Engineering:Bombardier Challenger 300

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Short description: Business jet made by Bombardier Aerospace
Challenger 300/350
Bombardier BD-100-1A10 Challenger 300 AN1704544.jpg
Role Business jet
Manufacturer Bombardier Aerospace
First flight 14 August 2001[1]
Introduction 8 January 2004
Status In production[2]
Primary users Flexjet
XOJET
NetJets
VistaJet
Produced 2001-present
Number built ~450 Challenger 300[3]
350 Challenger 350 (July 2020)[4]

The Bombardier Challenger 300 is a 3,100-nautical-mile (5,700 km; 3,600 mi) range super mid-sized business jet designed and produced by the Canadian aircraft manufacturer Bombardier Aerospace.

Development of the aircraft, originally called the Bombardier Continental, begun during the late 1990s and was formally launched at the 1999 Paris Air Show. The baseline Challenger 300 performed its maiden flight on 14 August 2001 and received its Canadian type approval on 31 May 2003; it commenced commercial operations on 8 January 2004. The majority of sales were to North American-based entities.[5] During the late 2010s, the price of the Challenger 300/350 was lowered substantially to better compete against rivals such as the Embraer Legacy 500.[6]

Improved models of the Challenger 300 have been developed. The Challenger 350, a slightly improved 3,200 nmi (5,900 km; 3,700 mi) range variant, made its first flight on 2 March 2013 and was approved on 11 June 2014. During September 2021, Bombardier launched the Challenger 3500, featuring auto- throttles and an upgraded cabin. By July 2020, around 450 Challenger 300s, and 350 Challenger 350s had reportedly been delivered.[4]

Development

Challenger 300

Closeup: nose, stairs open, engines
Passenger cabin

During the late 1990s, Bombardier Aerospace decided to embark on the development of a super mid-sized business jet that would be positioned between its existing Learjet 60 and the Challenger 604.[7] Market research had reportedly indicated that in excess of 1,000 new generation super mid-size business jets would be sold by 2012 and the company forecast that the new aircraft could secure one-third of this market. Early on, it was sized to accommodate eight passenger as well as to cover a distance of 5,740km (3,100nm) while cruising at a speed of Mach 0.8.[7] It was a clean-sheet design, having not been developed from either the Challenger 600 or its variants.[8]

In late 1998 and early 1999, various key suppliers, such as Rockwell Collins and AlliedSignal, the former providing its Pro Line 21 integrated avionics system and the latter producing the AS907 turbofan engine selected to power the type, agreed terms for their involvement in the project.[7][9] Mitsubishi Heavy Industries opted to become a risk-sharing partner in the business jet's production, as well as being appointed to design, manufacture, and integrate the business jet's new single-piece wing.[10][11] Taiwan's Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC) was selected to supply the aft fuselage and empennage for the new aircraft.[12] Simultaneously, Bombardier's sale team set about securing commitments from prospective customers ahead of the programme's actual launch.[7][13]

The baseline Challenger 300 was formally launched at the 1999 Paris Air Show, being initially referred to as the Bombardier Continental.[14][15] Type certification and the first deliveries both originally scheduled to take place during 2002.[16][7][17] In November 1999, it was announced that the programme was proceeding ahead of schedule, having reached its first production milestone that same month;[18] final assembly was performed in Montreal, Quebec.[19] Around this time, Bombardier was also reportedly considering launching a regional jet model of the aircraft as well.[20]

In early March 2000, the company stated that 54 orders had been secured for the Challenger 300 since its launch.[16][21] Even in early 2001, Bombardier was anticipating the aircraft's entry to service during the following year.[22] However, delays were encountered that year, some of which can be attributed to the AS900 engine, which itself was not certified as quickly as had been expected.[23]

On 14 August 2001, the first prototype performed its maiden flight;[24][1] two months later, the second prototype joined the flight test programme.[25][26] During September 2002, it was announced that the entry to service date had been pushed back so that design modifications could be implimented.[27] On 31 May 2003, it received Transport Canada's approval, followed on 4 June by US FAR 25 certification and on 31 July by European JAR 25 approval.[28]

Challenger 350

The 350's main external difference is its canted winglets.

The improved variant first flew on 2 March 2013, was unveiled at the next May EBACE and was due to enter service in May 2014. Combined with a more luxurious interior and 20% taller cabin windows, it costs $1 million more at $25.9 million. Its launch customer, NetJets, ordered 75 firm and 125 options.[29] It received its type certification from Transport Canada on 11 June 2014, from the FAA on 25 June, and from the EASA on 2 September.[30] During 2018, 60 Challenger 350s were delivered as Bombardier claimed a 58% market share of the super mid-size segment, and the 300th delivery was reached in July 2019, after five years of service.[31]

Hot-section modifications and a FADEC push gave the Honeywell HTF7350 7.3% more takeoff thrust at 7,323 lbf (32.57 kN) with the same flat rating, durability and reliability. A strengthened wing with canted winglets and more span allows for 900 lb (410 kg) more full fuel payload.[29] Canted winglets have a less acute angle that reduces transonic drag and enlarge the span by 5.2 ft (1.6 m), increasing wing area and aspect ratio. At a weight of 30,200 lb (13,700 kg) it cruises at Mach 0.80 / 455 kn (843 km/h) TAS and is advertised as burning 1,535 lb (696 kg) per hour.[32]

In 2014, Bombardier's maintenance program for the type was priced at $277 per hour; inspections are performed at 600 hour intervals.[32] The avionics include four Adaptive LCD Displays, Dual FMS with LPV and RNP approaches capability, SVS, a MultiScan, Weather Radar, Dual IRS, dual SBAS GPS, integrated EFIS and dual VHF and HF radios. It is able to carry eight passengers over a 3,200 nmi / 5,926 km range at a Mach 0.80 (459 kn, 849 km/h) long-range cruise.[33] It is manufactured in Canada.[34]

Challenger 3500

Bombardier unveiled the Challenger 3500 at an event in Montreal on 14 September 2021.[35] The 3500 is a development of the Challenger 300/350, and will feature various improvements, including auto- throttles and an upgraded cabin. The new name will also bring the Challenger 3500 inline with Bombardier's Global nomenclature. Bombardier anticipates deliveries of the Challenger 3500 the second half of 2022 and will carry a price tag of $26.7 million, which is the same as the current Challenger 350.[36][37] During 2023, the advertised price of a new-build Challenger 3500 was $27.2M.[38]

Design

The Bombardier Challenger 300 is a super mid-sized business jet. It is capable of flying across the continental United States in a single hop;[8] specifically, the aircraft is able to climb to FL410 within 18 minutes with a 455 kg (1,003 lb) fuel burn at MTOW/ISA, where at a 14,330 kg (31,590 lb) weight it burns 680 kg (1,500 lb)/h at Mach 0.8/445 kn (824 km/h) tas, 875 kg (1,929 lb)/h at Mach 0.83/465 kn (861 km/h) tas.[28]

While both the Challenger 300 and Challenger 350 retain the same sized cabin, the latter is outfitted with a more modern and streamlined interior.[8] All seats are berthable, and in some configurates can be aligned to form beds. A Lufthansa Technik-supplied cabin management system and in-flight entertainment system, along with amenities such as electrical sockets, USB ports, and wireless connectivity, is present on some aircraft.[8] Various optional features can be fitted within the cabin, such as three-place divan, an extra belted seat in the lavatory.[8] The Challenger 350 is equipped with a pocket door between the galley and cabin, increasing privacy and minimising noise. Both the galley and lavatory can be furnished with stone, marble, or wood flooring.[8]

Both the fuselage and wing are semi-monocoque aluminum structures, while the winglets are composed of composite materials.[32] It is outfitted with supercritical wings that have a fixed leading edge and a 27% sweep angle and 1.15 m (3.8 ft) winglets that reduce cruise lift-induced drag by 17%.[28] The wing is equipped with spoilers, controlled via a fly-by-wire system, that augments roll control, act as speedbrakes and dump lift on the ground, hydraulically-acutated single-slotted fowler flap have four positions: 0/10/20/30°.[32] The outboard ailerons are manually actuated while both the elevators and rudder are hydraulically-powered with a mechanical backup.[32]

The flight deck of the aircraft is provisioned with Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics include four LCD displays, an EICAS and Maintenance Diagnostics Computer, an EGPWS, a TCAS II and an ELT.[39] On the Challenger 350, the primary flight display (PFD) fills the full width with the attitude directional indicator (ADI) symbology and synthetic vision system (SVS) imagery.[8] The flight controls use cables and pulleys for the most part. Rockwell Collins’s digital MultiScan radar system is present, featuring ground-clutter suppression and auto-tilt and -gain. Nosewheel steering, achieved via a tiller, provides 70 degrees turning authority to either left or right.[8]

Operational history

The Challenger 300 entered commercial service on 8 January 2004 with Flexjet.[19]

In 2004, the unit cost of the Challenger 300 was US$17.4 million.[28]

By November 2014, 448 Challenger 300s were in service and, over nearly one million hours of operations, had achieved a 99.79% dispatch reliability rate; five-year-old aircraft retain 64% of their original value.[32] At the end of 2015, 550 Challenger 300/350 were operational; of these, 402 aircraft were in North America, 75 in Western Europe, 37 in Latin America, 12 in Eastern Europe, seven in India, six in Africa and China, four in Asia Pacific and one in the Middle East; the largest operator was Flexjet with 30 Challenger 300s and seven 350s, then Netjets with 26 delivered, including four to Netjets Europe.[5]

During 2017, in response to competitive pressures, Bombardier chose to discount the price of the Challenger 300/350 by $7 million to match the Embraer Legacy 500's $20 million price.[6] Over 200 Challenger 350 were delivered by December 2017, adding to around 450 Challenger 300 deliveries.[3] The 350th Challenger 350 was delivered in July 2020.[4]

By 2020s, second-hand Challenger 300s typically cost from $7 million to over $20 million.[40] During 2021, Bombardier's list price for a new Challenger 350 was $26.7M.[41]

During 2022, the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ordered pilots to perform additional safety checks on the model after "multiple incidents" in which a horizontal stabilizer malfunctioned.[42] In 2023, a passenger was killed by blunt force trauma in a Challenger 300 inflicted when a series of automated pilot instructions resulted in the stabilizer control system being turned off, causing the aircraft to pitch violently.[42][43]

Specifications

Below: gear retracted, wheels apparent, swept wing
Variant Challenger 300[39] Challenger 350[33]
Crew two
Capacity eight to nine nine (standard)
Length 68.63 ft / 20.92 m
Span 63.84 ft / 19.46 m 69 ft 0 in / 21.0 m
Height 20.33 ft / 6.20 m 20 ft 0 in / 6.1 m
Wing area 523 ft2 / 48.5 m2
Aspect ratio 7.81 9.09
MTOW 38,850 lb / 17,622 kg 40,600 lb / 18,416 kg
OEW 23,500 lb / 10,659 kg 24,800 lb / 11,249 kg
Fuel capacity 14,150 lb / 6,418 kg
Maximum payload 3,500 lb / 1,588 kg 3,400 lb / 1,542 kg
Wing loading 74.3 lb/ft2/ 363.3 kg/m2 77.6 lb/ft2 / 379.7 kg/m2
Turbofans (2×) Honeywell HTF7000 Honeywell HTF7350
Thrust[lower-alpha 1] 6,826 lbf / 30.4 kN 7,323 lbf / 33 kN
Maximum speed Mach 0.83 / 477 kn / 882 km/h Mach 0.83 / 477 kn / 882 km/h
Cruise speed Mach 0.80 / 459 kn / 850 km/h
Range[lower-alpha 2] 3,100 nmi / 5,741 km 3,200 nmi / 5,926 km
Ceiling 45,000 ft / 13,716 m
Takeoff[lower-alpha 3] 4,810 ft / 1,466 m 4,835 ft / 1,474 m
Landing[lower-alpha 4] 2,600 ft / 792 m 2,710 ft / 826 m
  1. ↑ ISA + 15°C flat rated
  2. ↑ ISA, LRC, 8 pax 2 crew
  3. ↑ SL, ISA, MTOW
  4. ↑ SL, ISA, MLW

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shaw, Brooke (1 October 2007). "An Inside Look At The Challenger 300". Wings Magazine. https://www.wingsmagazine.com/operations/an-inside-look-at-the-challenger-300-565. 
  2. ↑ "Business Aircraft". Bombardier. http://businessaircraft.bombardier.com/en/aircraft. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Bombardier's Newest Challenger Jet Models Surpass Significant Delivery Milestones" (Press release). Bombardier. 6 December 2017.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Bombardier Challenger 350 Aircraft Reaches Milestone 350th Delivery" (Press release). Bombardier. 9 July 2020.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Monthly Program Profile: Bombardier Challenger 300/350". Weekly of Business Aviation (Aviation Week). 28 December 2015. https://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2015/12/bav_12_28_2015_cht.pdf. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 George, Fred (22 September 2017). "Legacy 500: Super Midsize Technology Leader Fights For Market Share". Aviation Week Network. http://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/legacy-500-super-midsize-technology-leader-fights-market-share. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Sarsfield, Kate (3 February 1999). "Bombardier signs Rockwell Collins for Continental jet". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/bombardier-signs-rockwell-collins-for-continental-jet/24965.article. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Thurber, Matt (24 May 2018). "Pilot Report: Bombardier Challenger 350". AIN online. https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2018-05-24/pilot-report-bombardier-challenger-350. 
  9. ↑ "AS907 Powerplants in testing for Bombardier's Continental business jet". Flight International. 23 February 2000. https://www.flightglobal.com/as907-powerplants-in-testing-for-bombardiers-continental-business-jet/30799.article. 
  10. ↑ Lopez, Ramon (10 February 1999). "Bombardier Continental takes shape". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/bombardier-continental-takes-shape/25072.article. 
  11. ↑ "Bombardier adds more names to Continental as launch nears". Flight International. 24 March 1999. https://www.flightglobal.com/bombardier-adds-more-names-to-continental-as-launch-nears/25514.article. 
  12. ↑ "Continental contract". Flight International. 9 June 1999. https://www.flightglobal.com/continental-contract/26565.article. 
  13. ↑ Kingsley-Jones, Max (31 March 1999). "Corporate Jets seeks expansion with Bombardier". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/corporate-jets-seeks-expansion-with-bombardier/25632.article. 
  14. ↑ "Trio of new Bombardier Business jets mark Paris Air Show debut" (Press release). Bombardier. 14 June 2003.
  15. ↑ "Bombardier Continental set to take market by storm". Flight International. 13 June 1999. https://www.flightglobal.com/bombardier-continental-set-to-take-market-by-storm/26654.article. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Continental orders". Flight International. 7 March 2000. https://www.flightglobal.com/continental-orders/31191.article. 
  17. ↑ "Continental challenge". Flight International. 16 June 1999. https://www.flightglobal.com/continental-challenge/26938.article. 
  18. ↑ Sarsfield, Kate (24 November 1999). "Bombardier cuts metal for first Continental airframe". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/bombardier-cuts-metal-for-first-continental-airframe/29517.article. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Warwick, Graham (20 January 2004). "Challenger 300 makes its service entry with Flexjet". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/challenger-300-makes-its-service-entry-with-flexjet-176574/. 
  20. ↑ Lewis, Paul; Doyle, Andrew (15 December 1999). "Bombardier eyes Continental shift for regional challenge". Flight International. https://www.flightglobal.com/bombardier-eyes-continental-shift-for-regional-challenge/29844.article. 
  21. ↑ "Bombardier on schedule for Continental final assembly". Flight International. 25 July 2000. https://www.flightglobal.com/bombardier-on-schedule-for-continental-final-assembly-/33113.article. 
  22. ↑ "Continental on target for service entry in 2002". Flight International. 23 January 2001. https://www.flightglobal.com/continental-on-target-for-service-entry-in-2002/35806.article. 
  23. ↑ "Late certification for AS900 engine". Flight International. 22 May 2001. https://www.flightglobal.com/late-certification-for-as900-engine-/37417.article. 
  24. ↑ "Business jet battle takes to the skies". Flight International. 21 August 2001. https://www.flightglobal.com/business-jet-battle-takes-to-the-skies/39204.article. 
  25. ↑ "Second Continental joins flight test programme". Flight International. 16 October 2001. https://www.flightglobal.com/second-continental-joins-flight-test-programme-/39904.article. 
  26. ↑ "Continental Flies". Flight International. 1 January 2002. https://www.flightglobal.com/continental-flies-/40816.article. 
  27. ↑ "Challenger 300 delayed to allow design changes". Flight International. 24 September 2002. https://www.flightglobal.com/challenger-300-delayed-to-allow-design-changes/45038.article. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 "Flight test: Bombardier Challenger 300 - Polished player". Flight International. 3 February 2004. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/flight-test-bombardier-challenger-300-polished-player-177135/. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Garvey, William; George, Fred (27 May 2013). "Bombardier Unveils Challenger 350". Aviation Week. http://aviationweek.com/awin/bombardier-unveils-challenger-350. 
  30. ↑ "Bombardier's Challenger 350 Jet Receives EASA Certification" (Press release). Bombardier. 2 September 2014.
  31. ↑ "Bombardier's Award-winning Challenger 350 Aircraft Reaches 300 Deliveries Faster than Any Other Medium or Large Jet in History" (Press release). Bombardier. 11 July 2019.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 George, Fred (1 November 2014). "Pilot Report: Bombardier Challenger 350". Business & Commercial Aviation (Aviation Week). http://aviationweek.com/business-aviation/pilot-report-bombardier-challenger-350. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Challenger 350 Brochure and Factsheet". Bombardier. 2016. http://businessaircraft.bombardier.com/sites/businessaircraft.bombardier.com/files/Challenger_350_EN.zip. 
  34. ↑ Siebenmark, Jerry (15 March 2017). "Is Bombardier 'winding down' Learjet?". The Wichita Eagle. http://www.kansas.com/news/business/aviation/article138751248.html. 
  35. ↑ Lynch, Kerry. "Bombardier Builds on Challenger Family with 3500" (in en). https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2021-09-14/bombardier-builds-challenger-family-3500. 
  36. ↑ "Bombardier Proudly Introduces the New Challenger 3500 Aircraft, the Industry’s Best Super Mid-size Business Jet" (in en). https://businessaircraft.bombardier.com/en/news/bombardier-proudly-introduces-new-challenger-3500-aircraft-industrys-best-super-mid-size. 
  37. ↑ "Bombardier launches upscale Challenger 3500 in battle for mid-sized private jets" (in en). 14 September 2021. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/bombardier-launches-upscale-challenger-3500-battle-mid-sized-private-jets-2021-09-14/. 
  38. ↑ "Purchase planning handbook - Jets table". Business & Commercial Aircraft. Second Quarter 2023. https://infogram.com/bca-table-2023-jets-1ho16vorwrp8x4n. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Challenger 300 Factsheet". Bombardier. 2006. http://www.aviation-broker.com/uploads/media/challenger_300_factsheet.pdf. 
  40. ↑ Bluestein, Greg (21 February 2020). "Loeffler jet a Georgia campaign trail asset, but also fuel for critics". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/loeffler-jet-georgia-campaign-trail-asset-but-also-fuel-for-critics/EZslVIdjkQv3tgfBDRth6N/. 
  41. ↑ "Purchase planning handbook - Jets table". Business & Commercial Aircraft. Second Quarter 2021. https://infogram.com/bca-table-jets-1h8n6m3l3dvqj4x?live. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Gans, Jared (24 March 2023). "NTSB finds turbulence not to blame for death of former White House official, but flight issues occurred" (in en-US). https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/3917379-ntsb-finds-turbulence-not-to-blame-for-death-of-former-white-house-official-but-flight-issues-occurred/. 
  43. ↑ Laris, Michael (24 March 2023). "Flight problems, not turbulence, found in death of former White House official". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2023/03/24/dana-hyde-airplane-turbulence/. 

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