Engineering:FREMM multipurpose frigate

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Short description: Class of multi-purpose frigates
Italian FREMM frigate Carlo Bergamini (F590)
Class overview
Name: FREMM
Builders:
Operators:
Preceded by:
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. (France)
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. (France)
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. (Italy)
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. (Italy)
Subclasses: Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
(United States)
Cost:
  • France: €670 million (2014)[3] per unit
  • Italy: €598 million (2016)[4] per unit
  • Morocco: €470 million (2014)[4] per unit
  • US: US$795 million (2020)[5] for the first unit
Built: 2007-present
In commission: 2012-present
Planned: 59 (France: 17, Italy: 12, Morocco: 1, Egypt: 5, US: 20, Indonesia: 6)
Cancelled: 9 (France)
Active: 22 (Italy: 10, France: 8, Morocco: 1, Egypt: 3)
General characteristics
Type: Frigate
Displacement:
  • France: 6,000 t (5,900 long tons)[6]
  • Italy: 6,700 t (6,600 long tons)[7] (5,500 tonnes, light displacement)
Length:
  • France: 142 m (465 ft 11 in) LOA
  • Italy: 144.6 m (474 ft 5 in) LOA
  • Italy: 132.5 m (434 ft 9 in) LPP[8]
Beam:
  • France: 20 m (65 ft 7 in)
  • Italy: 19.7 m (64 ft 8 in)
Draught:
  • France: 7.6 m (24 ft 11 in)
  • Italy: 8.7 m (28 ft 7 in)
Propulsion:
  • France: CODLOG
  • Italy: CODLAG
  • 1 × 32 MW General Electric/Avio LM2500+G4 gas turbine
  • 2 × 2.5 MW Jeumont Electric electric motors
  • 4 × diesel generators
  • France: MTU Series 4000 (2.2 MW each)
  • Italy: Isotta Fraschini VL 1716 (T2ME series by 2.15 MW each, on first two frigate; HPCR series by 2.8 MW each, since the third frigate)
  • 2 × shafts, driving controllable pitch propellers
  • 1 × 1 MW bow thruster
Speed:
  • France: In excess of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph)
  • Italy: In excess of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Range:
  • France: 6,000 nmi (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
  • Italy: 6,800 nmi (12,600 km; 7,800 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement:
  • France: 145
  • Italy: 199 GP version / 201 ASW version
Crew:
  • France: 123 crew on average including the air crew
  • Italy: 131 GP version / 133 ASW version; add 14 crew for one helo on board or add 23 crew for two helicopters on board
Sensors and
processing systems:
Armament:
  • Anti-air missiles:
  • France: 4 FREMM-ASW (Aquitaine, Provence, Languedoc, Auvergne) with 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A43 VLS for 16 MBDA Aster 15 missiles; 2 FREMM-ASW (Bretagne and Normandie) fitted with 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A50 VLS for 16 MBDA Aster 15 or 30 missiles; 2 FREMM-AAW (Alsace and Lorraine) fitted with 32-cell MBDA SYLVER A50 VLS for 32 MBDA Aster 15 or 30 missiles.[11]
  • Italy: 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A50 VLS for 16 MBDA Aster 15 and 30 missiles
  • Guns:
  • France: 1 × Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm SR gun
  • Italy: 2 × Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm/62 Davide/Strales guns (FREMM-ASW variant)
  • 1 × Leonardo Otobreda 127/64 Vulcano and 1 × Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm/62 Davide/Strales gun (FREMM-GP variant)
  • Small guns:
  • France: 3 × Nexter 20 mm Narwhal remote weapon systems
  • Italy: 2 × Leonardo OTO Melara 25/80 turret with Oerlikon KBA 25mm as remote weapon station
  • Anti-ship missiles:
  • France: 8 × MBDA Exocet MM40 Block 3 anti-ship missiles (Block 3c variant entering service with the French Navy from December 2022)[12]
  • Italy: GP variant 8 × MBDA Teseo Mk-2/A anti-ship and land attack missiles; ASW variant 4 × MBDA Teseo Mk-2/A and 4 × MBDA MILAS anti-submarine missiles
  • Land-attack cruise missiles:
  • France: 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A70 VLS for 16 MBDA MdCN land-attack cruise missiles (not fitted to two French AAW variants)[11]
  • Anti-submarine warfare:
  • France: 2 × double Leonardo (WASS) B-515 launcher for MU 90 torpedoes
  • Italy: 2 × triple Leonardo (WASS) B-515/3 launcher for MU 90 torpedoes
  • Italy: 2 × SITEP MASS CS-424 acoustic guns (update since 2017)
Aircraft carried:
  • France: 1 × NH90
  • Italy: 2 × SH90 or 1 × SH90 and 1 × AW101 (armed with MU 90 torpedoes or MBDA Marte Mk2/S missiles)
Aviation facilities:
  • France: single hangar
  • Italy: double hangar
Notes: Italy: 1 x RHIB SOLAS (Hatecke 7,5 m), 1 x RHIB Zodiac Hurricane 9,35 m and 1 RHIB CABAT 11 m on the stern

The European multi-purpose frigate or FREMM (French: Frégate Européenne Multi-Mission; Italian: Fregata Europea Multi-Missione) is a Franco-Italian family of warships designed by Naval Group and Fincantieri. This surface combatant is known in France as the Aquitaine class (17 units planned, of which 9 were later cancelled) and in Italy as the Bergamini class (10 units planned). The lead ship of the class, missing name, was commissioned in November 2012 by the French Navy. Italy has ordered six general purpose and four anti-submarine variants. France, on the other hand, has ordered six anti-submarine variants and two air-defense ones.

The FREMM has also been exported to various countries. Notably, the United States Navy selected a FREMM variant for their new Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. of 20 frigates, to be built by Fincantieri, starting with a US$795 million contract for the lead ship.[5]

Background

A third anti-air warfare variant of FREMM was proposed by DCNS in response to French requirements for a new air-defence frigate, the new variant became known as FREDA ("FREgates de Défense Aériennes", "Air defence frigate"). This new French requirement was due to the third and fourth Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.s being cancelled after the first two cost €1.35B each, but this decision left French Navy still in-need of replacements for its aging Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. air-defence frigates.[13]

As of 2009, the FREDA design features a more powerful version of the Héraklès passive electronically scanned array radar and 32 cells of SYLVER A50 vertical launch system in place of the 16 cells of A43 and 16 cells of A70. The SYLVER A50 would allow it to fire the 120-kilometre (75 mi)-range Aster 30 missile. While at one point it was determined that the towed array sonar would not be fitted, this has subsequently been retained on the FREDA design.[9][14]

At Euronaval 2012 DCNS showed a new concept called FREMM-ER for the FREDA requirement, again based on the FREMM, but specifically mentioning the ballistic missile defense mission as well as anti-air warfare. FREMM-ER has a modified superstructure replacing Héraklès with the new Thales Sea Fire 500 radar, whose four fixed plates resemble those of the US Navy's AN/SPY-1.[15] However, unlike the Héraklès and the SPY-1 (both using passive electronically scanned array technology), the Sea Fire 500 has active electronically scanned array antennas.[16]

Italy

Initial planning assumptions for the Italian Navy are ten FREMM-IT (four ASW variants and six GP variants) at a cost of €5.9 billion. FREMM-IT will replace the Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. and Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. frigates in service with the Italian Navy.

As of 16 April 2015, the Italian government has approved funding for all ten FREMM-IT to be delivered to the Italian Navy (four ASW variants and six GP variants).[17] FREMM-IT 9 & 10 will have undisclosed enhanced capabilities. All ten Italian FREMM-ITs have extended AAW capabilities, with SAAM-ESD CMS, Aster 30 and Aster 15 missiles for extended area defence. SAAM-ESD CMS use Leonardo MFRA, a 3D active radar (AESA), an evolved version of the Leonardo EMPAR PESA radar (previously embarked on Horizon-class destroyers and the missing name). Since the seventh FREMM-IT, there will be updates, such as new conformal IFF antenna and much more stealth response. Since the ninth FREMM-IT, SCLAR-H was replaced with Leonardo ODLS-20. In 2017 the Italian FREMM refit started with the installation on each of two SITEP MS-424 acoustic guns. In 2020, Italy sold its last two FREMM-class frigates in the current production line (Spartaco Schergat and Emilio Bianchi) to Egypt. Spartaco Schergat was in the final stage of her sea trials while Emilio Bianchi would follow within one year. The deal reportedly also involved other military equipment and was worth 1.2 billion USD.[18] Italy then order two additional FREMM frigates to replace those transferred to Egypt with the anticipated delivery of the replacements by 2025, with a new GP&ASW enhanced configuration, named GP-e.[19]

On 31 July 2024, Italy ordered at a cost of €1.5 billion another two FREMM from OCCAR, named FREMM-EVO, bringing the class fleet to twelve vessels. The FREMM-EVO will be based on the FREMM-ASW hull with several changes: PPA's dual-band integrated X- & C-band radar, ATBM capability with Aster 30B1NT missiles, CAPTAS-4 variable depth sonar (VDS), two Lionfish 30 mm autocannons to replace 25/80 mm, etc.[20][21]

France

The original plan was for 17 FREMM to replace the nine Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. avisos and nine anti-submarine frigates of the Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. and Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.es. In November 2005 France announced a contract of €3.5 billion for development and the first eight hulls, with options for nine more costing €2.95 billion split over two tranches (totaling 17). Following the cancellation of the third and fourth of the Horizon-class frigates in 2005 on budget grounds, requirements for an air-defence derivative of the FREMM called FREDA were placed – with DCNS coming up with several proposals.[22] Expectations were that the last two ships of the 17 FREMM planned would be built to FREDA specifications; however, by 2008 the plan was revised down to just 11 FREMM (9 ASW variants and 2 FREDA variants)[13] at a cost of €8.75 billion (FY13, ~US$12 billion).[3] The 11 ships would cost €670 million (~US$760m) each in FY2014, or €860m (~US$980m) including development costs.[3]

The 2013 White Paper on Defence and National Security committed France to 15 front-line frigates,[23] which was initially interpreted as 2 Horizons, 5 Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.s and a reduction in the FREMM fleet down to 8 ships. The 2014–2019 defence plan restated a target of 11 frigates;[24] of which six ASW FREMM variants would be delivered to replace the Georges Leygues-class frigates by 2019, followed by two anti-air variants to replace the ageing Cassard-class frigates and a decision was to have been taken in 2016 on what version the remaining three would be.[3] In 2014, the French Navy's Chief of Staff, Admiral Bernard Rogel, confirmed that 11 FREMM frigates had been ordered[25] but in 2015 the order was cut to 8 in order to allow for the introduction of five FTI mid-Size frigates from 2024.[26] The FTI will replace the La Fayette class in "first-rank" roles, with three of the La Fayettes also being fitted with active sonar and other improvements so as to extend their service life into the early 2030s.[26]

On 16 April 2021 the French Navy received Alsace, the first of the two air defence FREMM frigates ordered. The primary role of the air defence frigates is conducting the anti-aircraft defense of critical units such as the missing name and Mistral class landing helicopter docks. Besides being equipped with Aster 15 and Aster 30 surface-to-air missiles, the ship holds Exocet MM 40 anti-ship missiles and the MU 90 torpedo system.[27][28][29]

Export

Operators of the FREMM frigates

United States

An artist's rendering of a Constellation-class frigate

On 10 July 2017, it was reported that the United States Congress was interested in foreign designs such as the Fincantieri FREMM for the US Navy's FFG(X) Program.[30] According to Representative Rob Wittman, chairman of the United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces, the US Congress was comfortable with models such as Fincantieri's partnership with Lockheed Martin to build the Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. version of the littoral combat ship (LCS).[31] If the Italian FREMM design is selected, the Marinette Marine shipyard in Wisconsin, part of the Fincantieri group, would build the guided-missile frigates. Marinette Marine is best known for the US Navy Freedom-class LCS. On 16 February 2018, Fincantieri Marine was one of five companies awarded a $15 million contract for conceptual design of FFG(X), which the Navy would evaluate over 16 months ahead of a final request for proposal in 2019 and contract award in 2020.[32]

On 30 June 2017, it was announced that Leonardo and BAE Systems will collaborate to provide the US military forces with a wide range of upgraded munitions for advanced, large-calibre weapon systems such as the Leonardo Vulcano and Strales/DART guided munitions.[33]

From late May to early June 2018, the Italian Navy deployed Alpino on a good will visit to the United States along the Eastern seaboard, making port calls in Norfolk, Baltimore, New York City, and Boston.[34] She was visited by several US Navy officials who toured her as a potential FFG(X) candidate. Among the visitors was the Italian Ambassador to the United States, Armando Varricchio.[35]

On 30 April 2020, the US Navy announced that Fincantieri had been awarded a $795 million contract for the first FFG(X), to be built at Fincantieri Marinette Marine in Marinette, Wisconsin.[5][36] The contract includes options for an additional nine ships, which, if all options were exercised, would value the contract at $5.5 billion.[36] On 7 October 2020, US Secretary of the Navy Kenneth Braithwaite announced that first FFG(X) frigate would be named missing name.[37][38]

Egypt

Egypt ordered two Italian FREMM frigates in 2020 and one French FREMM frigate in 2015.[39] On 16 February 2015, the Egyptian Navy ordered one FREMM vessel to enter service before the opening of the New Suez Canal, as part of a larger deal (including 24 Dassault Rafale aircraft and a supply of missiles) worth US$5.9 billion (€5.2 billion).[40][41] In order to keep to Egypt's deadlines, France offered to send Normandie, originally intended for the French Navy.[42] The SYLVER A70 VLS and NETTUNO-4100 jamming equipment were removed due to export limitations for such sensitive equipment.[43] The crew will be around 126 sailors compared to 108 in the French Navy.[44] The SATCOM antenna for the French Syracuse satellites was also taken down; however, Egypt will use its own military telecommunications satellite, supplied by Airbus Defence and Space and Thales Alenia Space, in conjunction with its naval vessels.[45] From March 2015, DCNS trained the Egyptian crew in the technology of the ship and DCNS and its partners accompanied the crew for a period of 15 months. On 23 June 2015, French naval shipbuilder DCNS transferred the FREMM frigate Tahya Misr (ex-Normandie) to the Egyptian Navy. A ceremony took place to transfer Normandie, renamed Tahya Misr ("Long Live Egypt") to Egypt, in the presence of General Sedki Sobhy, the Egyptian Minister of Defense, Jean-Yves Le Drian, the French Minister of Defense, Admiral Osama Rabie, Egyptian Navy Commander in Chief, Admiral Bernard Rogel, the French Chief of Navy and Hervé Guillou, Chairman & CEO of DCNS.[44][46][47] The initial Italian sale might be followed by the subsequent acquisition of two additional FREMM frigates by Egypt.[19] In April 2021, the second FREMM Bergamini-class frigate, ENS Bernees, joined the Egyptian Navy. The first one joined on 31 December 2020.[48]

Morocco

On 24 October 2007, it was announced that the Royal Moroccan Navy had ordered one FREMM to replace its Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist..[49] The contract was signed on 18 April 2008 and construction of the Moroccan FREMM began in the summer 2008 with delivery expected in 2012 or 2013;[50] Mohammed VI was launched in September 2011 and handed over on 30 January 2014.[4] The Moroccan ship is similar to the French anti-submarine version, without SYLVER A70 tubes for MdCN cruise missile, and cost €470m.[4]

Indonesia

On 10 June 2021, Indonesia signed a contract with Fincantieri for the order of six FREMM frigates and two Maestrale-class frigates and other logistical support.[51] There may be collaboration between PT-PAL Shipyard on Java and Fincantieri.[52]

Greece

Following the unsuccessful negotiations of 2009-2018, in April 2025 Greek Minister for National Defence Nikos Dendias announced to the Delphi Economic Forum. Greece would again seek to purchase two used FREMM frigates from Italy, as part of the country's €25 billion multi-year defence plan.[1]

Unsuccessful bids

Canada

In April 2013, the French government showcased the FREMM class in Halifax, Nova Scotia, with the hope of selling to the Royal Canadian Navy for the Single Class Surface Combatant Project.[53][54]

In September 2017, a variant of the FREMM was offered directly to the Ministry of Defence, in an attempt to protect intellectual property. This direct bid included delivery of the first ship in 2019 if accepted within the year and a fixed price of $30 billion for all 15 ships, versus the $62 billion estimated for the government's prime-contractor ship building plan.[55] In December 2017 the offer was rejected by the Public Services and Procurement Canada, citing the unsolicited nature of the bid as undermining the fair and competitive nature of the procurement".[56] In October 2018, the Type 26 design was chosen by Canada as the winner of the program. On 8 February 2019, a contact was signed by Canada to build Type 26 vessels.[57][58]

Australia

In April 2016, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull confirmed that the Italian FREMM class was one of three frigates shortlisted for the Royal Australian Navy's Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist. replacement.[59] In September 2016, Fincantieri signed a contract to participate in the Competitive Evaluation Process, conducted by the Department of Defence for nine Future Frigates for the Royal Australian Navy.[60] In June 2018, the contract was awarded to BAE Systems to produce up to six Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.s based on the British Type 26 frigate, of which three units were ordered in June 2024.[61]

Brazil

In January 2019, the Italian government made an offer of two Bergamini-class frigates to the Brazilian Navy. The frigates Spartaco Schergat and Emilio Bianchi under construction for the Italian Navy, would be transferred to Brazil for €1.5 billion (R$6.37 billion).[62]

Greece

On 22 January 2009 the Hellenic Navy announced an order for six FREMM to replace an equal number of Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.s.[63] After the Greek government-debt crisis this was cut down to between two and four ships equipped with SCALP Naval, with France alleged to have offered them to Greece at no cost for the first five years. Germany objected to this deal in October 2011[64] and no deal has been signed. In February 2013 though and during the formal visit of the President of France, François Hollande, in Athens, according to press reports an agreement which includes the long-term leasing of two FREMM frigates (Normandie and Provence according to initial reports) to the Hellenic Navy has been reached.[65] On 12 January 2018 the Greek daily newspaper Kathimerini reported that the Greek government was set to enter talks with France regarding the procurement of two FREMM frigates, with an option for an additional two. Contacts between Greece and France were to begin initially at a military level, starting in February 2018.[66][67] In April 2018, Greek deputy Minister for National Defence Fotis Kouvelis stated that an agreement between France and Greece was reached for a five-year lease of two FREMM frigates, which could have been handed over as early as August 2018.[68] After a few days, on 25 April 2018 the Greek minister of Defense Panos Kammenos denied any information regarding the purchase of two frigates from France.[69] Eventually, Greece abandoned all plans for the purchase of FREMMs in 2019 and pursued with the smaller FDI Belharra multi-purpose frigates, offered by Naval Group.[70]

Country-specific equipment

Common equipment

  • Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm (3.0 in)/62 calibre gun (compact for FR-ASW/Super Rapid gun with Davide/Strales guided ammunition for IT-ASW)
  • 2 × torpedo launchers Eurotorp/WASS B515/3 for MU 90 torpedoes with Calzoni AHS (Automatic Handling System)
  • 1 × Leonardo NA-25 DARDO-F fire control system for the 76 mm cannon
  • 2 × SLAT (Systeme de Lutte Anti-Torpille) anti-torpedo system (into Italian Navy only for ASW version) ASW DLS (Anti Submarine Weapon Decoy Launcher System) based on Thales ALERT sonar system, DCNS RATO command system and WASS CMAT weapon system (with 12 tube launcher for 127 mm's WASS C-310 decoy and jammers)
  • NH90 helicopter, with capability for AW101, Cougar and Caracal
  • Thales UMS 4110 CL hull sonar
  • Thales UMS 4249 CAPTAS-4 towed sonar (Italian anti-submarine versions only; fitted to both French ASW and air defence variants)[71]
  • Thales TUUM-6 Underwater Telephone
  • 2 × Sigen MM/SMQ-765 EW system: with JASS (Jamming Antenna Sub System) ECM, Nettuno 4100, by ELT Elettronica and Thales ESM (Communications and Radar ESM)
  • 2 × SOFRESUD Quick Pointing Devices "QPD"

French-specific equipment

French version of the FREMM
  • 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A43 VLS for MBDA Aster 15 missiles (in first four ASW variants)
    • The last two ASW variants have been fitted with a 16-cell MBDA A50 VLS for MBDA Aster 30 to be used if deemed necessary.
    • The two AAW variants fitted with 32-cell A50 VLS.
  • 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A70 VLS for MBDA MdCN cruise missile with a range up to 1,400 km (870 mi) or Aster 30 anti-air missile (not fitted to AAW variants)[72]
  • MBDA Exocet MM40 Block 3, (Block 3c variant - naval and land-attack capability - entering service with the French Navy from December 2022)[12]
  • 2 × Nexter 20 mm (0.79 in) Narwhal remote weapon systems
  • NGDS decoy launcher
  • Héraklès radar
  • Terma Scanter 2001 radar[73]
  • Thales Artemis IRST
  • SETIS combat system
  • Sagem Najir fire control system for the 76 mm gun (on French ASW variants)[74]
  • Thales STIR EO MK 2 fire control radar for 76 mm gun (on French AAW variants)[74]
  • 4 × torpedo launchers Eurotorp/WASS B515/3 for MU 90 torpedoes
  • Samahé helicopter handling system

Italian-specific equipment

Italian ASW FREMM Carabiniere
Italian ASW FREMM Virginio Fasan
  • 16-cell MBDA SYLVER A50 VLS for MBDA Aster 15 missiles and MBDA Aster 30 missiles
  • Leonardo IRST SASS
  • another one Leonardo NA-25 DARDO-F fire control system for the second cannon (76 mm/62 calibre or 127 mm (5.0 in)/54 calibre gun)
  • Leonardo Kronos Grand Naval (MFRA) AESA, 3D, C band radar
  • Leonardo RASS (RAN-30X-I) surface radar (OTH)
  • Leonardo SPS-732, 2D LPI Surveillance X band radar (surface and air surveillance at low level); since the seventh FREMM-IT replaced by more powerful Leonardo SPS-732(V2)
  • Leonardo SPN-730 LPI navigation radar and two navigation radar GEM-Elettronica MM/SPN-753
  • Leonardo SPN-720 radar for helicopter precision approach
  • Leonardo IFF SIR M-E; since the 7th FREMM-IT replaced with Leonardo IFF SIR M5-PA with phased array antenna
  • Leonardo Athena combat system (CMS), with 21, three displays, MFC (Multi Functional Consolle): 17 into COC, 2 in backup COC, 1 on bridge and 1 into Command Planning Room
  • Leonardo SAAM-ESD extended area AAW combat system (for Aster 15 and Aster 30 missiles)
  • 2 × Leonardo (OTO Melara) SCLAR-H DLS Multipurpose Rocket Launcher; since the 7th vessel replaced with Leonardo ODLS-20
  • GP version: 8 × MBDA Teseo Mk-2/A, for naval and land attack missiles
  • ASW version: 4 × MBDA Teseo Mk-2/A missiles and 4 × MBDA MILAS anti-submarine missiles
  • 2 × OTO Melara - Oerlikon KBA 25 mm (0.98 in)/80 calibre remote weapon system, controlled by close CMS
  • Curtiss-Wright TC-ASIST helicopter handling system (for both helicopters)
  • Leonardo (WASS) SNA-2000-I mine avoidance sonar
  • L-3 ELAC Nautik SeaBeam 3050, multi-beam echo sounder (only on ASW version)
  • 1 × 7 m (23 ft) rigid-hulled inflatable boat release and recovery lateral systems (Stemar 6.8 m (22 ft), FNM HPEP 225 hp (168 kW) engine, 38 knots (70 km/h; 44 mph), 6 crew[75])
  • 1 × 11 m (36 ft) rigid-hulled inflatable boat release and recovery lateral systems (Zodiac Hurricane)
  • 1 × 11 m rigid-hulled inflatable boat fast, stern release and recovery system[76] (only on GP version, for CABI Cattaneo CABAT boat)
  • ASW version: 2 × Leonardo OTO Melara 76 mm/62 calibre Davide/Strales CIWS guns, one on the hangar (both with Strales guided ammunition)
  • GP version: 1 × Leonardo OTO Melara 127 mm/64 calibre gun with Vulcano guided ammunition, with a range up to 120 km (75 mi), and AAHS (Automated Ammunition Handling System) with 350 rounds + 56 in turret and a second Leonardo (OTO Melara) 76 mm/62 calibre Davide/Strales CIWS gun on the hangar (with Strales guided-ammunition)
  • 2 × acoustic guns / LRAD SITEP MASS CS-424: since year 2017, on update works

Ships of the class

French production

All the ships were made by the DCNS shipyard in Lorient.

Name No. Variant Role Contract signed Laid down Launched Comm. Transferred Homeport Notes
 French Navy
Aquitaine class
missing name D650 FR‑ASW ASW
(Anti-submarine warfare) 		16 November 2005[77] December 2007 [78] 29 April 2010[79] 2 December 2015[80] – Brest [81]
missing name D651 2014[82] 1 February 2018[83] 3 June 2020[84] – Brest [85][86]
missing name D652 15 December 2010[87] 18 September 2013[88] 9 June 2016[88] – Toulon [89]
missing name D653 30 November 2011[90] 12 July 2014[91] 4 July 2017[90] – Toulon [89]
missing name D654 August 2012[92] 2 September 2015[93] 14 February 2018[94] – Brest [95][96][97]
missing name D655 October 2013[98] 16 September 2016[99] 20 February 2019[99] – Brest [100][97]
missing name D656 FR‑AAW Anti‑air warfare March 2018[101] 18 April 2019[101] 16 April 2021[102][103] – Toulon [104][74]
missing name D657 15 May 2019[105] 13 November 2020[94] 13 November 2023[106] – Toulon [107][108][109][110][111][112]
 Egyptian Navy
missing name
(ex-Normandie) 		FFG-1001 FR‑ASW ASW
(Anti-submarine warfare) 		16 November 2005 (French order)[77]
16 February 2015[113] (transfer contract) 		8 October 2008[114] 18 October 2012[114] 17 March 2016[114] – Alexandria [115][116][117]

Never entered service in the French Navy

 Morocco Navy
missing name 701 FR‑ASW ASW
(Anti-submarine warfare) 		24 October 2007[118] 12 December 2008[119] 14 September 2011[120] 30 January 2014[121] – Ksar es Seghir [4]

Italian production

All the ships were made and are being produced by the Fincantieri shipyards in Muggiano and Riva Trigoso.

Name No. Variant Role Contract signed Laid down Launched Comm. Transferred Homeport Notes
 Italian Navy
Bergamini class[122]
missing name F590 GP General purpose 9 May 2006[123] 7 January 2008[124] 16 July 2011[125] 29 May 2013[126] ~ 2029 to Hellenic Navy[127] Taranto [124]
missing name F591 IT‑ASW ASW
(Anti-submarine warfare) 		9 May 2006[123] 17 December 2009[128] 31 March 2012[129] 19 December 2013[130] ~ 2029 to Hellenic Navy[127] La Spezia [128]
missing name F592 1 February 2008[131] 21 April 2010[132] 29 June 2013[133] 27 February 2014[134] – La Spezia [132]
missing name F593 1 February 2008[131] 28/09/2011[135] 29 March 2014[136] 28 April 2015[137] – Taranto [135]
missing name F594 1 February 2008[131] 23 February 2012[138] 13 December 2014[139] 30 September 2016[140] – Taranto [138]
missing name F595 GP General purpose 1 February 2008[131] 5 March 2013[141] 19 December 2015[142] 20 April 2017[143] – La Spezia [141]
missing name F596 September 2013[144] 4 June 2014[145][146] 4 March 2017[147] 24 April 2018[148] – Taranto [145]
missing name F597 September 2013[144] 9 July 2015[149][150] 3 February 2018[151] 16 April 2019[152] – Taranto [149][153]
Italian frigate Spartaco Schergat (F 598) (it) F598 GP-e General purpose enhanced (for ASW) 16 April 2015 (Italian order)[154]
2021 (replacement Egypt transfer) 		25 February 2021[155] 24 November 2023[155] 15 April 2025[156] – La Spezia [157]
Emilio Bianchi F599 10 December 2021[158] 25 May 2024[158] 30 July 2025[159] – Taranto [160]
Bersagliere TBA FREMM-EVO[161] General purpose & ASW 31 July 2024[162][163] 8 July 2025[164] – June 2029 – TBA [165][166]
TBA TBA 2026 – June 2030 – TBA [167]
 Egyptian Navy
missing name
(ex-Spartaco Schergat) 		FFG-1002 GP General Purpose 16 April 2015 (Italian order)[154]
October 2020 (transfer contract)[168] 		21 December 2015[169] 26 January 2019[169] 23 December 2020[169] 23 December 2020[169] Alexandria [170]

Never entered service in the Italian Navy

missing name
(ex-Emilio Bianchi) 		FFG-1003 January 2018[169] 25 January 2020[169] 13 April 2021[169] 13 April 2021[169] Alexandria [171][172]

Never entered service in the Italian Navy

 Hellenic Navy
missing name F590 GP General purpose 9 May 2006 (Italy)[123]
24 Oct 2025 (transfer contract)[173] 		7 January 2008[124] 16 July 2011[125] 29 May 2013[126] ~ 2029 to Hellenic Navy[127] – [127]

Second-hand ships that will be around 16 years old when transferred.

missing name F591 IT‑ASW ASW
(Anti-submarine warfare) 		17 December 2009[128] 31 March 2012[129] 19 December 2013[130] –
  Planned dates

United States production

Name No. Builder Variant Role Contract signed Laid down Launched Comm. Homeport Notes
 United States Navy
Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
missing name FFG-62 Fincantieri FFM
(Marinette - WI) 		GMF
(Guided Missile Frigate) 		Multi role
(ASW, ASuW, land attack) 		30 April 2020[174] 12 April 2024[175] – 2029[176] Everett [177][178]
missing name FFG-63 21 May 2021[179] – – – –
missing name FFG-64 17 June 2022[180] – – – –
missing name FFG-65 19 May 2023[181] – – – –
missing name FFG-66 24 May 2024[182] – – – –
missing name FFG-67 24 May 2024[182] – – – –
Everett Alvarez Jr. FFG-68 – 2025[183] – – – – [184]
Joy Bright Hancock FFG-69 – 2026[183] – – – – [185]
– FFG-70 – 2026[183] – – – –
– FFG-71 – 2027[183] – – – –
– FFG-72 – 2028[183] – – – –
– FFG-73 – 2028[183] – – – –
– FFG-74 – 2029[183] – – – –
  Planned dates

See also

  • List of naval ship classes in service
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
  • Script error: The function "sclass" does not exist.
  • MKS 180 frigate
  • Type 26 frigate

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Gov't in talks to buy two Bergamini frigates from Italy, Dendias says". eKathimerini. 11 April 2025. https://www.ekathimerini.com/politics/foreign-policy/1266774/govt-in-talks-to-buy-two-bergamini-frigates-from-italy-dendias-says/. 
  2. ↑ "Greece buys two used Italian FREMM frigates". 24 October 2025. https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/sea/greece-buys-two-used-italian-fremm-frigates/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Projet de loi de finances pour 2015 : Défense : équipement des forces" (in fr). Senate of France. 20 November 2014. http://www.senat.fr/rap/a14-110-8/a14-110-819.html#toc308. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Djama, Nasser (30 January 2014). "A Brest, le Maroc prend possession de sa frégate Fremm Mohammed VI" (in fr). L'Usine Nouvelle. http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/a-brest-le-maroc-prend-possession-de-sa-fregate-fremm-mohammed-vi.N236729. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Fincantieri Wins $795M Contract for Navy Frigate Program" (in en-US). 30 April 2020. https://news.usni.org/2020/04/30/fincantieri-wins-795m-contract-for-navy-frigate-program. 
  6. ↑ "Caractéristiques" (in fr). FREMM Aquitaine (D 650). Ministère de la Défense. 12 August 2013. http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/decouverte/equipements-moyens-materiel-militaire/batiments-de-combat/fregates/fremm/fremm-aquitaine-d-650/caracteristiques. 
  7. ↑ "Fregate Europee Multi Missione - FREMM" (in it). Ministero Della Difesa. http://www.marina.difesa.it/conosciamoci/comandienti/log_amm/marinalles/Pagine/FREMM.aspx. 
  8. ↑ "Fincantieri - Classe Bergamini". https://www.fincantieri.com/it/prodotti-servizi/navi-militari/bergamini-class/. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Peruzzi, Luca (5 November 2019). "The FREMM programme and its latest developments". European Defence Review. https://www.edrmagazine.eu/the-fremm-programme-and-its-latest-developments. 
  10. ↑ "Naval Multifunctional Active Radar for Principal Anti-Air Missile System". Leonardo Company. http://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/63265270/65469778/Copia+di+KRONOS_Grand_Naval_LQ_mm07943_.pdf?download_file. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "French Navy fitting Aster 30 long range SAM on its last two ASW FREMM frigates". navyrecognition.com. 2 October 2018. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/naval-exhibitions/2018/euronaval-2018/6536-french-navy-fitting-aster-30-long-range-sam-on-its-last-two-asw-fremm-frigates.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Vavasseur, Xavier (17 October 2022). "First Exocet MM40 Block 3c Missiles Set For December Delivery". Naval News. https://www.navalnews.com/event-news/euronaval-2022/2022/10/first-exocet-mm40-block-3c-missiles-set-for-december-delivery/. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "FREMM : 11 frégates multi-missions pour la flotte française" (in fr). Mer et Marine. 26 October 2008. http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/imprimer-article/55295. 
  14. ↑ "Frégates : Le point sur les futures FREDA" (in fr). Mer et Marine. 12 October 2009. http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/imprimer-article/52591. 
  15. ↑ "DCNS to unveil new FREMM Frigate variant, updated BRAVE supply ship design at Euronaval 2012". Navy Recognition. 4 October 2012. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=716. 
  16. ↑ Nodwell, Bethan (2013). "Extending Navy Capabilities FREMM-ER". FrontLine Defence. http://www.frontline-defence.com/index_archives.php?page=2105. 
  17. ↑ "Fincantieri - Bergamini Class". https://www.fincantieri.com/en/products-and-services/naval-vessels/bergamini-class/. 
  18. ↑ "Egypt would have signed an order with Italy for the delivery of two FREMM frigates". navyrecognition.com. October 2020. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/october/9070-egypt-would-have-signed-an-order-with-italy-for-the-delivery-of-two-fremm-frigates.html. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Di Briganti, Giovanni (30 July 2020). "Italian Minister Confirms Sale of Two Frigates to Egypt". defense-aerospace.com. https://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/feature/5/212739/italian-minister-confirms-sale-of-two-frigates-to-egypt%3B-two-more-may-follow.html. 
  20. ↑ Peruzzi, Luca (2024-11-04). "Italy's New FREMM EVO Breaks Cover". Naval News. https://www.navalnews.com/event-news/euronaval-2024/2024/11/euronaval-2024-italys-new-fremm-evo-breaks-cover/. 
  21. ↑ Willett, Lee (2024-08-09). "Italy signs contract for two FREMM EVO frigates". Armada International. Media Transasia (Thailand) Co., Ltd. https://www.armadainternational.com/2024/08/italy-signs-contract-for-two-fremm-evo-frigates/. 
  22. ↑ "FREMM : Supprimer des frégates, un non sens économique et stratégique?" (in fr). Mer et Marine. 19 September 2007. http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/imprimer-article/58043. 
  23. ↑ "White Paper on Defense and National Security 2013". Ministère de la Défense. 29 April 2013. p. 91. http://www.defense.gouv.fr/english/content/download/206186/2393586/file/White%20paper%20on%20defense%20%202013.pdf. 
  24. ↑ "Projet De Loi De programmation Militarie 2014/2019" (in fr). Ministère de la Défense. August 2013. http://www.infosdefense.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/LPM-DT.pdf. 
  25. ↑ "Amiral Rogel : " Conserver un outil efficace et adapté aux menaces de demain "" (in fr). Mer et Marine. 29 October 2014. http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/amiral-rogel-conserver-un-outil-efficace-et-adapte-aux-menaces-de-demain. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Update to French Military Planning Law Means New Capabilities for Lafayette Class Frigates". Navy Recognition. 21 May 2015. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2747. 
  27. ↑ Vavasseur, Xavier (16 April 2021). "Naval Group Delivers First Air Defense FREMM 'Alsace' to the French Navy". https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/04/naval-group-delivers-first-air-defense-fremm-alsace-to-the-french-navy/. 
  28. ↑ Mackenzie, Christina (16 April 2021). "Naval Group delivers French frigate with bolstered capabilities". https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2021/04/16/naval-group-delivers-french-frigate-with-bolstered-capabilities/. 
  29. ↑ "French Navy Receives First Air Defence FREMM Frigate". https://www.defenseworld.net/news/29384/French_Navy_Receives_First_Air_Defence_FREMM_Frigate#.YIHV2i1h1QI. 
  30. ↑ Freedberg, Sydney J. (10 July 2017). "Navy Steers Well Away From An LCS Frigate". Breaking Defense. http://breakingdefense.com/2017/07/navy-steers-well-away-from-an-lcs-frigate. 
  31. ↑ Larter, David B. (1 September 2017). "The US Navy eyes foreign designs". Defense News. http://www.defensenews.com/naval/2017/09/01/as-the-service-looks-to-fill-capabilities-gaps-the-us-navy-is-keeps-an-eye-overseas. 
  32. ↑ "Navy Picks Five Contenders for Next Generation Frigate FFG(X) Program". U.S. Naval Institute. https://news.usni.org/2018/02/16/navy-picks-five-contenders-next-generation-frigate-ffgxprogram. 
  33. ↑ "BAE Systems and Leonardo to partner for new Vulcano precision-guided munitions". Naval Technology. 30 June 2017. http://www.naval-technology.com/news/newsbae-systems-leonardo-collaborate-to-offer-new-vulcano-precision-guided-munitions-5857322. 
  34. ↑ "ITS Alpino, prototype competitor for next Navy frigate, makes landfall in Norfolk". WKTR. 25 May 2018. http://wtkr.com/2018/05/25/its-alpino-prototype-competitor-for-next-navy-frigate-makes-landfall-in-norfolk/. 
  35. ↑ "Marina Militare: nave Alpino in sosta a New York per Festa della Repubblica" (in it). 1 June 2018. https://lavocedinewyork.com/new-york/2018/06/01/marina-militare-nave-alpino-in-sosta-a-new-york-dall1-al-5-giugno/. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Frank, Peter (30 April 2020). "Navy awards $5 billion frigate contract to Fincantieri Marinette Marine, creating at least 1,000 jobs". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2020/04/30/fincantieri-marinette-marine-wins-5-billion-navy-frigate-contract/3061250001/. 
  37. ↑ Eckstein, Megan (7 October 2020). "SECNAV Braithwaite Names First FFG(X) USS Constellation". USNI News (U.S. Naval Institute). https://news.usni.org/2020/10/07/secnav-braithwaite-names-first-ffgx-uss-constellation. 
  38. ↑ "SECNAV Names Navy's Newest Class of FFG(X) Ships" (Press release). U.S. Navy. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  39. ↑ Mergener, Uwe (10 June 2020). "At Least two FREMM Frigates to go to Egypt". European Security and Defence. https://euro-sd.com/2020/06/news/17535/at-least-two-fremm-frigates-to-go-to-egypt/. 
  40. ↑ Lert, Frédéric (16 February 2015). "Egypt officially signs for 24 Rafales, FREMM frigate, and missiles". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. http://www.janes.com/article/49025/egypt-officially-signs-for-24-rafales-fremm-frigate-and-missiles. 
  41. ↑ "Official French Navy Statement on the Sale of a FREMM Multi-Mission Frigate to Egypt". navyrecognition.com. 13 February 2015. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2015-news/february-2015-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/2414-official-french-navy-statement-on-the-sale-of-a-fremm-multi-mission-frigate-to-egypt.html. 
  42. ↑ Groizeleau, Vincent (17 December 2014). "FREMM pour l'Egypte: Ça se précise..." (in fr). Mer et Marine. http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/fremm-pour-legypte-ca-se-precise. 
  43. ↑ "DCNS Transfered [sic] the FREMM Frigate Tahya Misr to the Egyptian Navy". 24 June 2015. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/year-2015-news/june-2015-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/2836-dcns-transfered-the-fremm-frigate-tahya-misr-to-the-egyptian-navy.html. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "DCNS Transferred the FREMM Frigate Tahya Misr to the Egyptian Navy". navyrecognition.com. 24 June 2015. http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2015-news/june-2015-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/2836-dcns-transfered-the-fremm-frigate-tahya-misr-to-the-egyptian-navy.html. 
  45. ↑ "Un satellite Airbus-Thalès vendu à l'Egypte" (in fr). Le Figaro. Reuters. 19 April 2016. http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2016/04/19/97001-20160419FILWWW00002-un-satellite-airbus-thales-vendu-a-l-egypte.php. 
  46. ↑ "DCNS Transfers the FREMM Tahya Misr to the Egyptian Navy" (Press release). DCNS Group. 24 June 2015. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  47. ↑ Lert, Frédéric (25 June 2015). "Egypt receives its first FREMM frigate". http://www.janes.com/article/52534/egypt-receives-its-first-fremm-frigate. 
  48. ↑ White, Ryan (15 April 2021). "ENS Bernees 1003 joins Egyptian Navy". Naval Post. https://navalpost.com/egyptian-navys-second-fremm-bergamini-frigate-bernees-1003/. 
  49. ↑ "Accord conclu pour la vente d'une frégate française au Maroc" (in fr). Mer et Marine. 24 October 2007. http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=105848. 
  50. ↑ "La construction de la FREMM marocaine débute à Lorient" (in fr). Mer et Marine. 9 November 2008. http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=108228&u=3951. 
  51. ↑ "Fincantieri Will Provide 8 Vessels to Indonesia". https://www.fincantieri.com/en/media/press-releases/2021/fincantieri-will-provide-8-vessels-to-indonesia/. 
  52. ↑ Manaranche, Martin (10 June 2021). "Fincantieri Signed A Contract To Provide 8 Frigates To Indonesia". https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/06/fincantieri-signed-a-contract-to-provide-8-frigates-to-indonesia/. 
  53. ↑ "French pitch new warships for next Canadian navy vessels". CBC News. 20 April 2013. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/french-pitch-new-warships-for-next-canadian-navy-vessels-1.1301575. 
  54. ↑ Brewster, Murray (26 October 2016). "Frigate replacement program kicks off with design competition". CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/frigate-replacement-competition-1.3812705. 
  55. ↑ Tran, Pierre (4 December 2017). "European firms jointly offer frigate to Canadian government, skipping shipbuilder". Defense News. https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2017/12/04/european-firms-jointly-offer-frigate-to-canadian-government-skipping-shipbuilder/. 
  56. ↑ Tran, Pierre; Kington, Tom; Pugliese, David (6 December 2017). "Bold move backfires as Canada declines Naval Group-Fincantieri frigate offering". https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2017/12/06/bold-move-backfires-as-canada-declines-naval-group-fincantieri-frigate-offering/. 
  57. ↑ Rosamond, Jon (11 February 2019). "Canada Confirms Type 26 Design for Surface Combatant Program After Legal Tussle". USNI News. https://news.usni.org/2019/02/11/canada-confirms-type-26-design-surface-combatant-program-legal-tussle. 
  58. ↑ Brewster, Murray (8 February 2019). "Ottawa makes its $60B frigate project official, even as rival's court challenge goes forward". CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/frigate-lockheed-martin-federal-court-1.5010673. 
  59. ↑ Anderson, Stephanie (18 April 2016). "Malcolm Turnbull says 12 offshore patrol vessels to be built in Adelaide". ABC News (Australia). http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-18/offshore-patrol-vessels-to-be-built-in-adelaide-pm-says/7334906. 
  60. ↑ "Fincantieri Signs the Future Frigate Participant Services Contract". 1 September 2016. https://www.fincantieri.com/en/media/press-releases/2016/000779/. 
  61. ↑ "Hunter Class Frigate". https://www.defence.gov.au/defence-activities/projects/hunter-class-frigate. "The Hunter Class Frigate Project will deliver 6 frigates optimised for anti-submarine warfare to maintain the Royal Australian Navy’s (RAN) Tier 1 Surface Combatant capability. The Hunter Class is based on the UK’s Type 26 Global Combat Ship, modified to meet Australian requirements." 
  62. ↑ Lopes, Roberto (30 January 2019). "Itália oferece fragatas FREMM ao Brasil". https://www.naval.com.br/blog/2019/01/30/italia-oferece-fragatas-fremm-ao-brasil. 
  63. ↑ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}" (in el). DefenceNet.gr. 23 January 2009. http://www.defencenet.gr/defence/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6296&Itemid=40. 
  64. ↑ "Germans Question Contract : France to Sell Frigates to Greece in Controversial Deal". Der Spiegel. 17 October 2011. http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/germans-question-contract-france-to-sell-frigates-to-greece-in-controversial-deal-a-792189.html. 
  65. ↑ "La Grèce va louer 2 frégates françaises" (in fr). Le Figaro. 19 February 2013. http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/2013/02/19/97002-20130219FILWWW00533-la-grece-va-louer-2-fregates-francaises.php. 
  66. ↑ "Greece to negotiate FREMM Frigate acquisition with France". 15 January 2018. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2018/january-2018-navy-naval-defense-news/5852-greece-to-negotiate-fremm-frigate-acquisition-with-france.html. 
  67. ↑ Adamowski, Jaroslaw (17 January 2018). "Greece to launch talks with France over FREMM frigates, corvettes". https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2018/01/17/greece-to-launch-talks-with-france-over-fremm-frigates-corvettes/. 
  68. ↑ Tigkos, Kostas; Alex, Pape (20 April 2018). "Hellenic Navy moves closer to leasing FREMM frigates from France". http://www.janes.com/article/79456/. 
  69. ↑ "Press conference of the minister of Defense P. Kammenos". Athens News Agency. 25 April 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59oeFgAcdTQ. 
  70. ↑ Archus, Dorian (27 July 2019). "Hellenic Navy's Eyes Locked on Belharra Class Frigates". https://navalnews.net/hellenic-navys-eyes-locked-on-belharra-class-frigates/. 
  71. ↑ Vavasseur, Xavier (13 November 2020). "Photos: Naval Group Launches 'Lorraine', Its Final FREMM Frigate". Naval News. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2020/11/photos-naval-group-launches-lorraine-its-final-fremm-frigate/. 
  72. ↑ "French Navy Fitting Aster 30 Long-range SAM on its Last Two ASW FREMM Frigates". navyrecognition.com. 2 October 2018. https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/naval-exhibitions/2018/euronaval-2018/6536-french-navy-fitting-aster-30-long-range-sam-on-its-last-two-asw-fremm-frigates.html. 
  73. ↑ "Terma to deliver SCANTER 2001 radars for the French FREMM program". defenseworld.net. 18 February 2009. http://www.defenseworld.net/go/defensenews.jsp?n=Terma%20to%20deliver%20SCANTER%202001%20radars%20%20for%20the%20French%20FREMM%20program&id=2792. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Vavasseur, Xavier (16 April 2021). "Naval Group Delivers First Air Defense FREMM 'Alsace' To The French Navy". Naval News. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/04/naval-group-delivers-first-air-defense-fremm-alsace-to-the-french-navy/. 
  75. ↑ "Stemar RIB 6.8 MM" (in it). FNN Marine Diesel Engine. http://fnm-marine.com/scelto-dettagli.php?id_scelto=26&id_foto=2. 
  76. ↑ R.I.D. Rivista italiana difesa, gennaio 2013
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 "Page 19 - RAPPORT D’INFORMATION N° 717". 13 February 2008. https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/13/pdf/rap-info/i0717.pdf. 
  78. ↑ "DCNS livre la première frégate Fremm "Aquitaine"". 26 November 2012. https://lemarin.ouest-france.fr/industries-navales/dcns-livre-la-premiere-fregate-fremm-aquitaine-455fe443-91e9-4bc3-a4ac-5845b81cfedf. 
  79. ↑ Guisnel, Jean (2010-05-03). "Nicolas Sarkozy dévoile la première frégate FREMM" (in fr). https://www.lepoint.fr/monde/nicolas-sarkozy-devoile-la-premiere-fregate-fremm-03-05-2010-450389_24.php. 
  80. ↑ Lagneau, Laurent (2015-12-03). "La frégate multi-missions Aquitaine déclarée opérationnelle" (in fr-FR). https://www.opex360.com/2015/12/03/la-fregate-multi-missions-aquitaine-declaree-operationnelle/. 
  81. ↑ "La Marine réceptionne la FREMM Aquitaine" (in fr). Ministère de la Défense. 27 November 2012. http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/a-la-une/la-marine-receptionne-la-fremm-aquitaine/. 
  82. ↑ "FS Normandie D-651 Frigate FREMM French Navy Marine". https://www.seaforces.org/marint/French-Navy/Destroyer-Frigate/D-651-FS-Normandie.htm. 
  83. ↑ "Mise à flot de la huitième frégate FREMM Normandie : Naval Group tient ses objectifs - GICAN" (in fr-FR). GICAN. 2018-02-02. https://gican.asso.fr/adherents/mise-a-flot-de-la-huitieme-fregate-fremm-normandie-naval-group-tient-ses-objectifs/. 
  84. ↑ Lagneau, Laurent (2020-06-04). "La Frégate multi-missions "Normandie" a été admise officiellement au service actif" (in fr-FR). https://www.opex360.com/2020/06/04/la-fregate-multi-missions-normandie-a-ete-admise-officiellement-au-service-actif/. 
  85. ↑ Groizeleau, Vincent (2 February 2018). "Naval Group met à l'eau sa 8ème FREMM" (in fr). Mer et Marine. https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/naval-group-met-leau-sa-8eme-fremm. 
  86. ↑ "French Navy's Final ASW FREMM Frigate 'Normandie' Enters Active Service". Global Defense Corp. 6 June 2020. https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2020/06/06/french-navys-final-asw-fremm-frigate-normandie-enters-active-service/. 
  87. ↑ "FS Provence D-652 Frigate FREMM French Navy Marine Nationale". https://www.seaforces.org/marint/French-Navy/Destroyer-Frigate/D-652-FS-Provence.htm. 
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 "La frégate anti-sous-marine « Provence » de la marine nationale française est arrivée à Reykjavik le jeudi 8 mars et y est restée jusqu’au lundi 12 mars 2018.". 10 June 2021. https://is.ambafrance.org/Visite-de-la-fregate-Provence. 
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Groizeleau, Vincent (6 April 2021). "La frégate Alsace a rejoint Toulon" (in fr). Mer et Marine. https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/fremm-alsace-arrivee-toulon. 
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 "VIDEO. Les militaires de la frégate Languedoc en exercice sur le port et au large de La Grande-Motte" (in fr-FR). 2023-04-30. https://france3-regions.franceinfo.fr/occitanie/herault/grande-motte/video-les-militaires-de-la-fregate-languedoc-en-exercice-sur-le-port-et-au-large-de-la-grande-motte-2764054.html. 
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  92. ↑ "FS Auvergne D-654 Frigate FREMM French Navy Marine Nationale". https://www.seaforces.org/marint/French-Navy/Destroyer-Frigate/D-654-FS-Auvergne.htm. 
  93. ↑ EDR (2015-09-03). "DCNS floats the sixth FREMM frigate" (in en-GB). https://www.edrmagazine.eu/dcns-floats-the-sixth-fremm-frigate. 
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  102. ↑ "Naval Group livre la FREMM DA Alsace : première frégate multi- missions à capacité de défense aérienne renforcée" (in fr). https://www.naval-group.com/fr/naval-group-livre-la-fremm-da-alsace-premiere-fregate-multi-missions-capacite-de-defense-aerienne. 
  103. ↑ "Admission au service actif de l’Alsace, première frégate multi-missions à capacité de défense aérienne renforcée (FREMM-DA) de la Marine nationale | MBDA" (in fr). https://www.mbda-systems.com/country-fr/admission-au-service-actif-de-lalsace-premiere-fregate-multi-missions-capacite-de-defense-0. 
  104. ↑ "Naval Group launches Alsace FREMM frigate". shepherdmedia.com. 26 April 2019. https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/imps-news/naval-group-launches-alsace-fremm-frigate/. 
  105. ↑ "Frégate Multi-Missions Lorraine - CROIX DE GUERRE ET VALEUR MILITAIRE". https://croixdeguerre-valeurmilitaire.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/p26-27FREMM-Lorraine.pdf. 
  106. ↑ "La Lorraine admise au service actif | Ministère des Armées" (in fr). 2023-11-28. http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/actualites/lorraine-admise-au-service-actif. 
  107. ↑ Groizeleau, Vincent (17 May 2019). "Lorraine : Naval Group met sur cale sa dernière FREMM" (in fr). Mer et Marine. https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/lorraine-naval-group-met-sur-cale-sa-derniere-fremm. 
  108. ↑ Groizeleau, Vincent (13 November 2020). "Naval Group met à l'eau sa dernière FREMM" (in fr). Mer et Marine. https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/naval-group-met-leau-sa-derniere-fremm. 
  109. ↑ Groizeleau, Vincent (15 November 2023). "Lorraine : la Marine nationale met en service sa 8ème et dernière frégate du type FREMM" (in fr). Mer et Marine. https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/defense/lorraine-la-marine-nationale-met-en-service-sa-8eme-et-derniere-fregate-du-type-fremm. 
  110. ↑ Vavasseur, Xavier (27 April 2023). "How A Not-Yet-Commissioned Frigate Played A Key Role In Sudan Evacuation Operations". Naval News. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2023/04/how-a-not-yet-commissioned-frigate-played-a-key-role-in-sudan-evacuation-operations/. 
  111. ↑ Vavasseur, Xavier (21 November 2022). "Final FREMM Frigate 'Lorraine' Delivered To The French Navy". Naval News. https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/11/final-fremm-frigate-lorraine-delivered-to-the-french-navy/. 
  112. ↑ "Première cérémonie des couleurs et premier commandant pour la FREMM Lorraine" (in fr). Mer et Marine. 7 October 2021. https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/premiere-ceremonie-des-couleurs-et-premier-commandant-pour-la-fremm-lorraine. 
  113. ↑ Tran, Pierre (2015-02-21). "DCNS Exports Pegged to Egypt Frigate Order" (in en). https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2015/02/21/dcns-exports-pegged-to-egypt-frigate-order/. 
  114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 "FFG 1001 ENS Tahya Misr FREMM Frigate Egyptian Naval Force". https://www.seaforces.org/marint/Egyptian-Navy/FRIGATE/FFG-1001-ENS-Tahya-Misr.htm. 
  115. ↑ "Egypt receives its first FREMM frigate" (in en). 23 June 2015. http://www.janes.com/article/52534/egypt-receives-its-first-fremm-frigate. 
  116. ↑ "La FREMM Tahia Misr en route pour Alexandrie" (in fr). rpdefense.over-blog.com. 23 July 2015. http://rpdefense.over-blog.com/2015/07/la-fremm-tahia-misr-en-route-pour-alexandrie.html. 
  117. ↑ "Egypt's Sisi attends navy manoeuvre, raises flag over new frigate". 17 March 2016. http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/193185/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-Sisi-attends-navy-manoeuvre,-raises-flag-ov.aspx. 
  118. ↑ "Frégate : comment le dossier a été sauvé". 24 October 2007. https://www.lesechos.fr/2007/10/fregate-comment-le-dossier-a-ete-sauve-543400. 
  119. ↑ DCNS, Communiqué de presse (2014-01-31). "DCNS livre la frégate multimissions Mohammed VI à la Marine Royale du Maroc" (in fr-fr). https://maritimenews.ma/~maritimenews/marine-militaire-2/2956-dcns-livre-la-fregate-multimissions-mohammed-vi-a-la-marine-royale-du-maroc. 
  120. ↑ Lagneau, Laurent (2011-09-14). "Mise à flot de la FREMM marocaine à Lorient" (in fr-FR). https://www.opex360.com/2011/09/14/mise-a-flot-de-la-fremm-marocaine-a-lorient/. 
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  184. ↑ "SECNAV Surface Navy Association Remarks". 17 January 2025. https://www.navy.mil/DesktopModules/ArticleCS/Print.aspx?PortalId=1&ModuleId=698&Article=4033718. 
  185. ↑ "SECNAV Del Toro Names Future Guided Missile Frigate USS Joy Bright Hancock (FFG 69)". 16 December 2024. https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/Press-Releases/display-pressreleases/Article/4002768/secnav-del-toro-names-future-guided-missile-frigate-uss-joy-bright-hancock-ffg/#:~:text=Secretary%20of%20the%20Navy%20Carlos%20Del%20Toro,named%20USS%20Joy%20Bright%20Hancock%2C%20Dec.%2016.. 

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