Engineering:Ferrari America

For the 1963, Ferrari 250 GT 2+2 based car see Ferrari 330 America

Ferrari 340 America, 342 America, 375 America, 410 Superamerica, 400 Superamerica, 500 Superfast, 365 California
Overview
Manufacturer	Ferrari
Production	1950–1967
Body and chassis
Class	Grand tourer
Layout	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Powertrain
Engine	V12

1951 Ferrari 340 America (2)

Ferrari America is a series of top-end Ferrari models built in the 1950s and 1960s. They were large grand touring cars with the largest V12 engines and often had custom bodywork. All America models used a live axle in the rear, were front-engined, and had worm and sector steering.

Two of the series, the 410 and the 400, were called Superamerica. The final member of the America production family was called the 500 Superfast. The series also includes the 365 California.

340 America

Ferrari 340 America
Ferrari 340 America Vignale Spyder
Overview
Production	1950–1952 25 made (two were converted from 275 S)
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupé 2-door roadster
Powertrain
Engine	4.1 L (4101.66 cc) Lampredi V12
Power output	220 PS
Transmission	5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,420 mm (95.3 in)
uk|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight	900 kg (1,984 lb) (dry, berlinetta)

The first America cars were the 340, produced between 1950 and 1952. Using the new Lampredi V12 developed for Formula One racing, the 340 America could produce 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp). Originally only 23 copies were built: 11 by Vignale, eight by Touring, and four by Ghia. Giovanni Michelotti designed Coupé and 2+2 Coupé for Ghia and Coupé and Spider for Vignale. The first two Americas were converted from the 275 S. In 1951, 340 America Vignale Berlinetta won Mille Miglia race driven by Luigi Villoresi. Three Touring barchettas were also entered that year but did not finish.

The 340/342 America was replaced by its larger-engined brother, the 375 America.

• 

  Ferrari 340 America Touring Berlinetta

• 

  Ferrari 340 America Vignale Coupé that won 1951 Mille Miglia

• 

  Ferrari 340 America Ghia Coupé

342 America

Ferrari 342 America
Ferrari 342 America Pinin Farina Coupé
Overview
Production	1952 6 made
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupé 2-door convertible
Powertrain
Engine	4.1 L (4101.66 cc) Lampredi V12
Power output	200 PS
Transmission	4-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,650 mm (104.3 in)
uk|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight	1,200 kg (2,646 lb)

Only six road cars were made: Vignale Cabriolet (designed by Giovanni Michelotti), two Pinin Farina Cabriolets and three Pinin Farina Coupés. Using the same Lampredi-designed engine as in 340 America with a different carburettor air filter arrangement and thus was detuned to 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp). Last example, the Pinin Farina Cabriolet s/n 0248AL presented at 1953 New York Auto show, was upgraded to 4.5 L engine. Both 340/342 Americas used even chassis numbering of a race cars, while 375 America and later used odd chassis numbering of a road cars. A Black Pinin Farina Cabriolet was owned by King Leopold III of Belgium.

• Ferrari 342 America Pinin Farina Coupé
• 
• 
• 

• Ferrari 342 America Pinin Farina Coupé
• 
• 

• Ferrari 342 America Pinin Farina Cabriolet
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

375 America

Ferrari 375 America
Ferrari 375 America Coupé by Vignale
Overview
Production	1953–1954 12 made (two were converted from 250 Europa)
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupé 2-door roadster
Powertrain
Engine	4.5 L (4522.08 cc) Tipo 104 Lampredi V12
Power output	300 PS
Transmission	4-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,800 mm (110.2 in)
uk|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight	1,150 kg (2,535 lb)

The 375 America was introduced in 1953 and a Pinin Farina bodied example was shown at that year's Paris Salon. Built as a successor to the 342 America, The 375 used the new 4.5 L (4,522 cc) "long block" Lampredi designed V12 engine that produced up to 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 6300 rpm, with three Weber 40DCF (or DCZ) carburettors, and allowed it do 0-60 mph in under seven seconds and reach a top speed of almost 160 mph (257.5 kmh). The 375 and later used odd chassis numbering of a road cars, while the 340/342 Americas using even chassis numbering of a race cars. The 375 was expensive and exclusive and was only built from late 1953 through 1954. 12 cars were made, with ten being original 375s and two being 250 Europas that were subsequently converted to 375 specifications (the 250 Europa and 375 had a nearly identical wheelbase, chassis and mechanicals). The majority of 375s had either three or five-window coupe bodies by Pinin Farina, though Vignale bodied around three Coupés and one convertible.

• 

  1953 Ferrari 375 America with bodywork by Carrozzeria Vignale

• 

  1955 Ferrari 375 America Coupé Speciale by Aldo Brovarone at Pinin Farina for Gianni Agnelli

• 

  1955 Ferrari 375 America Coupé Speciale by Pinin Farina

410 Superamerica

Ferrari 410 Superamerica
Series III 410 Superamerica Pinin Farina Coupé
Overview
Production	1955–1959 35 made
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupé 2-door roadster
Powertrain
Engine	5.0 L (4962.96 cc) Tipo 126 Lampredi V12
Power output	340 PS/360 PS
Transmission	4-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,800 mm (110.2 in) 2,600 mm (102.4 in)
uk|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight	1,200 kg (2,646 lb)

Ferrari produced another line of America cars, beginning with the 1955 410 Superamerica. The engine, based on a single plug 410 S powerplant, was now up to 5.0 L with 340 PS (250 kW; 335 hp) at 6,000 rpm produced thanks to triple Weber 40DCF carburettors. A 1957 Superamerica series III had triple 46DCF3 Webers for even more power (360 PS (265 kW; 355 hp)) and was also the final development for the 'long-block' Lampredi V12.

Each 410 Superamerica had custom bodywork, with a few by Boano and Ghia but most by Ferrari stalwart, Pinin Farina. The price was extremely high—at US$16,800, the 410 Superamerica offered at the New York Auto Show by importer Luigi Chinetti was more than twice as expensive as the Mercedes-Benz 300SL "Gullwing" exhibited by Max Hoffman. Just 35 were built when the series ended in 1959. First 2 series of Pinin Farina coupés were very similar with only 3rd series radically redesigned with non-panoramic rear window, different side-line, lower front grille and more recessed headlights, some covered. While most 3rd series PF coupés had 3 louvres behind side-windows, some have this space glassed over. Series III cars were introduced in 1958.

410 Superfast Pinin Farina Speciale

Also known as "Superfast I", made on 410 Superamerica chassis with 24-plug racing engine from 410 S, prominent tailfins and bi-coloured body. It was unveiled at the 1956 Paris Auto Show. Wheelbase was shorter at 2,600 mm.

4.9 Superfast

Another show car based on 410 Superamerica chassis and engine was Ferrari 4.9 Superfast. First time presented in Paris, 1957, this car was an evolution of 410 Superfast but without the prominent rear fins. Also the colours were similar but with dark blue-green full body and white roof.

• 

  Ferrari 410 Superamerica by Boano s/n 0477SA

• 

  Ferrari 410 Superamerica Series I by Pinin Farina

• 

  Ferrari 410 Superfast by Pinin Farina

• 

  Ferrari 4.9 Superfast by Pinin Farina

400 Superamerica

Ferrari 400 Superamerica
Series I Ferrari 400 Superamerica Coupé Aerodinamico
Overview
Production	1959–1964 47 made
Designer	Aldo Brovarone at Pinin Farina (Coupé Aerodinamico)
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupé 2-door roadster
Powertrain
Engine	4.0 L (3967.44 cc) Tipo 163 Colombo V12
Power output	340 PS
Transmission	4-speed manual with overdrive
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,420 mm (95.3 in)(series I) 2,600 mm (102.4 in)(series II)
uk|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight	1,250 kg (2,756 lb) (dry, coupé)

The 400 Superamerica had a smaller 4.0 L Colombo engine, but produced as much power as its predecessor, 340 PS (250 kW; 335 hp) at 7,000 rpm. It debuted in 1959 as 410 production ended, and was available as a coupe, spider, or cabriolet with custom Pinin Farina bodywork. Four-wheel disc brakes were a new addition. 47 Ferrari 400s had been built, along 2 series, when the 400 stepped aside in 1964, of which 32 were coupé aerodinamico variant. Series I coupés aerodinamico had open hood air scoop while series II cars had covered scoop and slightly longer wheelbase.

400 Superamerica Pinin Farina Coupé Speciale

A special one-off version of the 400 Superamerica, s/n 1517SA, was built in 1959 for Gianni Agnelli. This car was also the very first of the 400 Superamericas. A very similar body with its characteristic square grille, was used on Maserati 5000 GT that was also built for Sig. Agnelli.

400 Superamerica Superfast II–IV

Originally built as series I Ferrari 400 Superamerica Aerodinamico Pinin Farina Coupé, chassis no. 2207SA, was bodied and presented as Superfast II at the Torino Motor Show in 1960 and 1961. It was used by Battista "Pinin" Farina as his personal car. In 1961 rebodied into Superfast III and presented at 1962 Geneva Motor Show. Same year redesigned another, final, time as Superfast IV. It was a styling concept for the upcoming 500 Superfast model. Currently this show car can be seen on various events with its first styling.

• 

  Ferrari 400 Superamerica Series II by Pinin Farina

• 

  Ferrari 400 Superamerica Coupé Speciale by Pinin Farina for Gianni Agnelli

• 

  Battista Farina with a Ferrari Superfast II

• 

  Ferrari 400 Superamerica Cabriolet by Pinin Farina

500 Superfast

Ferrari 500 Superfast
Overview
Production	1964–1966 36 made
Designer	Aldo Brovarone at Pininfarina
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupé
Powertrain
Engine	5.0 L (4962.96 cc) Tipo 208 Colombo V12
Power output	400 PS
Transmission	4-speed manual with overdrive 5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,650 mm (104.3 in)
Length	4,820 mm (189.8 in)
Width	1,730 mm (68.1 in)
Height	1,280 mm (50.4 in)
uk|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight	1,400 kg (3,086 lb)

The end of the top-line America series was the 500 Superfast, first shown on the Pininfarina stand at the March 1964 Geneva Motor Show. During development these cars were to be called "Superamerica", but the decision was made at the last moment to use "Superfast" instead.

The engine was a unique 4,962.96 cc (303 cu in) Ferrari Colombo V12 engine, which had the same 108 mm bore center dimensions as the Lampredi "long-block" engines of the 410 Superamerica, otherwise the design was based on the original Colombo "short block". Breathing through six twin-choke Weber 40DCZ/6 carburettors, the V12 produced 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) at 6,500 rpm and could push the car to 280 kilometres per hour (174 mph). The chassis was very similar in construction to the contemporary 330 GT 2+2, and bodywork was again done by Pininfarina. When leaving the factory the 500 Superfast originally fitted Pirelli Cinturato CN72 205 VR15 tyres. 36 cars were made from 1964 to 1966, including 12 improved models with a 5-speed transmission in place of the earlier 4-speed plus overdrive. This production total excludes a one-off 330 GT 2+2 produced with a Superfast-style body for Prince Bernhard of The Netherlands. This one-off car sold at Bonhams' December 2003 Geneva auction for CHF 422,100 inc. premium. Only coupés were made and no Superfast roadsters were available.

• 

  Ferrari 500 Superfast (Series I; s/n 5983SF)

• 

  1967 Ferrari 500 Superfast (Series II; s/n 8459S)

365 California

Ferrari 365 California
Overview
Production	1966–1967 14 made
Designer	Tom Tjaarda at Pininfarina
Body and chassis
Body style	2+2 convertible
Related	Ferrari 500 Superfast
Powertrain
Engine	4.4 L (4390.35 cc) Tipo 217B Colombo V12
Power output	320 PS
Transmission	5-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,650 mm (104.3 in)
Length	4,900 mm (192.9 in)
Width	1,780 mm (70.1 in)
Height	1,330 mm (52.4 in)
uk|uk|Kerb|Curb}} weight	1,320 kg (2,910 lb) (dry)

The 365 California replaced the 500 Superfast for 1966. It was the first 365 model, with its 4,390 cc (268 cu in) V12 based on the 330's 4.0 L Colombo unit but with an 81 mm bore. The 365 California used the same chassis as the 500 Superfast but with an evolutionary cabriolet body by Pininfarina. Debuting at the Geneva Motor Show in 1966, just 14 examples were produced (including 2 in right hand drive) before production ended in 1967. Whilst the prototype was built on a 330 GT 2+2 type 571 chassis, production cars featured type 598 chassis. Chassis' were sent to Pininfarina's Grugliasco plant to be bodied and trimmed which were later returned to Ferrari for fitment of the mechanical components.

• 

  Ferrari 365 California

References

Bibliography

• Acerbi, Leonardo (2012). Ferrari: All The Cars. Haynes Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84425-581-8. 
• Buckley, Martin; Rees, Chris (1998). World Encyclopedia of Cars. London: Anness Publishing. ISBN 1-84038-083-7. 

External links

• Ferrari 340 America: Ferrari History
• Ferrari 375 America: Ferrari History
• Ferrari 410 Superamerica: Ferrari History
• Ferrari 400 Superamerica: Ferrari History
• Ferrari 500 Superfast: Ferrari History
• Ferrari 365 California: Ferrari History