propeller fighter". http://www.rtaf.mi.th/MUSEUM/BLDG5-2.HTM. 
  57. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell OH-13H Sioux, s/n H7-9/15 RTAF, c/n 1894". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=12536. 
  58. ↑ "Sioux". https://HAAF.uk/sioux/. 
  59. ↑ "Exhibits". North East Land, Sea and Air Museums. http://www.nelsam.org.uk/NEAM/Exhibits/Exhibits.htm. 
  60. ↑ "The Collection [Europe"]. http://helicoptermuseum.co.uk/europe.htm. 
  61. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell47 / H-13 Sioux, s/n XT190 RAF, c/n WA-349". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=16525. 
  62. ↑ "Aircraft List". http://www.newarkairmuseum.org/Aircraft-List. 
  63. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell OH-13H Sioux, s/n 58-1528 US, c/n 2292, c/r N9025". http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=7890. 
  64. ↑ "FAA REGISTRY [N9025"]. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=N9025. 
  65. ↑ "Aircraft". http://www.cavflight.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=119. 
  66. ↑ "FAA REGISTRY [N55ER"]. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=55ER. 
  67. ↑ Sullivan, Cole (1 January 2024). "Historic Addison flight museum announces closure". WFAA (Dallas, Texas). https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/addison-texas-cavanaugh-flight-museum-closing/287-85fe72cf-3131-4919-88ed-e92d8cfa30c0. 
  68. ↑ "H-13B "Sioux" Helicopter". South Carolina Military Museum. http://scmilitarymuseum.com/h-13-b-sioux-helicopter.html. 
  69. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell H-13D Sioux, s/n 48-0796 US, c/n 101, c/r N8310". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=5444. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 "Rotary Wing". Army Aviation Museum Foundation, Inc.. http://www.armyaviationmuseum.org/index.php/museum/aircraft-collection/16-aircraft-collection/65-rotary-wing. 
  71. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell H-13C Sioux, s/n 48-0845 US, c/n 129". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=36968. 
  72. ↑ "Vehicles". http://ameddmuseum.amedd.army.mil/gallery/vehicles.html. 
  73. ↑ "Helicopters". Evergreen Museum. http://www.evergreenmuseum.org/helicopters. 
  74. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell47 / H-13 Sioux, s/n 51-13934 US Army". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=70402. 
  75. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell OH-13E Sioux, s/n 51-14010 US, c/n 0775". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=5642. 
  76. ↑ Baugher, Joe (1 February 2017). "1951 USAF Serial Numbers". http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1951.html. 
  77. ↑ "Bell 47D-1 Sioux (OH-13E)" (in en-US). 2017-02-04. https://yanksair.org/collection/bell-47d-1-sioux-oh-13e/. 
  78. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell OH-13E Sioux, s/n 51-14175 US, c/n 940, c/r N55230". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=27422. 
  79. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell OH-13E Sioux, s/n 51-14193 US, c/n 958". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=16596. 
  80. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell OH-13E Sioux, s/n 51-14218 US, c/n 993". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=13499. 
  81. ↑ "Bell H-13G "Sioux"". Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum. http://wingsoffreedommuseum.org/index.php/our-aircraft/13-aircraft/aircraft-rotorcraft/32-aircraft-h-13g-sioux. 
  82. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell OH-13G Sioux, s/n 52-7833 US, c/n 1060". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=74106. 
  83. ↑ "Exhibits". http://www.sdairandspacemuseum.com/exhibits. 
  84. ↑ "Aircraft on Display". Castle Air Museum. http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay. 
  85. ↑ "Bell UH-13H 'Sioux' SN: 56-2217". http://www.aero-web.org/museums/ca/cam/56-2217.htm. 
  86. ↑ "Bell OH-13S Sioux 63-9085 N9263Z". http://texasairandspacemuseum.org/Bell%20OH-13S.htm. 
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 "Aircraft Listing". http://www.flyingleathernecks.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Aircraft_Listing.pdf. 
  88. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell OH-13S Sioux, s/n 64-15393 US". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=10364. 
  89. ↑ "Actual Aircraft on Display in Pueblo". http://www.pwam.org/aircraftdisplay1.html. 
  90. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell47 / H-13 Sioux, s/n 67-15963 USAF, c/r N14941". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=39360. 
  91. ↑ "Bell TH-13T "Sioux"". http://www.hill.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/397094/bell-th-13t-sioux. 
  92. ↑ "SIOUX". PimaAir.org. http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/bell-htl-2-sioux. 
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 "Sioux on Display". Naval Aviation Museum Foundation. December 16, 2013. http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/history-up-close/aircraft-in-spotlight/sioux-display. 
  94. ↑ "SIOUX". PimaAir.org. http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/bell-th-13n-sioux. 
  95. ↑ "1954 Bell 47G". Fantasy of Flight. http://www.fantasyofflight.com/collection/aircraft/currently-not-showing-in-museum/korean-war-post-wwii/1954-bell-47g. 
  96. ↑ "Airframe Dossier - Bell47 / H-13 Sioux, s/n 56-143170 US Army, c/n 1685, c/r N147DP". AerialVisuals.ca. http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=1795. 
  97. ↑ "FAA REGISTRY [N147DP"]. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N147DP. 
  98. ↑ "Bell H-13D Helicopter". U.S. Veterans Memorial Museum. http://www.memorialmuseum.org/displays/aircrafts/item/bell-h-13d-helicopter. 
  99. ↑ "Newark Air Museum — Westland Sioux AH.1". http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/360/where_to_go/newark_air_museum/two_seat_night_fighter.shtml. 
  100. ↑ "Britains Small Wars". http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Aden/aircraft.html#sioux. 
  101. ↑ U.S. Helicopter Armament Subsystems
  102. ↑ "Top 100 Rated TV Shows Of All Time". March 21, 2009. https://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/reference/top-100-rated-tv-shows-of-all-time/. 
  103. ↑ "Saints' win over Colts in Super Bowl XLIV is most-watched television program ever". USA Today. February 8, 2010. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/thehuddle/post/2010/02/saints-win-in-super-bowl-xliv-scores-highest-tv-ratings-since-1987/1. 
  104. ↑ Hughes, Kaylene. "Army helicopters in Korea, 1950 to '53". https://www.army.mil/article/177302/army_helicopters_in_korea_1950_to_53. 
  105. ↑ "M*A*S*H". rotaryaction.com. http://www.rotaryaction.com/m.html. 
  106. ↑ "Whirlybirds". rotaryaction.com. http://www.rotaryaction.com/pages/whirlybirds.html. 

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External links



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