Engineering:GPS Block IIIF

From HandWiki
Short description: Future evolution of GPS III satellites
GPS Block IIIF
ManufacturerLockheed Martin
Country of originUnited States
OperatorUnited States Space Force
ApplicationsSatellite navigation
Specifications
BusSV11-SV12: Lockheed Martin LM2100M[1],
SV13+: Lockheed Martin LM2100 Combat Bus[2]
Design life15 years
RegimeSemi-synchronous MEO
Production
StatusIn production
Built0
On order10 [3]
Maiden launch2027 (planned)[4]
Last launch2034 (planned)[5]
Related spacecraft
Derived fromGPS Block III
← GPS Block III

GPS Block IIIF, or GPS III Follow On (GPS IIIF), is the second set of GPS Block III satellites, consisting of up to 22 space vehicles. The United States Air Force began the GPS Block IIIF acquisition effort in 2016.[6] On 14 September 2018, a manufacturing contract with options worth up to $7.2 billion was awarded to Lockheed Martin.[7][8] The 22 satellites in Block IIIF are projected to start launching at the end of 2026, with launches estimated to last through at least 2034.[4][5]

System Enhancements

Engineering efforts for Block IIIF satellites began upon contract award in 2016—a full 16 years after the government approved entry into the initial modernization efforts for GPS III in 2000.[6][9] As a result, GPS Block IIIF introduces a number of improvements and novel capabilities compared to all previous GPS satellite blocks.

System Improvements

Redesigned Nuclear Detonation Detection System Payload

Block IIIF satellites host a redesigned U.S. Nuclear Detonation Detection System (USNDS) solution that is both smaller and lighter.[9]

The USNDS is a worldwide system of space-based sensors and ground processing equipment designed to detect, identify, locate, characterize, and report nuclear detonations in the Earth's atmosphere and in space.[10]

Fully-Digital Navigation Payload

GPS IIIF satellites are the first to feature a 100% digital navigation payload.[11]

The fully-digital navigation payload first introduced by Block IIIF (SV11+) produces improved accuracy, better reliability, and stronger signals compared to the 70% digital navigation payload used by GPS Block III (SV01-SV10).[12][13]

Improved Satellite Bus

GPS IIIF-03 and beyond (GPS III SV13+) will incorporate the Lockheed Martin LM2100 Combat Bus, an improvement on the LM2100M bus used in GPS III SV01 through SV12. The LM2100 Combat Bus provides improved resiliency to cyber attacks, as well as improved spacecraft power, propulsion, and electronics.[14][2]

Novel Capabilities

Energetic Charged Particle Sensor

GPS IIIF satellites will be the first GPS satellites to host an Energetic Charged Particle (ECP) sensor payload.[5]

In March 2015, the United States Secretary of the Air Force enacted policy mandating all new Air Force satellite programs must include ECP sensors.[15] Aggregating ECP data from multiple satellites allows for enhanced space domain awareness, enabling improved detection of space weather effects as well as differentiation between anomalies induced by hostile activity, the natural environment, or other non-hostile causes.[16][5][17]

Search and Rescue Distress Beacon Payload

GPS IIIF will be the first GPS satellite block to have all space vehicles participate in the Cospas-Sarsat system. The Cospas-Sarsat system is an international collection of satellites spanning low-earth, medium-earth and geostationary orbit satellites which all listen for 406 MHz distress signals generated by beacons on earth. Satellites relay distress signals to ground stations to initiate timely emergency response efforts.[18]

Laser Retro-Reflector Array

Adding laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) to all GPS IIIF Space Vehicles allows GPS monitoring stations on earth equipped with laser rangefinding equipment to determine much more precise 3D locations for every GPS IIIF satellite. Having more precise location information for each GPS satellite improves the ability of the GPS system to provide more accurate time/position fixes to GPS receivers. Estimates are that as more GPS satellites host LRAs, the location accuracy will improve from one meter achievable today to one centimeter accuracy, an improvement of several orders of magnitude.[19]

Unified S-Band Capability Compliance

Block IIIF will be compliant with the Unified S-Band (USB) capabilities, allowing for consolidation of radio frequencies used for telemetry, tracking, and commanding of Block IIIF satellites.[20][9]

Regional Military Protection Capability

Regional Military Protection (RMP) is an anti-jamming technology for military GPS consumers. RMP involves directing a massively-amplified spot beam which only includes military GPS signals over a small geographic area. US/allied military GPS receivers located within the RMP spot beam's signal footprint are significantly more difficult for adversaries to jam due to the extremely-amplified signal strength in the area.[14]

On-Orbit Servicing/Upgrade

GPS IIIF-03 and newer satellites (GPS III SV13+) will incorporate Lockheed-Martin's LM2100 Combat Bus.[2] Satellites based on the Combat Bus are capable of hosting the "Augmentation System Port Interface" (ASPIN), an interface that allows for future on-orbit servicing and upgrade opportunities.[14][21]

Launch history

The first GPS Block IIIF satellite is planned to launch at the end of 2026.[22]

GPS Block IIIF satellites
Satellite USA designation SVN Name Launch Date (UTC) Rocket Launch Site Status Remarks
GPS IIIF-01 Q4 2026[22] Falcon Heavy KSC, LC-39A In production [23][24]
GPS IIIF-02 In production [23]
GPS IIIF-03 Ordered [25]
GPS IIIF-04 Ordered [25]
GPS IIIF-05 Ordered [2]
GPS IIIF-06 Ordered [2]
GPS IIIF-07 Ordered [2]
GPS IIIF-08 Ordered [3]
GPS IIIF-09 Ordered [3]
GPS IIIF-10 Ordered [3]

Navigational Signals

Main page: Earth:GPS signals

Note: none of the navigation signals that GPS Block IIIF satellites transmit are new in Block IIIF; all signals were first supported in previous generation (Block I, Block II, or Block III) GPS satellites.

Civilian

Signal Name Frequency (MHz) First Satellite Generation (Year First Launched) Status Sending Navigation Data Satellites Broadcasting Signal Remarks
L1 C/A 1575.42 [26] Block I (1978; 46 years ago (1978)) Fully operational Yes 31 [27] Legacy GPS navigation signal
L1C 1575.42 [28] Block III (2018; 6 years ago (2018)) [28] Developmental (marked "unhealthy") [28] No [28] 5 ((As of June 2022)) [28] Developed as a common civil signal for GPS and Galileo GNSS systems.[28]
L2C 1227.60 [29] Block IIR-M (2005; 19 years ago (2005)) [29] Pre-Operational (marked "Healthy") [29] Yes [29] 24 ((As of June 2022)) [29] Specifically designed to meet commercial needs. Broadcast at a higher effective power level than L1 C/A, improving reception in locations that L1 C/A struggles, such as under heavy trees or inside buildings.[29]
L5 1176.45 [30] Block IIF (2010; 14 years ago (2010)) [30] Pre-Operational (marked "unhealthy") [30] Yes [30] 17 ((As of June 2022)) [30] Designed for safety-of-life applications.[30]

Design

GPS IIIF is an evolution of GPS III, which uses the A2100 bus as its core. The new models use the modernized LM2100 bus along with a fully digital navigation payload from L3Harris, a significant upgrade from the previous 70% digital payload used in GPS III.[31][32][33]

An upgraded version known as the LM2100 Combat Bus will be used starting with the third service vehicle. It will enable on-orbit servicing at a later date, which may include hardware upgrades, component replacement, or refuelling.[34][35]

Medium Earth Orbit Search and Rescue (MEOSAR) payloads are being provided by the Canadian government on behalf of the Canadian Armed Forces. The time it takes to detect and locate a distress signal will be reduced from an hour to five minutes, along with greatly improved accuracy in locating a distress beacon.[36][37]

Laser Retroreflector Arrays (LRAs) will be built by the Naval Research Lab. This is a passive reflector system that improves accuracy and provides better ephemeris data. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) will fund the integration costs of the LRA.

Other significant enhancements include: unified S-Band (USB) interface compliance, integration of hosted payloads including a redesigned United States Nuclear Detonation (NUDET) Detection System (USNDS) payload, Energetic Charged Particles (ECP) sensor, and Regional Military Protection (RMP) capabilities that provide the ability to deliver high-power regional Military Code (M-Code) signals in specific areas of intended effect.[38]

The Air Force has identified four "technology insertion points" for GPS Block IIIF. These four points are the only four times during the block's lifecycle where new capabilities will be allowed to be introduced to Block IIIF satellites.

Technology Insertion Point 1 (estimated FY2026)

  • First Space Vehicle: GPS IIIF-01
  • Proposed/possible new functionality:
    • On Orbit Reprogrammable Digital Payload [39][40][41]
    • High Power Amplifiers (SSPA's) [41]
    • Regional Military Protection (RMP) [42]

Technology Insertion Point 2 (estimated FY2028)

  • First Space Vehicle: GPS IIIF-07
  • Proposed/possible new functionality:
    • M-Code Space Service Volume [43]

Technology Insertion Point 3 (estimated FY2030)

  • First Space Vehicle: GPS IIIF-13
  • Proposed/possible new functionality:
    • Near Real-Time Commanding
    • Advanced Clocks [41]

Technology Insertion Point 4 (estimated FY2033)

  • First Space Vehicle: GPS IIIF-19
  • Proposed/possible new functionality:
    • TBD

Development

Space Segment (Satellites)

The U.S. Air Force employed a two-phase competitive bid acquisition process for the GPS Block IIIF satellites.

Phase One: Production Feasibility Assessment

On 5 May 2016, the U.S. Air Force awarded three Phase One Production Readiness Feasibility Assessment contracts for GPS III Space Vehicles (SV's) 11+, one each to Boeing Network and Space Systems, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, and Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems.[8][44] The phase one contracts were worth up to six million dollars each.[45] During the phase one effort, both Boeing and Northrop Grumman successfully demonstrated working navigation payloads.[46]

Phase Two: Satellite Manufacturing

On 19 April 2017, the US Air Force Space Command announced the start of the second phase of its acquisition strategy with the publication of a special notice for an "Industry Day" for companies planning on bidding for the contract to manufacture GPS III vehicles 11+.[45] During the Industry Day event, the Air Force shared the tentative acquisition strategy which it will use to evaluate proposals, then solicited feedback from potential bidders.

In July 2017, the Deputy Director of the U.S. Air Force GPS Directorate stated the acquisition strategy for GPS Block IIIF would be to award the manufacturing contracts for all 22 Block IIIF satellites to the same contractor.[47]

In November 2017, the Deputy Director of the US Air Force's GPS Directorate announced the name of the second tranche of GPS III satellites was "GPS Block IIIF".[48]

Also in November 2017, it was announced that development of the fully digital navigation payload for GPS Block IIIF satellites had completed.[49] The Block IIIA program schedule was delayed multiple times due to issues with the navigation payload.[50][51]

Bidding

While the Air Force originally expected to publish the formal Request For Proposals (RFP) for GPS Block IIIF production in September 2017, it was not released until 13 February 2018.[52] The RFP was for a firm-fixed price (FFP) contract for a single company to manufacture all 22 space vehicles. All three participants from phase one (Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman) were believed to be likely to submit proposals.[45] The government held a pre-proposal conference in El Segundo, California, to be held on 15 March 2018 for potential bidders to ask the Air Force questions about the solicitation. The submission deadline for proposals was 12:00 pm Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) on 16 April 2018.[53]

The bid status of companies who participated in phase one, in alphabetical order:

  • Boeing: declined to submit a proposal [54]
  • Lockheed Martin: submitted a proposal [54]
  • Northrop: declined to submit a proposal [7]
Funding

On 14 September 2018, the Air Force awarded a manufacturing contract with options worth up to US$7.2 billion to Lockheed Martin.[7]

GPS Block IIIF Space Segment Funding History
Date Description USD (millions) Percent of Contract Ceiling Funded Space Vehicles Remarks
Authorized Remaining to Contract Ceiling Funded (Max of 22) Average Price Per SV (USD in millions)
Incremental Cumulative
September 2018 Development costs, production of SV's 11-12[55] 1300 1300 5900 18% 11-12 (2) 650 Price per satellite includes research & development costs
October 2020 Production of SV's 13-14[25] 511 1811 5389 25% 11-14 (4) 453
October 2021 Production of SV's 15-17[2] 737 2548 4652 35% 11-17 (7) 364
December 2022 Production of SV's 18-20[3] 744 3292 3908 46% 11-20 (10) 329

Control Segment (Ground-Based Command & Control)

GPS Block IIIF's ground control system of record will be the same used for GPS Block III, the Next Generation GPS Operational Control System (OCX).

In order to be able to command and control Block IIIF satellites, in April 2021 the U.S. Space Force awarded a $228 million contract to Raytheon Intelligence and Space called OCX Block 3F, which builds on the existing OCX Block 2 system and adds the ability to do Launch and Checkout of Block IIIF satellites.[56][57]

OCX Block 3F delivery is expected in July 2025, with operational acceptance expected in late 2027.[57][58]

Date Deployment Space Vehicles Remarks
Command & Control System Satellites Delivering Navigation Data
Block II Block III Block IIIF Block II Block III Block IIIF
March 2023[59] OCX Block 2 OCX N/A Yes No Full GPS III functionality achieved, L1C navigational signals begin transmitting
July 2025[60] OCX Block 3F OCX (limited) Block IIIF: OCX only able to be used for Launch & Checkout Services (LCS)

See also

References

  1. ↑ "GPS-3F (Navstar-3F)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/navstar-3f.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Luccio, Matteo (2021-11-16). "U.S. Space Force contracts Lockheed Martin for 3 more GPS IIIF satellites". GPSWorld.com. https://www.gpsworld.com/u-s-space-force-contracts-lockheed-martin-for-three-more-gps-iiif-satellites/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Cozzens, Tracy (2022-12-05). "Space Force orders 3 more GPS IIIF satellites from Lockheed". GPSWorld.com. https://www.gpsworld.com/space-force-orders-3-more-gps-iiif-satellites-from-lockheed/. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Military Communications & Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Overview & GPS Enterprise Update". U.S. Space Force Space Systems Command. 2022-11-16. https://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/meetings/2022-11/baker.pdf. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Gleckel, Gerry (November 15, 2017). "GPS Status and Modernization Program". U.S. Air Force. https://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/meetings/2017-11/gleckel.pdf.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "SMC releases RFP for GPS III Space Vehicles 11+ Phase 1 Production Readiness Feasibility Assessment". U.S. Air Force Space and Missile System Center Public Affairs Office. 2016-01-08. https://www.afspc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/730920/smc-releases-rfp-for-gps-iii-space-vehicles-11-phase-1-production-readiness-fea/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "AF Announces selection of GPS III follow-on contract". Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs. 14 September 2018. https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1633793/af-announces-selection-of-gps-iii-follow-on-contract/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Air Force's Space and Missile Systems Center Awards Global Positioning System III Space Vehicles 11+ Phase 1 Production Readiness Feasibility Assessment Contracts". U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center. May 5, 2016. https://www.losangeles.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/734637/smc-releases-rfp-for-gps-iii-space-vehicles-11-phase-1-production-readiness-fea/.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "GPS III Selective Acquisition Report". U.S. Space Force. 2019-12-01. https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/FOID/Reading%20Room/Selected_Acquisition_Reports/FY_2019_SARS/20-F-0568_DOC_35_GPS_III_SAR_Dec_2019_Full.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "(U) Evaluation of the Space-Based Segment of the U.S. Nuclear Detonation Detection System". U.S. Department of Defense Inspector General. 2018-09-28. https://media.defense.gov/2019/Nov/12/2002209615/-1/-1/1/DODIG-2018-160.PDF. 
  11. ↑ "Four More Digital Mission Data Units for GPS IIIF Satellites to Come from L3Harris". InsideGNSS.com. 2021-02-23. https://insidegnss.com/four-more-digital-mission-data-units-for-gps-iiif-satellites-to-come-from-l3harris/. 
  12. ↑ "L3Harris Technologies passes Critical Design Review For New Fully Digital GPS IIIF Satellite Navigation Payload". L3Harris Technologies. 2020-02-11. https://www.l3harris.com/newsroom/press-release/2020/02/l3harris-technologies-passes-critical-design-review-new-fully. 
  13. ↑ Strout, Nathan (2020-02-12). "The next GPS payload will be fully digital". C4ISRNet.com. https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2020/02/12/the-next-gps-payload-will-be-fully-digital/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "GPS III/IIIF: The New Generation Of Positioning, Navigation and Timing". Lockheed Martin. 18 January 2023. https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/gps.html. 
  15. ↑ Starks, Michael (2016-12-02). "White Paper on ECP Energy Range and Flux Requirements". Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1120231.pdf. 
  16. ↑ U.S. Air Force (2016-11-30). "Automatic Exploitation of Energetic Charged Particle Sensor Data". SBIR.gov. https://www.sbir.gov/node/1208177. 
  17. ↑ Erwin, Sandra (2019-11-14). "Air Force: SSA is no more; it's 'Space Domain Awareness'". SpaceNews.com. https://spacenews.com/air-force-ssa-is-no-more-its-space-domain-awareness/. 
  18. ↑ "Search and Rescue Satellites". U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.sarsat.noaa.gov/search-and-rescue-satellites/. 
  19. ↑ GPS World Staff (2013-09-01). "Expert Advice: Laser Reflectors to Ride on Board GPS III". GPSWorld.com. https://www.gpsworld.com/expert-advice-laser-reflectors-to-ride-on-board-gps-iii/. 
  20. ↑ "GPS Future and Evolutions". European Space Agency. 2011-01-01. https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia/index.php/GPS_Future_and_Evolutions#New_GPS_satellites. 
  21. ↑ "Lockheed Martin Contracted To Build Three GPS III Follow On Satellites By USSF". satnews.com. 2021-11-15. https://news.satnews.com/2021/11/15/lockheed-martin-contracted-to-build-three-gps-iii-follow-on-satellites-by-ussf/. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Final GPS III Missions, First GPS IIIF Satellites Part of SSC's Latest Launch Assignments". Inside GNSS. 2023-11-05. https://insidegnss.com/final-gps-iii-missions-first-gps-iiif-satellites-part-of-sscs-latest-launch-assignments/. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Lockheed Lays Out GPS IIIF Upgrade Roadmap". Aviation Week. 2022-04-08. https://aviationweek.com/shows-events/space-symposium/lockheed-lays-out-gps-iiif-upgrade-roadmap. 
  24. ↑ "After Vulcan slips, Space Force ends up awarding more missions to SpaceX". Ars Technica. 2 November 2023. https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/11/after-vulcan-slips-space-force-ends-up-awarding-more-missions-to-spacex/. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 "Lockheed Martin gets $511 million contract for two GPS satellites" (in en-US). 2020-12-10. https://spacenews.com/lockheed-martin-gets-511-million-contract-for-two-gps-satellites/. 
  26. ↑ Gabor, Michael. "GPS Overview". University of Texas at Austin. https://www.csr.utexas.edu/texas_pwv/midterm/gabor/gps.html. 
  27. ↑ "GPS Constellation". U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center. https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps-constellation. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 "Fourth Civil Signal: L1C". GPS.gov. 2022-06-01. https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/civilsignals/#L1C. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 "Second Civil Signal: L2C". GPS.gov. 2022-06-01. https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/civilsignals/#L2C. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 "Third Civil Signal: L5". GPS.gov. 2022-06-01. https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/modernization/civilsignals/#L5. 
  31. ↑ "L3Harris Contracted for 4 Mission Data Units for GPS IIIF Satellites - Via Satellite -" (in en). 2021-02-24. https://www.satellitetoday.com/government-military/2021/02/24/l3harris-contracted-for-4-mission-data-units-for-gps-iiif-satellites/. 
  32. ↑ GNSS, Inside (2021-02-23). "Four More Digital Mission Data Units for GPS IIIF Satellites to Come from L3Harris" (in en-US). https://insidegnss.com/four-more-digital-mission-data-units-for-gps-iiif-satellites-to-come-from-l3harris/. 
  33. ↑ "Most Advanced SBIRS Missile Warning Satellite Ready For 2021 Launch" (in en-us). https://news.lockheedmartin.com/SBIRS_GEO_5_Completed. 
  34. ↑ Martin, Lockheed. "Lockheed Martin's First Modernized SBIRS Missile Warning Satellite Now Under U.S. Space Force Control". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  35. ↑ "Lockheed Martin to upgrade GPS satellites for in-orbit servicing" (in en-US). 2021-02-26. https://spacenews.com/lockheed-martin-to-upgrade-gps-satellites-for-in-orbit-servicing/. 
  36. ↑ "MDA to build search-and-rescue repeaters for GPS 3F satellites" (in en-US). 2019-05-13. https://spacenews.com/mda-to-build-search-and-rescue-repeaters-for-gps-3f-satellites/. 
  37. ↑ Canada, Public Services and Procurement. "Government of Canada awards contract for new space-based search and rescue technology" (in en). https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/government-of-canada-awards-contract-for-new-space-based-search-and-rescue-technology-832448437.html. 
  38. ↑ "Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Estimates". May 2021. https://www.saffm.hq.af.mil/Portals/84/documents/FY22/PROCUREMENT_/FY22%20DAF%20J-Book%20-%203022%20-%20SF%20Proc.pdf?ver=NEFQ6zdjfeGcJFeAdv_97g%3d%3d#page=49. 
  39. ↑ "Lockheed Martin to upgrade GPS satellites for in-orbit servicing". SpaceNews. 26 February 2021. https://spacenews.com/lockheed-martin-to-upgrade-gps-satellites-for-in-orbit-servicing/. 
  40. ↑ "On-Orbit Reprogrammable Digital Waveform Generator (ORDWG) for the GPS Spaceccraft Navigation Payload". US Air Force Research Lab. January 8, 2014. https://govtribe.com/opportunity/federal-contract-opportunity/on-orbit-reprogrammable-digital-waveform-generator-ordwg-for-the-gps-spaceccraft-navigation-payload-baarvkv20140004.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 "Advanced GPS Technologies". US Air Force Research Lab. May 1, 2015. https://www.gps.gov/multimedia/presentations/2015/04/partnership/slimak.pdf.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  42. ↑ "Military GPS Receiver Advances Could Help Trim Satellite Costs". Inside GNSS. June 2016. http://insidegnss.com/auto/mayjune16-WASHVIEW.pdf. 
  43. ↑ Bauer, Frank (June 11, 2015). "GPS Space Service Volume (SSV) Ensuring Consistent Utility Across GPS Design Builds for Space Users". https://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/meetings/2015-06/bauer.pdf.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  44. ↑ U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Public Affairs (January 8, 2016). "SMC releases RFP for GPS III Space Vehicles 11+ Phase 1 Production Readiness Feasibility Assessment". http://www.losangeles.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/734637/smc-releases-rfp-for-gps-iii-space-vehicles-11-phase-1-production-readiness-fea/.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Divis, Dee Ann (April 27, 2017). "Door Open to New Bidders as Air Force Moves Closer to GPS III Buy". Gibbons Media & Research. http://www.insidegnss.com/node/5448. 
  46. ↑ Capaccio, Anthony (November 2, 2017). "Air Force Plans US$10 Billion GPS III Contest Amid Lockheed Delays". Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-02/lockheed-s-latest-delays-on-satellites-may-open-door-to-boeing. 
  47. ↑ Divis, Dee Ann (July 17, 2017). "GPS Official: Expect One Follow-on GPS III Contractor, Tech Insertion Points". Gibbons Media & Research. http://www.insidegnss.com/node/5546. 
  48. ↑ Divis, Dee Ann (November 22, 2017). "Next Tranche of GPS Satellites to be called GPS IIIFs". Gibbons Media & Research. http://insidegnss.com/node/5695. 
  49. ↑ "Harris Completes Development of Fully Digital Navigation Payload for Future GPS III Satellites". November 9, 2017. http://www.insidegnss.com/node/5680. 
  50. ↑ "GPS III Payload Facing Delays". North Coast Media. February 11, 2014. http://gpsworld.com/gps-iii-payload-facing-delays/. 
  51. ↑ Gruss, Mike (September 14, 2016). "Lockheed Martin says first GPS 3 satellite delayed until December". http://spacenews.com/lockheed-martin-says-first-gps-3-satellite-delayed-until-december/. 
  52. ↑ Divis, Dee Ann (January 16, 2018). "Industry Awaits GPS III RFP As Delays Mount". Gibbons Media & Research. http://www.insidegnss.com/node/5746. 
  53. ↑ "GPS IIIF Request For Proposal (RFP)". February 13, 2018. https://www.fbo.gov/spg/USAF/AFSC/SMCSMSC/FA8807-17-R-0009/listing.html.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Devis, Dee Ann (April 18, 2018). "Boeing Declines to Bid on GPS III". Gibbons Media & Research. http://www.insidegnss.com/node/5841. 
  55. ↑ "Space Systems Command Exercises Contract Option for Three Additional GPS IIIF Satellites". U.S. Space Force Space Systems Command. 2022-11-28. https://www.ssc.spaceforce.mil/Portals/3/Documents/PRESS%20RELEASES/Space%20Systems%20Command%20Exercises%20Contract%20Option%20for%20Three%20Additional%20.pdf?ver=O-VZweNYgZuzDi3arrtR_A%3D%3D. 
  56. ↑ Dunn, Michael (2022-05-02). "Directions 2022: GPS positioned for the future". GPSWorld.com. https://www.gpsworld.com/directions-2022-positioned-for-the-future/. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Counting 0, 1, 2, 3F: The Long Hello of GPS OCX". Inside GNSS. 2021-05-06. https://insidegnss.com/counting-0-1-2-3f-the-long-hello-of-gps-ocx/. 
  58. ↑ "Military Communications & Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Overview & GPS Enterprise Update". U.S. Space Force Space Systems Command. 2022-11-06. https://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/meetings/2022-11/baker.pdf. 
  59. ↑ "Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX) Selected Acquisition Report". U.S. Department of Defense. 2022-04-08. https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/FOID/Reading%20Room/Selected_Acquisition_Reports/FY_2021_SARS/22-F-0762_OCX_SAR_2021.pdf. 
  60. ↑ "Counting 0, 1, 2, 3F: The Long Hello of GPS OCX". InsideGNSS.com. May 6, 2021. https://insidegnss.com/counting-0-1-2-3f-the-long-hello-of-gps-ocx/. 



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